OS 102

1. What is OS?
2. What is Open Source?
3. Why Open Source?
4. Open Source vs. Closed Source
5. Criteria for Open Source
6. History of Open Source
7.How Open Source Works?
8.Open Source Development Model
9.Advantages of Open Source
10. Some Disadvantages of Open Source
11.Example of Open Source
12. License and Copyrights
13.Myths about Open Source
 LESSON 1: WHAT IS OS?

• An operating system is a program that

acts as an interface between the
computer user and computer hardware,
and controls the execution of programs.
i dentifies and configures physical and
logical devices for service and typically
records them in a standardized
structure, such as Windows Registry.
 OPERATING SYSTEM
• An operating system is a software package that
runs applications and serves as a communication
link (interface) between the computer hardware
and the user. The allocation of services and
resources, like devices, memory, processors, and
information, is the primary duty of an operating
system.
OPERATING SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS

DEVICE MANAGEMENT - Operating System manages device

communication via their respective drivers.
• Keeps tracks of all devices. I/O controller is responsible for this
task
• Decides which process gets the device when and for how much
time.
• Allocates the device in an efficient way.
• De-allocates devices.
FILE MANAGEMENT
• The operating system allocates and de-allocates resources. It
regulates which process gets the file and for what duration.
Also, it keeps track of information, location, uses, status etc.

• The collective facilities are often known as a file system. OS

also performs tasks like creating directories and files,
copying/moving them and renaming/deleting files.
MEMORY MANAGEMENT
• Memory management refers to the management of primary or
main memory. Main memory provides fast storage which can be
accessed directly by CPU.
• When the program is executed and finished, the memory area is
freed which can be used for other programs. Computer memory is
arranged such that fastest registers come 1st followed by the CPU
cache, random access memory, and then disk storage.
• The operating system’s memory manager coordinates the use of
various types of memory, which is to be allocated or de-allocated
and how to move data between them
PROCESS MANAGEMENT
• Every program running on a computer is a process
whether it is in the background or in frontend. The
operating system is responsible for making
multiple tasks to run at the same time
(multitasking).

• Operating system finds the status of processor and

processes, chooses job and its processor allocates
processor to process and de-allocates process
when it’s executed.
STORAGE MANAGEMENT

• Operating System controls all Storage Operations. Some of these

include – how to store data or files into the computers and how
users will access the files. The operating system is Responsible
for Storing and Accessing the Files. Creation of Files, Creation of
Directories and Reading and Writing the data of Files and
Directories and also Copy the contents of the Files and the
Directories from One Place to Another Place.
 TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM (OS) –
All different operating system types are listed below –
• Windows
• iOS
• MAC OS
• Ubuntu
• Novell Netware
• Unix
• Linux
MOBILE OPERATING SYSTEM-
• These are some of Mobile Operating System –

• iOS
• Symbian - Nokia
• Blackberry
• Windows
• Android OS
• Bada- Samsung
LESSON 2 - OPEN SOURCE
LESSON 2: THE OPEN SOURCE PLATFORM

• An open source platform is any platform that

allows access to its source code to any other
users or developers.
• Open source is generally much more
cost-effective than a proprietary solution.
Not only are open source solutions typically
much more inexpensive in an enterprise
environment for equivalent or superior
capability, but they also give enterprises
the ability to start small and scale (more on
that coming up).
CLOSE SOURCE

• With closed source software (also known as

proprietary software), the public is not given
access to the source code, so they can't see or
modify it in any way. But with open source
software, the source code is publicly available to
anyone who wants it, and programmers can read
or change that code if they desire.
OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE /
PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE
• (also known as proprietary software), the public is not given access to
the source code, so they can't see or modify it in any way. But with
open source software, the source code is publicly available to anyone
who wants it, and programmers can read or change that code if they
desire.
PROPRIETARY
SOFTWARE
• Proprietary software refers to software that is privately
owned, controlled, and distributed under specific licensing
terms that restrict users' rights to modify, distribute, or
access its underlying source code. Subset of non-free
software, a term defined in contrast to free and open-
source software; non-commercial licenses
What is proprietary system example?
• It's usually developed by individuals, companies or other
entities who maintain exclusive control over it. For
instance, Microsoft Office is a classic example of
proprietary software. As an user, you're allowed to use it,
but the source code behind it is not open for you to tinker
WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA FOR OPEN SOURCE
SOFTWARE?

• Distribution of License: The rights attached to the

program must apply to all to whom the program is
redistributed without the need for execution of an
additional license by those parties. License Must
Not Be Specific to a Product. License Must Not
Restrict Other Software. License Must Be
Technology Neutral.
WHAT ARE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OPEN
SOURCE?
• Open-source tools offer numerous
advantages for web developers, such as
enhanced flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and
a thriving community. However, it is crucial
to consider the potential drawbacks,
including the lack of official support, security
risks, and compatibility challenges.May 16,
2023
 DISADVANTAGES OF OPEN-SOURCE
•
SOFTWARE
Vulnerabilities Exposure. The source code is available for everyone,
cybercriminals can also easily find vulnerabilities in the code. ...
• Security. ...
• Warranty. ...
• Security Audit Process. ...
• Copyright. ...
• Operational Insufficiencies. ...
• Poor Developer Practices.
 WINDOWING SYSTEMS AND DESKTOPS

• Microsoft Windows is a group of several proprietary graphical operating

system families developed and marketed by Microsoft. Each family
caters to a certain sector of the computing industry. For instance,
Windows NT for consumer and corporate desktops, Windows Server for
servers, and Windows IoT for embedded systems. Defunct Windows
families include Windows 9x, Windows Mobile, Windows Phone, and
Windows Embedded Compact.
 GNOME
• GNU Network Object Model
Environment, pronounced gah-
NOHM) is a graphical user
interface (GUI) and set of
computer desktop applications
for users of the Linux operating
system.
 HOME - KDE COMMUNITY

KDE is an open community

of friendly people who want
to create a world in which
everyone has control over
their digital life and enjoys
freedom and privacy.
WHAT IS GIMP USED FOR?

