Sampling
METHODS
HTTPS://RESEARCHMETHOD.NET/SAMPLING-METHODS/
Learning Outcomes
1 2 3
Students should be Students should be Students should be
able to define able to identify able to calculate the
essential concepts in different sampling sample size for a
sampling. methods. known population.
Sampling is a critical
process in research,
Definition of allowing researchers to
Terms
draw conclusions about
a larger population by
examining a smaller,
manageable subset.
Sampling
methods are
Definition of essential for
Terms
producing
reliable,
representative
data without
Sampling is the
process of selecting
Definition of a subset of
Terms
individuals or items
from a larger
population to make
inferences about
Researchers use
sampling to collect
Definition of data more
Terms
efficiently and to
generalize findings
to the entire group
without surveying
It refers to a
Definition of collection of
Terms individuals who share
one or more
POPULATION noteworthy traits
that are of interest to
the researcher. The
population may be all
the individuals
belonging to a
Definition of It is a small
Terms portion of
SAMPLE the
population
selected for
observation
Definition of It is the
Terms procedure of
SAMPLING getting a
small portion
of the
population
•
Advantages of It saves time, money,
Sampling and effort.
• It yields better
outcomes.
• It is faster, less
expensive, and more
cost-effective.
Advantages of • It is more
Sampling accurate.
• It provides more
comprehensive
information.
Types of Samplin
Methods
Probability Sampling
In probability sampling,
every individual or item
in the population has a
known, non-zero chance
of being selected.
Probability Sampling
This type of sampling
is often used when
researchers aim for
unbiased,
generalizable results.
Probability Sampling Methods
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING
All members of the population have an The population is split into different
equal chance at being chosen as part groups. People from each group will be
of the sample. randomly chosen to represent the
whole population.
SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING CLUSTER/AREA SAMPLING
The sample is drawn by randomly
Districts or blocks of a municipality or
selecting a starting number and then
a city which are part of the cluster
selecting every nth unit in arbitrary order
are randomly selected.
until the desired sample size is reached.
Probability Sampling Methods
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING
All members of the population have an The population is split into different
equal chance at being chosen as part groups. People from each group will be
of the sample. randomly chosen to represent the
whole population.
SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING CLUSTER/AREA SAMPLING
The sample is drawn by randomly
Districts or blocks of a municipality or
selecting a starting number and then
a city which are part of the cluster
selecting every nth unit in arbitrary order
are randomly selected.
until the desired sample size is reached.
Probability Sampling Methods
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING
All members of the population have an The population is split into different
equal chance at being chosen as part groups. People from each group will be
of the sample. randomly chosen to represent the
whole population.
SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING CLUSTER/AREA SAMPLING
The sample is drawn by randomly
Districts or blocks of a municipality or
selecting a starting number and then
a city which are part of the cluster
selecting every nth unit in arbitrary order
are randomly selected.
until the desired sample size is reached.
Probability Sampling Methods
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING
All members of the population have an The population is split into different
equal chance at being chosen as part groups. People from each group will be
of the sample. randomly chosen to represent the
whole population.
SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING CLUSTER/AREA SAMPLING
The sample is drawn by randomly
Districts or blocks of a municipality or
selecting a starting number and then
a city which are part of the cluster
selecting every nth unit in arbitrary order
are randomly selected.
until the desired sample size is reached.
Probability Sampling Methods
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING
All members of the population have an The population is split into different
equal chance at being chosen as part groups. People from each group will be
of the sample. randomly chosen to represent the
whole population.
SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING CLUSTER/AREA SAMPLING
The sample is drawn by randomly
Districts or blocks of a municipality or
selecting a starting number and then
a city which are part of the cluster
selecting every nth unit in arbitrary order
are randomly selected.
until the desired sample size is reached.
When to use...
SIMPLE RANDOM
SAMPLING
Use when you need a fully
representative sample,
especially if the population is
homogeneous and a sampling
frame is available.
When to use...
STRATIFIED RANDOM
SAMPLING
Best when studying specific
subgroups within a
population, as it ensures
representation across key
characteristics.
When to use...
SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING
Suitable when you have a
large population list and need
a simple yet systematic
approach, especially if the list
has no inherent order.
When to use...
CLUSTER/AREA SAMPLING
Useful for large,
geographically dispersed
populations; ideal when it’s
impractical to survey
individuals directly.
