MICROBIOLOGY
PRESENTATION
TUBERCULOSIS
• Tuberculosis (TB)1882 a Germany scientist Robert Koch Discovered the mycobacterium tuberculosis
bacteria identifying TB as an infection disease TB was historically called white death because of the pale
almost ghostly apperenace it causes suffering form the disease
WHAT IS TB?
• Tuberculosis tb is a disease caused by bacteria most often effecting the lungs it is a highly infection
disease.A communicable disease usually causes by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria T.B
generally effect the lungs but it can also effect other parts of the body ' such as a brain kindney bone
joint lump node and spine Tb also effect multiple part of the body at the same time
TYPE OF TB
• Type of TB Pulmonary TB The most common type effecting the lungs often cause cough Extrapulmonary
TB TB that effect organ other than the lungs such as the brain kindney bone or lymph nodes
STAGE OF INFECTION
• Primary : Exhibit symptoms to 1 or 2 week after inter of microorganisms.
• Latent : A form of TB where the bacteria are present but inactive and cause no symptoms making it
non- symptoms.
• Active TB: A communicable form of TB that causes symptoms and is detectable on the test
CAUSES OF TB
• 1) Mycobacterium tuberculosis it's a aerobic acid fast bacillus
• 2) close contact with infected person
• 3) immunocompromised
• 4) preexisting medical condition
• 5) living in overcrowded house
• 6) malnutrition
• 7) health care workers
SIGN & SYMPTOMS OF PULMONARY
TB
• 1)Cough more than 3
• 2) fever/chills / night sweats
• 4) weight lose
• 5) loss of appetite
• 6) fatigue
• 7) breathing difficult
• 8) pain of chest
• 9) fluid around the lung 10 enlarged tenden lymph nodes
SIGN & SYMPTOMS OF EXTRA
PULMONARY OF TB
• Lymph nodes
• Abdomen
• Bone
• Heat
• Kindney
• Brain Skin
• Incubation period: 4 to 12 weeks
• Source of Reservoir: Infected person and infected cow's milk
• Route of entry: Nose and throat inhalation
• Mode of transmission: Cough ' speaks 'dust particule' droplet One droplet 400 bacill Can suspend in
air for many hours
DIAGNOSTIC OF TUBERCULOSIS
• 1)Medical history
• 2) physical examination
• 3) tuberclin skin test (TSD) or mantoux
• 4) chest X-ray 5) sputum testing
PHARMACOLOGY TREATMENT OF
TUBERCULOSIS
Antitubercular drugs
• .
First line treatment. • Second line drugs
• Isoniazid • Capreomyin
• Rifampin • Cycloserine
• Pyrazinamide • Amikocin
• Ethambutol • Macrolides
• Streptomycin • Levofloxocin
PREVENTION
• Prevention::1)Vaccination BCG vaccine
• 2) infection control wear of marks
• 3)Early diagnosis
NURSING CARE
1. Educate the patient how and when to take the prescribed medication.
2. Tell the patient not to stop the medication unless he/she is told to do so.
• Tell the patient to come to the health institution if he/she develops drug side effects.
• Advice the patient on the importance of taking adequate and balanced diet and to eat what is
available at home.
• Involve the family in teaching on medication.
• Tell the patient that Rifampicin colors the urine orange.
