Parts of a
Computer
Hardware
Parts of a
Software
Computer
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Parts of a
Computer Hardware
Parts of a Computer
A. Hardware
These are all the physical aspects of a computer
system.
They are tangible, i.e. you can see and touch them.
Hardware components are the electronic or
mechanical instruments, like keyboard, monitor,
printer etc.
Types of
Hardware
INPUT DEVICES
OUTPUT DEVICES
PROCESSING AND MEMORY
HARDWARE
Types of Hardware
1.Input Hardware
For users to input data into the
computer system.
Examples:
*Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner
Example: KEYBOARD
•A keyboard is an input device that you
use to enter data into a computer.
•It's also called the input device for your
computer.
Example: KEYBOARD
•Keyboards are used with PCs, laptops,
tablets, and other devices.
•There are many different types of
keyboards, but the most common one is
the QWERTY keyboard.
Example: KEYBOARD
•A QWERTY keyboard has all the letters
in alphabetical order on it.
•This is different from some other types
of keyboards, like Dvorak or Colemak
keyboards.
Example: MOUSE
•A mouse is a hardware input device
that is used to move the cursor or
pointer on computer screens.
•It can also be used to run computer
programs, select items in a graphical
user interface, and manipulate objects
in the computer world.
Example: MOUSE
•Some common examples of
how it can be used are clicking
on buttons, scrolling up and
down the screen, selecting files,
opening folders, and so on.
Example: SCANNER
•A scanner is a device that
captures images from
photographic prints, posters,
magazine pages and similar
sources for computer editing and
display.
Example: SCANNER
•Scanners work by converting the
image on the document into digital
information that can be stored on a
computer through optical
character recognition (OCR).
Types of Hardware
2. Output Hardware
To translate and display the result of
the data processing.
Examples:
*Monitor Screen
*Printer
Example: MONITOR SCREEN
• Personal computers use a monitor to
display data, run the software, and
interact with the user
• Monitors are available in different sizes
depending on the needs of the person
using them.
Example: MONITOR SCREEN
The most common types
of monitors are:
CRT (cathode ray tube)
LCD (liquid crystal display)
LED (light-emitting diode).
Example: PRINTER
•A printer is a device that accepts text and
graphic output from a computer and
transfers the information to paper, usually to
standard-size, 8.5" by 11" sheets of paper.
•Printers vary in size, speed, sophistication
and cost.
Types of Hardware
3. Processing and Memory Hardware
Where data and information are processed and manipulated
to perform the task at hand.
It is also the workspace of the computer, where it temporarily
stores data.
Examples of Processing Hardware:
* CPU, CPU Fan, Motherboard, Power Supply, External Ports, VDC, IOS
Examples of Memory Hardware:
* ROM, RAM, Sound Card
Example: CPU
• A CPU, or central processing unit, is the
brain of a computer. The CPU processes
information and runs programs.
• It functions as a control unit that executes
programs according to instructions in its
program memory.
Example: CPU
Elements of CPU
registers
arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
control logic for
sequencing instructions
Example: CPU Fan
The CPU fan in the computer is a very
important component for your PC.
If your CPU fan is not working correctly,
your computer will be overheating and it
may cause damage to other components.
Example: CPU Fan
The CPU fan helps cool the CPU and other
internal parts of the computer.
It also provides negative pressure and
removes dust and debris from the inside.
Example: MOTHERBOARD
The motherboard is the backbone of our
computer system. It's the central processing unit
or CPU.
It connects all the other components, like
memory and graphics card, to the power supply.
Example: MOTHERBOARD
The motherboard is the backbone of
our computer system. It's the central
processing unit or CPU.
It connects all the other components,
like memory and graphics card, to the
power supply.
Example: MOTHERBOARD
The motherboard is what makes one machine
different from another.
Motherboards are made up of tiny transistors
that control the flow of electricity through
copper tracks on their surface. These
transistors are called Integrated Circuits or ICs
for short.
Example: POWER SUPPLY
A power supply is an electrical appliance that
provides the necessary power to operate a
computer.
Computers are powered by electricity, and the
power supply converts the alternating current
(AC) from the electric outlet into direct current
(DC).
Example: POWER SUPPLY
The power supply in a computer can
be an internal or external component.
It’s important to make sure your
power supply is functioning properly.
Example: EXTERNAL PORTS
• External ports are
used to connect your
computer to other
devices like printers
and speakers, among
many others.
Example: VDC
Video display controllers (sometimes
shortened to VDC) are circuits found in
video cards, which control the video output
of the computer.
The controller is responsible for formatting
the data that is sent to the monitor or TV.
Example: VDC
Video display controllers can be
implemented by either an onboard circuit
on the motherboard or a separate card that
connects to the motherboard through a
slot.
Example: IO SYSTEM
• The Internetworking Operating System is
the set of devices that are used to access
data.
• There are three major parts of the IO
system: input, output, and storage.
Example: IO SYSTEM
• Input devices, also called input
peripherals, are typically what data
is first inputted into the computer.
Example: IO SYSTEM
• Output devices are where data is
displayed. Storage devices store data
so it does not need to be present in
memory or processed by a CPU.
Example: ROM
• ROM stands for a type of memory chip that
can be read from but not written to.
• In other words, it's a form of data storage
that can't be changed after being
programmed.
Example: ROM
• It's sometimes called "non-volatile" memory
because the stored information will remain even
when not powered up or in use.
• ROM is often used to store a computer's basic
start-up instructions and certain types of data,
such as your car's onboard computer system and
a calculator's data tables.
Example: RAM
• A computer's RAM is a type of computer memory
that stores information so the CPU can access it
directly.
• Computer systems use main memory to store both
data and programs.
Example: RAM
• The more RAM you have, the more data your system
can process at one time.
• This will lead to more efficient operations on your
computer, which translates into better performance for
the user.
Example: SOUND CARD
A sound card is a computer chip that processes and
amplifies sounds.
It produces a signal to the speakers, headphones, or other
output devices.
The sound card can also be called a "sound card" or
"audio card."
Example: SOUND CARD
Computers with sound cards are capable of playing digital
music files and videos, as well as speech synthesis.
Sound cards were originally provided as an external
device for home computers in the 1980s.
With the development of microprocessors, sound
capabilities were integrated onto motherboards during the
1990s.
Types of Hardware
4. Secondary Storage Hardware
Where the computer system stores data
permanently.
Examples:
*Hard disk drive, Optical Drive, Pen
drive
Example: HARD DISK DRIVE
• A hard disk drive is a piece of hardware inside
a computer that stores information.
• It's used to store software and data in a safe
place, which can be accessed when needed.
Example: HARD DISK DRIVE
•With magnetic storage, there are no moving parts
- unlike a CD or DVD player in which you need
to move a disk in order to access data.
•You can think of it as "a closet" where all your
stuff is stored safely.
Example: OPTICAL DRIVE
Optical Drives are used in PCs to read and write CDs
and DVDs.
The optical drive reads the data from the disc, which can
then be transformed into a digital file that is readable by
the computer.
This makes it easy to backup files, play music or
movies, or copy data from one disc to another.
Example: OPTICAL DRIVE
The term "CD" refers to Compact Discs, which are the
most common type of optical drive on modern computers.
They are often used for installing software on your
computer, moving data between computers, or writing
new programs.
SEATWORK #5
I. Identification
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