Debretabor university
Selected topics in computer science
CHAPTER-1
Cloud Computing
By Enkusilasie T.
What is Cloud Computing? 2
Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a new class
of network based computing that takes place over the Internet,
basically a step on from Utility Computing
a collection/group of integrated and networked hardware,
software and Internet infrastructure (called a platform).
Using the Internet for communication and transport provides
hardware, software and networking services to clients
These platforms hide the complexity and details of the
underlying infrastructure from users and applications by
providing very simple graphical interface or API (Applications
Programming Interface).
What is Cloud Computing? 3
In addition, the platform provides on demand services, that
are always on, anywhere, anytime and any place.
Pay for use and as needed, elastic(flexible)
scale up and down in capacity and functionalities
The hardware and software services are available to
general public, enterprises, corporations and businesses
markets
Cont… 4
Resource sharing in a pure plug and play model
that dramatically simplifies infrastructure
The two key advantages of this model are ease
of-use and cost-effectiveness.
Though there remain questions on aspects such
as security…..
An Overview 5
Cloud computing is a computing paradigm, where
a large pool of systems are connected in private or
public networks, to provide dynamically scalable
infrastructure for application, data and file
storage.
With the advent(beginning) of this technology,
the cost of computation, application hosting,
content storage and delivery is reduced
significantly.
Cont.… 6
The idea of cloud computing is based on a very
fundamental principal of, reusability of IT capabilities'.
The difference that cloud computing brings compared to
traditional concepts of “grid computing”,
“distributed computing”, “utility computing”, or
“autonomic computing” is to broaden horizons across
organizational boundaries.
Cont… 7
Forrester defines cloud computing
as:
“A pool of abstracted, highly scalable, and
managed compute infrastructure capable
of hosting end-customer applications and
billed by consumption.”
8
Cloud Computing 9
Benefits
Some of the typical benefits are listed below:
1. Reduced Cost
There are a number of reasons to attribute Cloud
technology with lower costs.
The billing model is pay as per usage; the infrastructure
is not purchased thus lowering maintenance.
Initial
expense and recurring(periodic) expenses are
much lower than traditional computing
Cont.… 10
2. Increased Storage
With the massive Infrastructure that is offered
by Cloud providers today, storage & maintenance
of large volumes of data is a reality.
workload spikes(points) are also managed
effectively & efficiently, since the cloud can scale
dynamically.
Cont.… 11
3. Flexibility
This is an extremely important characteristic.
With enterprises having to adapt, even more
rapidly, to changing business conditions, speed to
deliver is critical.
Cloud computing stresses on getting applications
to market very quickly, by using the most
appropriate building blocks necessary for
deployment.
Cloud Computing Challenges 12
1) Data Protection
Data Security is a crucial element that warrants
analysis.
Enterprises are reluctant(unwilling) to buy an
assurance of business data security from vendors or
sellers. They fear losing data to competition and the
data confidentiality of consumers.
In many instances, the actual storage location is not
disclosed, adding onto the security concerns of
enterprises.
Cont...
13
In the existing models, firewalls across data
centers (owned by enterprises) protect this
sensitive information.
In the cloud model, Service providers are
responsible for maintaining data security and
enterprises would have to rely on them.
Cont.… 14
2. Data Recovery and Availability
All business applications have Service level agreements that are
stringently or strictly followed.
Operationalteams play a key role in management of service level
agreements and runtime governance of applications.
In production environments, operational teams support:
Data Replication System monitoring (Transactions monitoring,
logs monitoring and others)
Maintenance (Runtime Governance)
Disaster recovery Capacity and performance management
Cont.…
15
3. Management Capabilities
Despite there being multiple cloud providers, the
management of platform and infrastructure is still in its
infancy or beginning.
Features like „Auto-scaling‟ for example, are a
crucial requirement for many enterprises.
There is huge potential to improve on the scalability
and load balancing features provided today.
Cont.… 16
4. Regulatory(controlling) and Compliance
(agreement)Restrictions
In some of the European countries, Government
regulations do not allow customer's personal information
and other sensitive information to be physically located
outside the state or country.
In order to meet such requirements, cloud providers
need to setup a data center or a storage site exclusively
within the country to comply with regulations.
Having such an infrastructure may not always be
feasible and is a big challenge for cloud providers.
Cloud overview Summary 17
Cloud computing is an umbrella term used to refer to
Internet based development and services
A number of characteristics define cloud data,
applications services and infrastructure:
Remotely hosted: Services or data are hosted on remote
infrastructure.
Ubiquitous(universal): Services or data are available from
anywhere.
