MONTREAL
PROTOCOL
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BACKGROUND
The ozone layer shields the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV)
radiation.
In the 1970s and 1980s, scientists discovered that certain chemicals,
such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), were depleting the ozone layer.
This led to increased UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface, posing
significant risks to human health and the environment.
The Montreal Protocol was established in 1987 to address this urgent
issue.
INTRODUCTION
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The Protocol was signed in 1987 and entered into force in January 1989. The
protocol gives provisions to reduce the production and consumption of ODSs
to protect the ozone layer.
It phases down the use of ODSs in a stepwise, time-bound manner and It
gives different timetables for developing and developed countries.
Developing and developed countries have equal but differentiated
responsibilities..However, both groups of nations have time-bound, binding,
and measurable commitments under the protocol, making it effective.
Under the protocol, there is a provision for it to be amended and adjusted
according to the new scientific, economic, and technological advancements
made.
• Under the protocol, there is a provision for it to be amended and adjusted
according to the new scientific, economic, and technological advancements
made.
• The governance body for the protocol is the Meeting of the Parties.
Technical support is given by the Open-ended Working Group. Both meet
once every year.
• The Parties are aided by the Ozone Secretariat, which is based at the
headquarters of the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) at Nairobi.
• It has been ratified by 197 Parties (196 member states of the UN plus the
EU) making it the first United Nations treaty to be ratified by every country
in the world.
• The Multilateral Fund which was setup in 1991 provides financial and
technical assistance to developing member countries whose yearly per
capita consumption and production of ODSs is less than 0.3 kg.
SUCCESSES
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It has been considered the most successful international
environmental action taken by countries.
The Protocol has been successful in levelling off or decreasing the
atmospheric concentrations of the most important
chlorofluorocarbons and related chlorinated hydrocarbons.
The Protocol is also helping fight climate change because most of the
ODSs are also greenhouse gases.
With the Protocol, the ozone layer is expected to recover by the year
2050.
CHALLENGES
• Despite the successes, challenges remain in fully eliminating ozone-
depleting substances and ensuring compliance worldwide.
• Continued efforts are needed to monitor and enforce the protocol's
provisions.
• Additionally, as new substances with potential ozonedepleting
properties emerge, vigilance and scientific research are crucial.
• The international community must remain committed to preserving
the ozone layer and addressing the interconnected challenges of
climate change and sustainable development.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the Montreal Protocol represents a
remarkable international effort to protect the ozone layer
and has been highly successful in achieving its objectives.
It serves as a model for international cooperation in
addressing global environmental challenges and has also
contributed to mitigating climate change by addressing
substances that have both ozone-depleting and global
warming potential.
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THANK YOU
