EATING
DISORDER
Group 10
Aspillia • Solitana • Santiago • Magon
● ANOREXIA NERVOSA
● BULIMIA NERVOSA
EATING DISORDER
Eating Disorders describe illnesses that are characterized by irregular
eating habits and severe distress or concern about body weight or
shape. Eating disturbances may include inadequate or excessive food
intake which can ultimately damage an individual's well-being. The most
common forms of eating disorders include Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia
Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder and affect both females and males.
Eating disorders can develop during any stage in life but typically
appear during the teen years or young adulthood. Classified as a
medical illness, appropriate treatment can be highly effectual for many
of the specific types of eating disorders. Although these conditions are
treatable, the symptoms and consequences can be detrimental and
deadly if not addressed.
TYPES OF EATING DISORDERS:
• Anorexia Nervosa: Characterized by an obsessive fear of gaining weight, refusal to
maintain a healthy weight, and an unrealistic perception of body image. Individuals
severely restrict food intake, even when underweight, leading to health risks like brain
damage, organ failure, bone loss, heart problems, and infertility.
• Bulimia Nervosa: Involves repeated binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors
like vomiting, excessive exercise, or laxative use. Individuals feel unhappy with their body
size and shape, and the cycle often occurs in secret, causing shame and guilt. Health
consequences include gastrointestinal problems, dehydration, and heart issues.
• Binge Eating Disorder: Marked by loss of control over eating, without compensatory
behaviors like purging. This can lead to obesity and an increased risk of developing
conditions such as cardiovascular disease. Individuals often experience guilt, distress, and
embarrassment.
CAUSE OF EATING
DISORDERS
BIOLOGICAL CAUSES
Genetics: A family history of eating disorders may increase risk.
Brain chemistry: Imbalances in brain chemicals related to hunger,
stress, and reward.
Hormonal issues: Certain hormonal changes can trigger disordered
eating.
PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSES
Low self-esteem and body dissatisfaction.
Perfectionism and high levels of stress.
History of trauma, anxiety, or depression.
SOCIAL & CULTURAL CAUSES
Societal pressure to be thin or fit a certain body ideal.
Influence from media, social media, and peer pressure.
Family dynamics, such as high expectations or criticism about
weight.
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF AN
EATING DISORDER
A man or woman suffering from an
eating disorder may reveal several
signs and symptoms, some which
are:
Engaging in ritualistic eating pattern, Search us cutting food
into tiny pieces, Eating alone and/or hiding food.
Chronic dieting, despite being hazardously underweight
Constant weight fluctuations
Obsession with calories and fat content of food
Depression or lengthargic stage
TREATMENT FOR AN EATING DISORDER
Because of the severity and complexities of these conditions, a
comprehensive and professional treatment leam specializing in
eating disorders is oflen fundamental in establishing healing and
recovery. Treatment plans are utilized in addressing the many
conces a man or woman may be facing in the restoration of their
health and well-being and are often tailored to meet individual
needs. Treatment for an eating disorder is usually comprised with
one or more of the following and addressed with medical doctors,
nutritionists, and therapists for complete care:
Medical Care and Nutrition: This would
Monitoring: The involve weight
highest concer in the restoration and
treatment of eating stabilization, guidance
disorders is addressing for normal eating, and
any health issues that the integration of an
may have been a individualized meal
consequence of eating plan.
disordered behaviors.
Therapy: Different forms of Medications: Some
psychotherapy, such as individual, medications may be
family, or group, can be helpful in
effective in helping
addressing the underlying causes of
eating disorders. Therapy is a resolve mood or anxiety
fundamental piece of treatment symptoms that can
because it affords an individual in occur with an eating
recovery the opportunity to address
and heal from traumatic life events
disorder or in reducing
and leam healthier coping skills and binge-eating and
methods for expressing emotions, purging behaviors.
communicating and maintaining
healthy relationships.
Anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder
characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, a
distorted body image, and an extreme restriction of
food intake. Individuals with anorexia often see
themselves as overweight, even when they are
underweight, and may engage in behaviors such as
excessive exercise, calorie counting, and avoiding
certain foods.
Key features of anorexia nervosa include:
1.)Severe Weight Loss
2.)Intense Fear of Weight Gain
3.)Distorted Body Image
4.)Restrictive Eating
5.)Physical Symptoms
6.)Psychological Factors
Bulimia nervosa is a serious eating disorder
characterized by a cycle of binge eating followed
by compensatory behaviors to prevent weight
gain. Individuals with bulimia often feel a lack of
control during binge episodes, consuming large
amounts of food in a short period, and then
engage in behaviors such as self-induced
vomiting, excessive exercise, fasting, or misuse of
laxatives or diuretics.
Key aspects:
Binge Eating
Compensatory Behaviours
Self Evaluation
Physical and psychological Symptoms
Bulimia nervosa is primarily classified
into two major subtypes based on the
specific compensatory behaviors that
individuals engage in after binge
eating. These subtypes are:
Purging Type:
This is the most common subtype of bulimia
nervosa. Individuals with this type regularly engage
in purging behaviors to compensate for binge
eating.
Non-Purging Type:
Individuals with this subtype also engage in binge
eating but do not regularly use purging behaviors.
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
are both serious eating disorders, but
they have distinct characteristics,
behaviors, and underlying psychological
issues. Here are the key differences
between the two:
EATING BEHAVIORS:
Anorexia Nervosa:
Individuals with anorexia severely restrict their food intake and may avoid certain foods
altogether. They often have an intense fear of gaining weight and may see themselves
as overweight even when they are underweight.
Weight loss is a primary feature, and individuals may engage in excessive exercise to
further reduce their weight.
Bulimia Nervosa:
Individuals with bulimia engage in episodes of binge eating, where they consume large
amounts of food in a short period, often feeling a lack of control during these episodes.
After binge eating, they typically engage in compensatory behaviors to prevent weight
gain, such as self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, or misuse of laxatives.
BODY WEIGHT:
Anorexia Nervosa:
Individuals with anorexia are usually
significantly underweight for their age and
height. They may have a body mass index (BMI)
that is below the normal range.
BODY WEIGHT:
Bulimia Nervosa:
Individuals with bulimia may be of normal
weight, overweight, or underweight. Their
weight can fluctuate significantly due to the
cycles of binge eating and compensatory
behaviors.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS:
Anorexia Nervosa:
Anorexia is often associated with perfectionism,
a strong desire for control, and a distorted body
image. Individuals may have low self-esteem
and may be highly critical of themselves.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS:
Bulimia Nervosa:
Bulimia is often linked to emotional distress,
anxiety, and depression. Individuals may use
binge eating as a way to cope with negative
emotions, and the compensatory behaviors are
often driven by a fear of weight gain and a
desire to regain control.
PHYSICAL HEALTH
CONSEQUENCES:
Anorexia Nervosa:
The physical consequences of anorexia can be
severe and include malnutrition, electrolyte
imbalances, heart problems, osteoporosis, and
in extreme cases, can be life-threatening.
PHYSICAL HEALTH
CONSEQUENCES:
Bulimia Nervosa:
Bulimia can lead to health issues such as electrolyte
imbalances, gastrointestinal problems (including
esophageal damage from vomiting), dental erosion, and
heart complications. While it can also be life-
threatening, the immediate physical consequences may
differ from those of anorexia.
TREATMENT APPROACHES:
Anorexia Nervosa:
Treatment often focuses on restoring weight,
addressing nutritional deficiencies, and providing
psychological support to help individuals develop a
healthier relationship with food and body image.
TREATMENT APPROACHES:
Bulimia Nervosa:
Treatment typically involves addressing the binge-
purge cycle through cognitive-behavioral therapy
(CBT), nutritional counseling, and sometimes
medication to help manage symptoms of anxiety
and depression.
THANK YOU