Commodified: The result is a utility computing model
similar to traditional that of traditional utilities, like gas
and electricity - you pay for what you would want!
Cloud Computing 18
Characteristics Common Characteristics:
Massive Scale Resilient/strong Computing
Homogeneity Geographic Distribution
Virtualization Service Orientation
Low Cost Software Advanced Security
Essential Characteristics:
On Demand Self-Service(pay per service)
Broad Network Access Rapid Elasticity(scalling)
Resource Pooling(combining) Measured Service
Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim
Grance
Cloud Computing Deployment 19
Models
Private cloud 20
Is one in which both the consumer of cloud services and
the provider of those services exist within the same
enterprise.
A private cloud is established for a specific group or
organization and limits access to just that group.
The ownership of the cloud assets(resource)
resides(located) within the same enterprise providing and
consuming cloud services.
Public cloud 21
The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for open use by
the general public.
A public cloud can be accessed by any subscriber with an
internet connection and access to the cloud space.
It may be owned, managed, and operated by a business,
academic, or government organization, or some
combination of them.
It exists on the premises of the cloud provider.
Community cloud 22
The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use
by a specific community of consumers from
organizations that have shared concerns.
A community cloud is shared among two or more
organizations that have similar cloud requirements.
It may be owned, managed, and operated by one or more
of the organizations in the community, a third party, or
some combination of them, and it may exist on or off
premises.
Hybrid cloud 23
Combines multiple elements of public and private
cloud, including any combination of providers and
consumers, and may also contain multiple service
layers.
A hybrid cloud is essentially a combination of at
least two clouds, where the clouds included are a
mixture of public, private, or community
Cloud Service Models 24
Software as a Platform as a Infrastructure as a
Service (SaaS) Service (PaaS) Service (IaaS)
SalesForce
CRM
LotusLive
Google
App
Engine
2
5
Infrastructure-as-a-Service
(IaaS)
26
A service model that involves outsourcing the basic infrastructure used to
support operations--including storage system, hardware, servers, datacenter
space and networking components etc..
provides basic storage and computing capabilities as standardized services
over the network.
The service provider owns the infrastructure equipment and is
responsible for housing, running, and maintaining it. The customer
typically pays on a per-use basis.
The customer uses their own platform (Windows, Unix), and
applications and would typically deploy his own software on the
infrastructure. Some common examples are Amazon, GoGrid, 3
Tera, etc
Platform-as-a-Service 27
(PaaS)
A service model that involves outsourcing the basic infrastructure and
platform (Windows, Unix)
PaaS facilitates deploying applications without the cost and complexity of
buying and managing the underlying hardware and software where the
applications are hosted.
The customer has the freedom to build his own applications, which run
on the provider‟s infrastructure.
PaaS providers offer a predefined combination of OS and application
servers, such as LAMP platform (Linux, Apache, MySql and PHP),
restricted J2EE, Ruby etc. Google‟s App Engine, Force.com, etc are
some of the popular PaaS examples
Software-as-a-Service 28
(SaaS)
Also referred to as “software on demand,” this service
model involves outsourcing the infrastructure,
platform, and software/applications.
Typically, these services are available to the customer
for a fee, pay-as-you-go, or a no charge model.
The customer accesses the applications over the
internet.
Cont.… 2
9
In this model, a complete application is offered to the
customer, as a service on demand.
A single instance of the service runs on the cloud &
multiple end users are serviced. On the customers‟ side,
there is no need for upfront investment in servers or
software licenses, while for the provider, the costs are
lowered,
since only a single application needs to be hosted &
maintained.
Today SaaS is offered by companies such as Google,
Salesforce, Microsoft, Zoho, etc.
Different Cloud Computing 30
Layers
reference
3
1 Bullet.
1. Lewis, Grace. Cloud Computing: Finding the Silver Lining, Not the Silver
http://www.sei.cmu.edu/newsitems/cloudcomputing.cfm (2009).
2. Lewis, Grace. Basics About Cloud Computing.
http://www.sei.cmu.edu/library/abstracts/whitepapers/cloudcomputingbasics.cfm
(2010).
3. Jansen, Wayne & Grance, Timothy. Guidelines on Security and Privacy in Public
Cloud Computing. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2011.
4. Strowd, Harrison & Lewis, Grace. T-Check in System-of-Systems Technologies:
Cloud Computing (CMU/SEI-2010-TN-009). Software Engineering Institute,
Carnegie Mellon University, 2010.
http://www.sei.cmu.edu/library/abstracts/reports/10tn009.cfm
