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Exponential Function Models - Annotated

The document explains exponential growth and provides formulas for calculating population changes over time using recursive and explicit forms. It includes examples such as fish population growth, college tuition increases, and Tacoma's population growth, illustrating how to apply the formulas. Additionally, it discusses a scenario involving M&M candies to demonstrate exponential decay.

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Coley Boyd
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19 views8 pages

Exponential Function Models - Annotated

The document explains exponential growth and provides formulas for calculating population changes over time using recursive and explicit forms. It includes examples such as fish population growth, college tuition increases, and Tacoma's population growth, illustrating how to apply the formulas. Additionally, it discusses a scenario involving M&M candies to demonstrate exponential decay.

Uploaded by

Coley Boyd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exponential Function

Models
MATH 1001 – Quantitative Skills and Reasoning
Introduction to Modeling Unit
pp. 182-188 in textbook

1
Exponential Growth
If a quantity starts at size P0 and grows by R% (written as a decimal, r)
every time period, then the quantity after n time periods can be
determined using either of these relations:
Recursive form: Pn = (1 + r) Pn – 1

Explicit form: Pn = P0(1 + r)n

We call r the growth rate.


The term (1 + r) is called the growth multiplier, or common ratio.
Example
Suppose that a lake began with 1,000 fish and 10% of the fish have surviving
offspring each year. Complete the following table using the explicit or recursive
form of the equation:
Year Population
Year 0 – starting Population 1,000
Year 1 1,100.00
Year 2 1,210.00
Year 3 1,331.00
Year 4 1,464.10
Year 5 1,610.51
Year 10 2,593.74
Year 20 6,727.50
Example (cont.)
Use your data from the table to sketch your data:
Example
A friend is using the equation Pn = $4,600(1.072)n to predict the annual tuition at a
local college. She says the formula is based on years after 2010. What does this
equation tell us?
The equation tells us the local college’s tuition has constantly increased by
0.072 or 7.2% every year since 2010.
Example
Tacoma's population in 2000 was about 200,000, and had been growing by about 9%
each year.
a) Write a recursive formula for the population of Tacoma.
growth rate = 9% = 0.09
growth multiplier = 1 +.09 = 1.09
Pn = 1.09 Pn – 1
b) Write an explicit formula for the population of Tacoma.
Pn = 200,000(1 + r)n = 200,000(1.09)n
c) If this trend continued, what was Tacoma's population in 2016?
n = 2016 – 2000 = 16
Pn = 200,000(1.09)16 = 794,061.18
Example
Suppose that you have a bowl of 500 M&M candies, and each day you eat ¼ of the candies
you have. Is the number of candies left changing linearly or exponentially?
a) Write an equation to model the number of candies left after n days.
Pn = 500(1 – 0.25)n = 500(.75)n
b) How many candies will you have left after one week?
P7 = 500(1 – 0.25)n = 500(.75)7 = 66.74
c) How many candies will you have left after ten days?
P10 = 500(.75)10= 28.16
d) How many candies will you have left after two weeks?
P14 = 500(.75)14= 8.91
e) How many candies will you have left after three weeks?
P21 = 500(.75)21= 1.19
Example (cont.)
e) Draw a sketch of your data.

f) Based on your data, when can you expect all of the M&M candies be eaten?
Approximately 22 days

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