FAULT ANALYSIS IN
POWER SYSTEM
GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE
JEAHANABAD
PRESENTED BY:-
Ankit Kumar-21103152021
Renuka Raj-21103152004
Saurabh Kumar-21103152025
Jay Prakash kumar-21103152031
Submitted to :-
Prof. Rajni Kumari
Asst. Prof.
(Electrical Engineering)
CONTENT
• Introduction
• Types of Fault
• Symmetrical Fault Analysis
• Unsymmetrical Fault
Introduction
A fault in a power system or circuit is a failure which interferes with
the normal flow of current.
The faults are associated with abnormal change in current, voltage
and frequency of the power system.
In general faults occur in power system networks due to insulation
failure of Equipment's.
TPYES OF FAULTS
The faults can be classified into
a) Shunt faults (short circuit)
b) Series faults (open conductors)
The shunt type of faults involves short circuit between conductor and ground or
short circuit between two or more conductors.
The series faults may occur with one or two broken conductors which creates
open circuits.
TYPES OF FAULT
Symmetrical Fault Analysis
• The analysis of symmetrical fault is a three-phase fault and it is also
called balanced fault.
• The symmetrical fault is a type of electrical fault that occurs in a power
system when all three phases (R, Y, and B) are affected equally as
shown in the Fig.
Symmetrical Fault Analysis
There are Two types of symmetrical fault.
i. Three-phase fault.
ii.Three-phase to ground fault.
Symmetrical Fault Analysis
1.Three-phase fault :-
This is the most severe type of fault, where all three phases are shorted
together.
It results in highest fault currents and can causes significant damage to
equipment.
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Symmetrical Fault Analysis
2. Three-Phase to Ground Fault :-
A three-phase to ground fault is a power system fault that occurs
when all three phases of a system are grounded and
shorted together.
SEQUENCE COMPONENT
The unbalanced operation can be analyzed through symmetrical
component.
Where all the three-phases voltage and current are transformed into
three set of balanced voltage and current.
There are three set of symmetrical component.
1. Positive Sequence Components.
2. Negative Sequence Components.
3. Zero Sequence Components
SEQUENCE COMPONENT
1. Positive sequence components:
Equal in magnitude
120 degrees phase angle exists with same phase sequence of original
Phase.
occurs before and after fault.
NOTE: Relay and circuit breaker operates on positive sequence.
SEQUENCE COMPONENT
2. NEGATIVE SEQUENCE COMPONENT :-
Equal in magnitude.
120 degrees phase angle exists with opposite phase sequence of
original Phase.
Occurs only during fault.
NOTE: Synchronous Generator is protected from unbalanced condition
by using negative sequence relay.
SEQUENCE COMPONENT
3.ZERO SEQUENCE COMPONENT:-
Equal in magnitude, No phase difference.
Occurs only when neutral is grounded and fault occurred with
grounded.
NOTE: zero sequence components are used in the calculation of
leakage Flux.
UNSYMMETRICAL FAULT
A fault that affects one or two phases of a three-phase system.
There are three ways in which unsymmetrical faults may occur in a
power system.
1. Single line-to-ground fault (L-G)
2. Line-to-line fault (L-L)
3. Double line-to-ground fault (L-L-G)
UNSYMMETRICAL FAULT
1. Single line-to-ground fault (L-G):-
(L-G) Fault occurs when a conductor on a transmission line touches the
ground or the neutral conductor.
(L-G) faults are the most common type of circuit fault.
UNSYMMETRICAL FAULT
2. Line-to-line fault (L-L):-
In this fault, two phase conductor come into contact with each other,
causing a short circuit between them.
UNSYMMETRICAL FAULT
3. Double line-to-ground fault (L-L-G):-
This fault occurs when two phase conductors come into contact with
each other and also with the ground.
THANK YOU