Non-Probability
Sampling
Participants are
intentionally selected
based on certain
identified factors.
Non-Probability
Sampling Methods
CONVENIENCE PURPOSIVE QUOTA SNOWBALL
SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING
Participants are Individuals with
Participants are
chosen for their specialized Participants are
selected based on
convenience and knowledge or chosen based on
pre-defined quotas
availability, rather expertise in a referrals or
to represent specific
than through a particular field are recommendations
characteristics or
random or selected to from existing
subgroups.
systematic selection participate in a participants.
process. study.
Non-Probability
Sampling Methods
CONVENIENCE PURPOSIVE QUOTA SNOWBALL
SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING
Participants are Individuals with
Participants are
chosen for their specialized Participants are
selected based on
convenience and knowledge or chosen based on
pre-defined quotas
availability, rather expertise in a referrals or
to represent specific
than through a particular field are recommendations
characteristics or
random or selected to from existing
subgroups.
systematic selection participate in a participants.
process. study.
Non-Probability
Sampling Methods
CONVENIENCE PURPOSIVE QUOTA SNOWBALL
SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING
Participants are Individuals with
Participants are
chosen for their specialized Participants are
selected based on
convenience and knowledge or chosen based on
pre-defined quotas
availability, rather expertise in a referrals or
to represent specific
than through a particular field are recommendations
characteristics or
random or selected to from existing
subgroups.
systematic selection participate in a participants.
process. study.
Non-Probability
Sampling Methods
CONVENIENCE PURPOSIVE QUOTA SNOWBALL
SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING
Participants are Individuals with
Participants are
chosen for their specialized Participants are
selected based on
convenience and knowledge or chosen based on
pre-defined quotas
availability, rather expertise in a referrals or
to represent specific
than through a particular field are recommendations
characteristics or
random or selected to from existing
subgroups.
systematic selection participate in a participants.
process. study.
Non-Probability
Sampling Methods
CONVENIENCE PURPOSIVE QUOTA SNOWBALL
SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING SAMPLING
Participants are Individuals with
Participants are
chosen for their specialized Participants are
selected based on
convenience and knowledge or chosen based on
pre-defined quotas
availability, rather expertise in a referrals or
to represent specific
than through a particular field are recommendations
characteristics or
random or selected to from existing
subgroups.
systematic selection participate in a participants.
process. study.
When to use...
CONVENIENCE SAMPLING
Ideal for exploratory
studies, pilot tests, or
when time and
resources are limited.
When to use...
PURPOSIVE SAMPLING
Best when studying a
specific, well-defined
population or a unique
group that directly relates
to the research question.
When to use...
QUOTA SAMPLING
Use when studying
demographic or categorical
diversity, especially when you
need specific representation
within the sample.
When to use...
SNOWBALL SAMPLING
Ideal for reaching
hidden, hard-to-reach,
or marginalized
populations.
Tips for Choosing
the Right
Sampling
Method
Tips for Choosing the Right Sampling Method
Define Your Research Goals:
Clarify whether you need a
representative sample or a
specific target group to
meet the objectives.
Tips for Choosing the Right Sampling Method
Consider Resources:
Time, budget, and
accessibility influence
the feasibility of
sampling methods.
Tips for Choosing the Right Sampling Method
Evaluate Population
Characteristics: Large, diverse
populations may require stratified
or cluster sampling, while
homogeneous populations might
benefit from simple random
Tips for Choosing the Right Sampling Method
Assess Generalizability:
If generalizing results to a
larger population is important,
prioritize probability sampling
methods.
Tips for Choosing the Right Sampling Method
Address Ethical Concerns:
Ensure ethical considerations
for sensitive populations,
especially when using
snowball or purposive
sampling.
Calculating the Sample Size
EXAMPLE
SLOVIN'S
N Determine the required sample size
FORMULA n=
(1+ for a population of 1500 , while maintaining a
margin of error of 5%.
Ne² )
Where: STEP 1 Fill in the values for N and e.
n = sample size 1,500
n=
N = total population ( 1 + 1,500 * 0.05² )
e = margin of error
STEP 2 Calculate the sample size and round the
result to the nearest whole number.
The formula is ideal for big populations.
n = 315.7
A margin of error of 5% is considered
Sample9 Size = 316
acceptable.
