Networking & Content Delivery –

AWS Services Overview

Route 53, API Gateway, VPC, Subnets,
Route Tables, Security Groups, NAT
Gateway
By Ansh Jindal
Introduction to AWS Networking &
Content Delivery
• - AWS provides a range of networking and
content delivery services.
• - These services ensure high availability,
security, and low-latency application delivery.
• - Key services include Route 53, Amazon API
Gateway, and Amazon VPC.
• - Effective management of these services
allows seamless traffic control and security.
 Amazon Route 53 Overview
• - Route 53 is a scalable and highly available
DNS web service.
• - It routes user requests to AWS services like
EC2, S3, and other endpoints.
• - Supports public and private DNS hosting.
• - Provides traffic management and domain
registration.
 Route 53 Key Features
• - Domain Registration: Register and manage
domain names.
• - Traffic Flow Control: Apply different routing
policies to manage traffic.
• - Health Checks and Monitoring: Automatically
detect failures and trigger failovers.
 Route 53 Routing Policies
• - Simple Routing: Routes traffic to a single
resource.
• - Weighted Routing: Distributes traffic across
multiple resources with assigned weights.
• - Latency-Based Routing: Routes requests to
the region with the lowest latency.
• - Failover Routing: Automatically switches
traffic to a healthy endpoint.
• - Geolocation Routing: Routes traffic based on
user’s geographic location.
 Route 53 Use Cases
• - Hosting globally distributed websites with
low latency.
• - Implementing failover mechanisms to ensure
high availability.
• - Routing traffic intelligently based on business
requirements.
 Amazon API Gateway Overview
• - API Gateway is a fully managed service to
create, publish, and secure APIs.
• - It handles request routing, throttling, and API
version management.
• - Integrates seamlessly with AWS Lambda,
DynamoDB, and other AWS services.
• - Supports REST and WebSocket APIs.
 API Gateway Key Features
• - RESTful and WebSocket API support.
• - Request/Response transformation and traffic
management.
• - Security and Access Control with API keys
and authorization mechanisms.
 API Gateway Deployment Models
• - Edge-Optimized APIs: Requests routed
through Amazon CloudFront for low latency.
• - Regional APIs: APIs hosted within a specific
AWS region.
• - Private APIs: Accessible only within a VPC
through an interface endpoint.
 API Gateway Use Cases
• - Building serverless applications using AWS
Lambda.
• - Enabling secure microservices
communication.
• - Creating APIs for mobile and web
applications.
 Amazon VPC Overview
• - Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) allows
the provisioning of a logically isolated
network.
• - It offers control over IP address ranges,
subnets, and route tables.
• - Supports hybrid cloud architectures with
secure VPN or Direct Connect.
 VPC Components
• - CIDR Block Allocation: Defines IP address
space for the VPC.
• - Internet Gateway (IGW): Enables
communication between VPC and the
internet.
• - Elastic IPs (EIP): Provides static IP addresses
for external access.
 VPC Use Cases
• - Hosting secure and scalable web
applications.
• - Isolating workloads in private subnets.
• - Connecting on-premises infrastructure to
AWS using VPN or Direct Connect.
 VPC Subnets Overview
• - Subnets are logical divisions of a VPC’s IP
address space.
• - Public Subnets: Hosts resources that require
internet access.
• - Private Subnets: Hosts internal resources
with no direct internet access.
 Subnet Design Considerations
• - Choosing appropriate CIDR block size based
on application needs.
• - Distributing workloads across multiple
Availability Zones.
• - Ensuring redundancy and fault tolerance.
 Route Tables Overview
• - Route tables define how traffic is directed
within a VPC.
• - Main Route Table: Automatically associated
with all VPC subnets.
• - Custom Route Tables: Can be associated with
specific subnets for custom routing.
 Route Table Configuration
• - Associate public subnets with internet-facing
routes.
• - Add routes to connect private subnets
through a NAT Gateway.
• - Define VPN or Direct Connect routes for
hybrid cloud communication.
 Security Groups Overview
• - Security groups act as virtual firewalls for
controlling traffic.
• - They allow inbound and outbound rules to
manage traffic to instances.
• - Stateful by design – return traffic is
automatically allowed.
 Security Group Best Practices
• - Adopt the least privilege principle for
security group rules.
• - Regularly review and update
inbound/outbound rules.
• - Restrict public access where unnecessary.
 Security Group vs. NACLs
• - Security Groups: Stateful, applied at the
instance level.
• - NACLs (Network ACLs): Stateless, applied at
the subnet level.
• - NACLs allow defining fine-grained access
control lists.
 NAT Gateway Overview
• - NAT Gateway allows instances in private
subnets to access the internet securely.
• - Prevents inbound traffic while enabling
outbound traffic.
• - Provides high availability across multiple AZs.
 NAT Gateway Best Practices
• - Place the NAT Gateway in a public subnet.
• - Ensure high availability by configuring in
multiple AZs.
• - Monitor NAT Gateway usage to avoid
bottlenecks.
 Security and Compliance Best
Practices
• - Enforce least privilege principles in security
groups.
• - Enable VPC flow logs for security monitoring.
• - Periodically review route table and NAT
Gateway configurations.
 Comparison of Services
• - Route 53 vs. API Gateway – DNS vs. API
management.
• - Security Groups vs. NACLs – Stateful vs.
Stateless traffic control.
• - NAT Gateway vs. Internet Gateway –
Outbound vs. inbound internet access.
 Conclusion and Q&A
• - Recap of key AWS networking and content
delivery services.
• - Importance of secure and scalable
architectures.
• - Q&A session for addressing doubts.