• GIMP is an acronym for

GNU Image
Manipulation Program.
It is a freely distributed
program for such tasks
as photo retouching,
image composition and
image authoring.
 A SOFTWARE LICENSE
• is a document that provides legally
binding guidelines for the use and
distribution of software. Software
licenses typically provide end users with
the right to one or more copies of the
software without violating copyrights.
Do not allow for the sale of the original
software or its versions, while others
require you to “update” the initial code
base with the changes you make.
8 ADVANTAGES OF USING OPEN SOURCE IN
THE ENTERPRISE
• 1. Flexibility
• 2. Speed
• 3. Cost Effectiveness
• 4. Solid Information Security
• 5. Share Maintenance Costs
MYTH 1: OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE

• Myth 1: Open-source software is less secure than proprietary solutions.

The most prevalent misconception about open-source software is
traditionally tied to its security deficiencies. This tends to be based on
the number of vulnerabilities fixed during open-source projects
EXAMPLE OF OPENSOURCE
LESSON 3: LEGAL ISSUES IN OPEN SOURCE

• Lesson 3 Legal Issues in Open Source

• Copyrights
• Patents
• Contract and Licenses
 WHAT IS COPYRIGHT?

• Copyright is a type of
intellectual property that
protects original works of
authorship as soon as an
author fixes the work in a
tangible form of expression.
SOFTWARE LICENSE

• a software allowing users to use and

modify software products originally
developed by Apache. There are specific
requirements against redistribution and
patent infringement. Copyright is a type of
intellectual property that protects original
works of authorship as soon as an author
fixes the work in a tangible form of
expression
WHAT IS MEANT BY COPYRIGHT LAW?

• Copyright refers to the legal right of the owner of

intellectual property. In simpler terms, copyright is
the right to copy. This means that the original
creators of products and anyone they give
authorization to are the only ones with the
exclusive right to reproduce the work.
WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A COPYRIGHT LAW?

• Copyright Law | Overview, Definition & Rights -

Video ...
• Examples of copyrighted material include
architectural designs, books, song recordings,
dramatic works, choreography, sculptures, and
movies. When the Copyright Law of 1976 was
enacted, the law protected creative works as soon
as they were fixed in tangible form.
WHAT IS COPYRIGHT UNDER PHILIPPINE LAW?

• What is the duration of copyright protection? In the

Philippines, copyright protection for artistic, literary
and derivative works lasts during the lifetime of
the author plus 50 years after the author's death.
This term of protection also applies to posthumous
works.
WHO OWNS COPYRIGHT?

• Copyright is generally owned by the creator of the

work in the first instance. However, copyright
ownership depends on a number of different things
such as the type of work created or how the work
was created, for example by an employee as part
of their job. Determining who owns copyright in a
work can be complex.
WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF COPYRIGHT
LAW?

• Why is copyright important? The importance of

copyright is an essential component of the modern
educational experience. Copyright is important as
it helps to protect the value of an
author/academic/researchers work, by giving the
originator of the work the ability to protect it from
unlicensed or uncredited usage.
WHAT IS A PATENT?
WHAT IS A PATENT?

• A patent is an exclusive right granted for an invention, which

is a product or a process that provides, in general, a new way
of doing something, or offers a new technical solution to a
problem. To get a patent, technical information about the
invention must be disclosed to the public in a patent
application. Why is it called a patent?
• Definition. The word patent originates from the Latin patere,
which means "to lay open"
WHAT IS THE MAIN PURPOSE OF A PATENT?

• A patent gives you the right to stop others from

copying, manufacturing, selling or importing your
invention without your permission. See protecting
intellectual property. You get protection for a pre-
determined period, allowing you to keep
competitors at bay. You can then use your
invention yourself
LESSON 3: LEGAL ISSUES IN OPEN SOURCE

• Assignment: What are the legal issues open

source software
LESSON 4- LEGAL ISSUES IN OPEN SOURCE

• Basic of Proprietary Licenses

• Trade Secrets, Nondisclosure Agreements, Reverse Engineering, and
Obfuscation
• OSI – The Open Source Initiative
PROPRIETARY LICENSES

• Proprietary software refers to

software that is privately owned,
controlled, and distributed under
specific licensing terms that
restrict users' rights to modify,
distribute, or access its
underlying source code
TRADE SECRETS, NONDISCLOSURE
AGREEMENTS, REVERSE ENGINEERING, AND
OBFUSCATION
TRADE SECRETS
• Trade secrets are
intellectual
property (IP) rights
on confidential
information which
may be sold or
licensed