AN
INTRODUCTION
TO SAMPLING
DISTRIBUTION
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
Illustrates random sampling.
Distinguishes between parameter and statistic.
The process of
taking samples.
SAMPLING
POPULATION SAMPLE
The totality of subjects The
(people, animals, or portion/subset
objects) under chosen from a
consideration. population.
SLOVIN’s
or FORMULA
SLOVEN’s
FORMULA
Example:
A researcher wants to study the academic performance in
Mathematics of students in a certain school. The school has a
population of 12, 000 students. If the researcher allows a margin of
error of 5%, how many students must he include in his sample?
RANDOM SAMPLING
⮚ Refers to the sampling technique in which each
member of the population is given an equal chance to
be chosen as part of the samples.
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
▪ The sampling techniques that involve random
selection.
NON – PROBABILITY SAMPLING
▪ The sampling technique that do not
involve random selection of data.
TYPES of Probability Sampling
❖ LOTTERY SAMPLING
⮚is used if the population has no
differentiated levels, sections or classes.
⮚ is carried out by assigning number to
every member of the population.
TYPES of Probability Sampling
❖ SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING
⮚ is the listing of all elements in the
population and selecting every kth
element in the population list.
⮚ The formula used for this is
Population
Sample
TYPES of Probability Sampling
❖ STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING
⮚ is a random sampling wherein the
population are group based on their
homogeneity.
⮚ The sample is constructed by classifying
the population into subpopulations or
strata based on some characteristics like
age, gender, or socio-economic status.
TYPES of Probability Sampling
❖ CLUSTER SAMPLING
⮚ Sometimes called area sampling because
it is applied on geographical basis.
⮚ is a random sampling wherein population
is divided into clusters or groups and then
the clusters are randomly selected.
TYPES of NON-Probability
Sampling
❖ CONVENIENCE SAMPLING
⮚ researcher gathers data from nearby
source of information like the use of
telephone, mobile phones, or the internet.
TYPES of NON-Probability
Sampling
❖ SNOWBALL SAMPLING
⮚ Also known as chain-referral sampling.
⮚ is a non – probability sampling technique
in which the samples have traits that are
rare to find.
TYPES of NON-Probability
Sampling
❖ QUOTA SAMPLING
⮚ sample units are picked for convenience,
but certain quotas are given to
interviewers.
TYPES of NON-Probability
Sampling
❖ VOLUNTEER SAMPLING
⮚ Sample units are volunteers in studies
wherein the measuring process is painful
or troublesome to a respondent.
CHAPTER 2:
PARAMETER AND STATISTIC
TERMS DEFINITION MEAN VARIANCE STANDARD DEVIATION
the
PARA measuremen
t or quantity
METE that
describes
R the
population.
the
measuremen
STATI t or quantity
STIC that
describes
the sample.
Example:
Determine whether the following given is a PARAMETER or
•STATISTIC.
The average weight of all males in the United States. PARAMETER
• The average height of 100 cats in the state of California. STATISTIC
• The average test of 20 students in a class of 500. STATISTIC
• The average test score of all students in a class. PARAMETER
• In order to test the effect of the new drug to humans, 20 patients were given the dose.
After a minute, it was found that the body temperature in average, decreased by 2°C.
a.) Are the 20 patients mentioned above SAMPLE
population or sample?
b.) Is the 2°C decrease in the body temperature
considered parameter or statistic? STATISTIC
FORMULA
MEAN VARIANCE
S
TERMS STANDARD DEVIATION
PARA
METE
R
STATI
STIC
