CDI 4 - TRAFFIC

MANAGEMENT AND ACCIDENT

INVESTIGATION WITH DRIVING
Prepared by: Kenneth H. Doria, RCrim
CDI4 – MIDTERM
PERIOD
TRAFFIC LAWS, RULES
AND REGULATIONS
 TRAFFIC LAWS, RULES AND
REGULATIONS
The standards of regulating movements on roads, streets and highways are found in
traffic laws, rules and regulations.
• In the Philippines, the mass of traffic laws, rules and regulations have their source
in:
• Presidential (P.D.s)
• Executive Orders (E.O.s)
• Letters of Instructions (L.O.Is)
• Administrative Orders
• Implementing Memoranda
• Other Special Laws relative to traffic operation and traffic law enforcement
As a traffic law enforcer, it is essential that you should be familiar with these rules
and regulations.
Republic Acts (R.A.s)
• R.A. 4136 -This Act shall be known as the "Land Transportation
and Traffic Code." This is the basic law regulating land
transportation in the Philippines. It has repealed Act No. 3992
(The Revised Motor Vehicle Law).
• R.A. 6539 - The Act which is known as the "Anti Carnapping Act
of 1972", the act preventing and penalizing carnapping.
• R.A. 5448 - Act imposing a tax on privately owned passenger
automobiles, motorcycles and scooters, and a science stamp
tax, to constitute a special science fund defining the programs,
projects and activities of science agencies to be financed
therefrom and for other purposes.
Republic Acts (R.A.s)
• R.A. 8749 - Also known as the "Clean Air Act" which
regulates emission of toxic gases of both gasoline and diesel
engines and bans the use of leaded gas for gasoline engines.
• R.A. 8750 - It provides for the attachment of seat belts for all
types of motor vehicles and imposes penalty for the non-
compliance thereof.
• R.A. 7924 - The Act creating the Metropolitan Manila
Development Authority, defining its powers and functions,
providing funds therefor and for other purposes.
Republic Acts (R.A.s)
• R.A. 8794 - The Act imposing penalties on overloaded motor
vehicles.
• R.A. 10586 - An Act penalizing person driving under the
influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs, and similar
substances, and for other purposes. It also repealed the
mandatory drug testing of driver's license applicants.
Presidential Decrees (P.D.s)
• P.D. No. 96 - Regulating the use of sirens, bells, horns, etc.,, by
prohibiting the attachment of any siren, horn bell, etc. on motor
vehicles which produce unusual or startling sounds as well as blinkers
and other similar devices unless the vehicle belongs to the AFP, NBI,
LTO, PNP, BJMP, Hospitals and Fire Departments and are specifically
intended for use in emergencies.
• P.D. No. 207 - Declaring as part of the laws of the Philippines the
Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, Signs and Signals.
 Presidential Decrees (P.D.s)
• P.D. No. 612 - Requiring compulsory insurance for all types of
motor vehicles against third party liability as an additional pre-
requisite for registration by the LTO.
• P.D. 1686 - Imposing a tax on every motor vehicle equipped
with air conditioner.
• P.D. 1181 - Providing for the abatement of air pollution from
motor vehicles and for other purposes
Presidential Decrees (P.D.s)
• P.D. 1605 - Granting the Metropolitan Manila Commission certain
powers related to traffic management and control in Metropolitan
Manila providing penalties, and for other purposes.
• P.D. 98 - Regulating the issuance of license plates of all motor
vehicles.
• P.D. 109 - Modifying P.D. 98.
Presidential Decrees (P.D.s)
• P.D. 1729 - Authorizing the Bureau of Land Transportation to dispose
of impounded motor vehicles unclaimed by owners for a certain
period of time.
• P.D. 1730 - Declaring the syndicated printing, manufacture,
distribution, possession or use of fake official Bureau of Land
Transportation forms, documents, plates and stickers as offenses
involving economic sabotage.
Letters of Instruction (L.O.I.s)
• L.O.I. No. 43 - Providing for the removal of all
impediments on roads, streets and highways
such as constructions, stalled or parked
vehicles and other movable property that
obstruct free passage.
• L.O.I. No. 112 - Prohibiting freight and cargo
trucks from using roads, highways and bridges
whose load capacities are in excess of specific
allowable limits.
Letters of Instruction (L.O.I.s)
• L.O.I. No. 229 - Requiring all motor vehicle
owners, users, or drivers to have in their
possession at all times while driving at least one
(1) pair of early warning device (EWD) for use
when the vehicle is disabled on roads, streets
and highways or other emergencies compelling
the vehicle to be stop position.
Memorandum Circulars
• M.C. 94-199 - Aide-memoir regarding retention and
authority by LTO to register motorized tricycles under
R.A. 4136, and guidelines to implement devolution of
LTFRB's Franchising Authority over TC's per R.A. 7160
issued by DOTC.
• M.C. 94-188 - Issuance of driver's license to disabled
persons.
• M.C. 94-192 - Diesel smoke emission test for motor
vehicles.
Memorandum Circulars
• M.C. 90-020 - Directing all public land transportation
service operators and drivers to display in any
conspicuous place of their vehicles the authorized fare
matrix for the specific route granted them to avoid
conflict.
• M.C. 93-011 - Enjoining all public utility operators to
use garage instead of public places or side streets in
parking their vehicles.
Executive Orders (E.O.s)
• E.O. 125 - Reorganizing the Department of Transportation and
Communications (DOTC), defining its powers and functions and for
other purposes.
• E.O. 202 - Creating the Land Transportation Franchising and
Regulatory Board (LTFRB)
• E.O. 248 - Empowering the Land Transportation Commission to
control and supervise the operations of motor vehicle driving schools.
 IMPORTANT
PROVISIONS OF R.A.
4136
IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF R.A.
4136
• In the Philippines, Traffic Law Enforcement is governed by
R.A. 4136. All other traffic ordinances by local government
units are based on this law or act and/or these ordinances
should not contradict any provisions of said law/act.
• Motor Vehicle - Shall mean any
vehicle propelled by any power
other than muscular power using
the public highways, but except:
• road rollers • vehicles which run only on rails or
• trolley cars tracks
• street-sweepers • tractors
• sprinkles • trailers and traction engines of all
kinds used exclusively for
• lawn mowers
agricultural purposes
• bulldozers
• graders
• fork-lifts,
• amphibian trucks
• cranes if not used in public
highways
• Passenger Automobiles - Shall mean all pneumatic
tire vehicles of types similar to those usually known
under the following terms: touring car, command
car, speedster, sports car, roadster, jeep, cycle car
(except motor wheel and similar small outfits which
are classified with motorcycles), coupe, landaulet,
closed car, limousine, cabriolet, and sedan.

