Business Mathematics

Lecture 8
Product and Quotient Rules

Prepared By: Dr C.S Marange & Mr R.T Chiruka

University of Fort Hare
Department of Statistics
Differentiation

Issues

1. Tutors
2. SI Sessions
3. Tutorial Test 1 (One)
B
Basic Rules of Differentiation;

1. Differentiating Products and Fractions Using

the Product and Quotient Rules
Recap
 Rule 1: The Power Rule

Rule 1: The Power Rule

 If n is any real number, then

d n
dx
 x  nx n 1
Rule 2: Derivative of a Constant

Rule 2: Derivative of a constant

d
c  0
dx
Rule 3: Derivative of a Constant Multiple Function

Rule 3: Derivative of a Constant Multiple Function

 If c is any constant real number, then

d d
 cf ( x )  c  f ( x )
dx dx
 Rule 4: The Sum Rule

Rule 4: The Sum Rule

d d d
 f ( x ) g ( x )    f ( x )    g ( x ) 
dx dx dx
Differentiating Exponential and
Logarithmic Functions

Special Cases
 Derivatives of the Exponential and
Logarithmic Functions

(i)
y e x (ii) y  ln x

1
 y e x  y 
x
In general

d f (x)
dx
e 
 f ( x )e f (x)

d f ( x )
ln f ( x )  
dx f ( x)
The Chain Rule

dy dy du
 
dx du dx
Differentiating Products and Fractions

The Product and Quotient Rules

 Rule 9: The Product Rule

 The derivative of the product of two differentiable

functions is given by

d du dv
 uv  v  u
dx dx dx
 Rule 9: The Product Rule

Practice Examples:
 Find the derivative of f ( x ) 2 x 2  1 x 3  3

dv du
v 2 x  1; 4 x; u  x  3;
2 3
3 x 2
dx dx
d 3 d
f ( x ) 2 x 2  1  x  3   x  3 2 x 2  1
3

dx dx

2 x 2  13x 2    x 3  34 x 

6 x 4  3x 2  4 x 4  12 x
 x 10 x 3  3x  12 
 Rule 9: The Product Rule

Practice Examples:
 Find the derivative of f ( x )  x 3  
x 1

3 dv 2 du 1  1 2
v  x ; 3 x ; u  x  1;  x
dx dx 2
d 1/2 d 3
f ( x )  x
3

dx
 x  1   x  1 x
1/2

dx
 1  1/2 
 x  x    x1/2  13x 2
3

2 
1
 x 5/2  3x 5/2  3x 2
2
7
 x 5/2  3x 2
2
Class Work

Exercise 2F
Find the derivative (solutions to follow)

1) f ( x)  x ( x  3)3

( x  5) 4
2) f ( x) 
x 3
Solutions
1
3
1) f ( x)  x ( x  3) x 2 (x  3)3

1
2 du 1
u x 
dx 2 x
3 dv
v ( x  3)  3( x  3) 2
dx

d du dv
 uv  v  u
dx dx dx

3 1 1
f ( x) ( x  3) .  x 2 .3( x  3) 2
2 x
( x  3)3
f ( x)   3 x ( x  3) 2
2 x
Solutions
( x  5) 4
2) f ( x)  ( x  5) 4 ( x  3)  1
x 3

4 du
u ( x  5)  4( x  5)3
dx
dv
v ( x  3)  1   ( x  3)  2
dx

d du dv
 uv  v  u
dx dx dx

f ( x) ( x  3)  1.4( x  5)3  ( x  5) 4 .  ( x  3)  2

4( x  5)3 ( x  5) 4
f ( x)  
( x  3) ( x  3) 2
 Rule 10: The Quotient Rule

 The derivative of the quotient of two differentiable

functions is given by
du dv
v  u
d u dx dx
 v 0 
dx  v   v
2
 Rule 10: The Quotient Rule

Practice Examples:
x
 Find the derivative of f ( x) 
2x  4
du dv
u  x; 1; v 2 x  4 ; 2
dx dx
d d
2 x  4  ( x )  x 2 x  4 
f ( x )  dx dx
2 x  4 
2


2 x  4 1  x 2 
 
2
2 x  4
2x  4  2x 4
 
2 x  4  2 x  4 
2 2
 Rule 10: The Quotient Rule

Practice Examples:
 Find the derivative of
x2 1
f ( x)  2
x 1
2 du 2 dv
u  x  1; 2 x; v  x  1; 2 x
dx dx
d 2 d 2
 x  1 dx x  1  x  1 dx x  1
2 2

f ( x ) 
 x  1
2 2


 
x 2
 1 2 x     12 x 
x 2

x  1
2 2

2 x3  2 x  2 x3  2 x 4x
 
x  1 x  1
2 2 2 2
Class Work
Find the derivative (solutions to follow)

x2
1) f ( x) 
x 3

ln(5 x  3)
2) f ( x) 
e 2 x 3
Solutions
x2
1) f ( x) 
x 3

du
u x 2  2 x
dx
dv
v x  3  1
dx

du dv
v u
d u dx dx

dx  v  v2
( x  3).2 x  x 2 .1
f ( x) 
( x  3) 2

2 x2  6 x  x2 x2  6 x x( x  6)
f ( x)  2
 2

( x  3) ( x  3) ( x  3) 2
Solutions
ln(5 x  3)
2) f ( x) 
e 2 x 3
du 5
u ln(5 x  3)  
dx 5 x  3
dv
v e 2 x 3  2.e2 x 3
dx
du dv
v u
d u dx dx

dx  v  v2
2 x 3 5
e .  ln(5 x  3).2e2 x 3
f ( x)  5x  3
( e 2 x 3 ) 2
5e2 x 3 2 x 3  5 
 2ln(5 x  3) 
 2e ln(5 x  3) 
f ( x)  5 x  3   5x  3 
( e 2 x 3 ) 2 e 2 x 3
Thank you