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Classes - and - Objects 14

The document explains the concepts of classes and objects in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), defining a class as a blueprint for creating objects and an object as an instance of a class. It provides examples of defining classes in Python, creating and using objects, and differentiating between instance and class methods. Additionally, it covers constructors and destructors, emphasizing the importance of understanding these concepts for effective OOP.

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Motuma Lalisa
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23 views7 pages

Classes - and - Objects 14

The document explains the concepts of classes and objects in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), defining a class as a blueprint for creating objects and an object as an instance of a class. It provides examples of defining classes in Python, creating and using objects, and differentiating between instance and class methods. Additionally, it covers constructors and destructors, emphasizing the importance of understanding these concepts for effective OOP.

Uploaded by

Motuma Lalisa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3.

2 Classes and Objects

Understanding the foundation of


Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
What are Classes and Objects?
• - **Class**: A blueprint for creating objects.
• - **Object**: An instance of a class with
attributes and behaviors.
• - Classes define properties (variables) and
methods (functions).
• - Objects store data and can perform actions.
Defining a Class in Python
• Example:

• class Car:
• def __init__(self, brand, model):
• self.brand = brand
• self.model = model

• def display_info(self):
• return f'{self.brand} {self.model}'

• my_car = Car('Toyota', 'Corolla')


• print(my_car.display_info()) # Output: Toyota Corolla
Creating and Using Objects
• - Objects are instances of a class.
• - Each object has its own attributes and can execute
class methods.
• - Example:

• car1 = Car('Ford', 'Mustang')


• car2 = Car('Honda', 'Civic')

• print(car1.display_info()) # Output: Ford Mustang


• print(car2.display_info()) # Output: Honda Civic
Class Methods vs Instance Methods
• - **Instance Methods**: Operate on individual object instances.
• - **Class Methods**: Use `@classmethod` and can modify class attributes.
• - Example:

• class Vehicle:
• total_vehicles = 0

• def __init__(self, type):


• self.type = type
• Vehicle.total_vehicles += 1

• @classmethod
• def get_total_vehicles(cls):
• return cls.total_vehicles

• print(Vehicle.get_total_vehicles()) # Output: 0
• v1 = Vehicle('Car')
• print(Vehicle.get_total_vehicles()) # Output: 1
Constructors and Destructors
• - **Constructor (`__init__`)**: Initializes an object.
• - **Destructor (`__del__`)**: Cleans up resources when an object is deleted.
• - Example:

• class Example:
• def __init__(self, name):
• self.name = name
• print(f'Object {name} created')

• def __del__(self):
• print(f'Object {self.name} deleted')

• obj = Example('Test')
• del obj # Output: Object Test deleted
Conclusion
• - **Classes** define the structure and
behavior of objects.
• - **Objects** are instances of a class that
store data and perform actions.
• - Understanding classes and objects is
essential for Object-Oriented Programming.

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