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The document outlines key probability rules including the Multiplication Rule for determining outcomes of independent events, the Addition Rule for calculating outcomes of mutually and non-mutually exclusive events, and the Factorial Rule for arranging objects. It also explains permutations, where order matters, and combinations, where order does not matter. Each rule is accompanied by its respective formula for calculating outcomes.

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Joshua Angowan
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21 views13 pages

Presentation 2

The document outlines key probability rules including the Multiplication Rule for determining outcomes of independent events, the Addition Rule for calculating outcomes of mutually and non-mutually exclusive events, and the Factorial Rule for arranging objects. It also explains permutations, where order matters, and combinations, where order does not matter. Each rule is accompanied by its respective formula for calculating outcomes.

Uploaded by

Joshua Angowan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE MULTIPLICATION RULE (PRODUCT RULE)

THE MULTIPLICATION RULE IS USED WHEN YOU WANT TO


DETERMINE THE NUMBER OF POSSIBLE OUTCOMES FOR A
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS. IT IS APPLICABLE WHEN THERE ARE
INDEPENDENT EVENTS, AND THE TOTAL NUMBER OF OUTCOMES IS
THE PRODUCT OF THE NUMBER OF OUTCOMES FOR EACH
INDIVIDUAL EVENT.
FORMULA:
IF EVENT A CAN OCCUR IN MMM WAYS AND EVENT B CAN OCCUR
IN NNN WAYS, THEN THE TOTAL NUMBER OF POSSIBLE OUTCOMES
FOR BOTH EVENTS IS:
THE ADDITION RULE
THE ADDITION RULE IS USED WHEN YOU'RE INTERESTED IN THE
NUMBER OF OUTCOMES FOR EITHER OF TWO EVENTS, WHERE THE
EVENTS MAY OR MAY NOT OVERLAP (MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE OR
NON-MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS).
FOR MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS (EVENTS THAT CANNOT
HAPPEN AT THE SAME TIME), THE TOTAL NUMBER OF OUTCOMES
IS THE SUM OF THE OUTCOMES FOR EACH EVENT.
FOR NON-MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS (EVENTS THAT CAN
HAPPEN AT THE SAME TIME), THE TOTAL NUMBER OF OUTCOMES
IS THE SUM OF THE OUTCOMES FOR EACH EVENT MINUS THE
OVERLAP (SINCE IT IS COUNTED TWICE).
FACTORIAL RULE
THE FACTORIAL RULE IS USED WHEN DETERMINING THE NUMBER
OF WAYS TO ARRANGE A SET OF OBJECTS. THE FACTORIAL OF A
NUMBER NNN (DENOTED AS N!N!N!) IS THE PRODUCT OF ALL
POSITIVE INTEGERS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO NNN.
PERMUTATIONS
A PERMUTATION IS AN ARRANGEMENT OF OBJECTS WHERE THE
ORDER MATTERS. THE NUMBER OF WAYS TO ARRANGE RRR
OBJECTS FROM A SET OF NNN DISTINCT OBJECTS IS GIVEN BY THE
PERMUTATION FORMULA.
COMBINATIONS
A COMBINATION IS A SELECTION OF OBJECTS WHERE THE ORDER
DOES NOT MATTER. THE NUMBER OF WAYS TO CHOOSE RRR
OBJECTS FROM A SET OF NNN DISTINCT OBJECTS IS GIVEN BY THE
COMBINATION FORMULA.

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