• Take Note: The distinction between "passenger

truck" and "passenger automobile" shall be that of
common usage: Provided that a motor vehicle
registered for more than nine passengers shall be
classified as a "trucks".
• Articulated Vehicle. Shall mean any motor vehicle
with trailer having no front axle and so attached
that part of the trailer rests upon the motor vehicle
and a substantial part of the weight of the trailer
and of its load is borne by the motor vehicle. Such
trailer shall be called as "semi-trailer."
• Driver - shall mean every and any licensed operator of a motor
vehicle.
• Professional Driver – shall mean every and any driver hired or paid
for driving or operating a motor vehicle, whether for private use or for
hire to the public. Any driver driving his own motor vehicle for hire is
a professional driver.
• Owner - The actual legal owner of a motor vehicle, in whose name
such vehicle is duly registered with the LTO. The owner of a
government-owned motor vehicle is the head of the office or the
chief of the Bureau to which the said motor vehicle belongs.
• Dealer - Every person, association, partnership, or corporation
making, manufacturing, constructing, assembling, remodeling, or
setting up motor vehicles; and every such entity acting as agent for
the sale of one or more makes, styles, or kinds of motor vehicles,
dealing in motor vehicles, keeping the same in stock or selling same
or handling with a view to trading same.
• Garage - Any building in which two or more motor vehicles, either
with or without drivers, are kept ready for hire to the public, but shall
not include street stands, public service stations, or other public
places designated by proper authority as parking spaces for motor
vehicles for hire while awaiting or soliciting business.
• Gross Weight - The measured weight of a motor vehicle plus the
maximum allowable carrying capacity in merchandise, freight and/or
passengers, as determined by the Commissioner of the LTO.
• Highways - Every public thoroughfare, public boulevard, driveway,
avenue, park, alley and callejon, but shall not include roadway upon
grounds owned by private persons, colleges, universities, or other
similar institutions.
• Parking or Parked - shall mean that a motor vehicle is parked or
parking if it has been brought to a stop on the shoulder or proper
edge of a highway, and remains inactive in that place or close thereto
for an appreciable period of time.
• Tourist - A foreigner who travels from place to place for pleasure or
culture.
Selected Provisions of R.A. 4136. The following provisions of
R.A. 4136 are the most common rules and regulations
violated by road users.
• Sec. 32. Exceeding Registered Capacity (Overloading).
Passengers, freight or cargo load of a motor vehicle
should not be more than its registered carrying capacity.
Conductors of public utility trucks or buses are held
liable for the overloading of vehicles under their charge.
• Cargo Carrying Devices. The construction of devices for
carrying cargo at the rear or sides of trucks may be
allowed, subject to the approval of the Commissioner,
but the total net weight of the device, including cargo,
must not exceed 100 Kilos (Sec. 32,A).
Sec. 32. Exceeding Registered Capacity
(Overloading)
• Riding on Top of the Motor Vehicle. Passengers
shall not be allowed to ride on top of motor
vehicles, but baggage or freight may be carried on
top of the truck, provided that the weight thereof is
not more than 20 kilos per square meter distributed
in such a way as not to endanger passengers or the
vehicle's stability (Sec. 32,B).
• Riding on Running Board. It is strictly prohibited,
except for conductors collecting passenger fare
(Sec. 32,C)
• Sec. 34. Required Motor Vehicle Accessories. vehicles when
operated on a traffic way should have the Every motor
following specified accessories:
• A. Tires of motor vehicles. - No motor vehicle with metallic tires
shall be operated upon any public highway, and solid tires whenever
used shall be of sufficient thickness to prevent the metal rims
thereof from coming in direct contact with the road
• B. Brakes - Every motor vehicle with four or more wheels shall be
provided with dual hydraulic brake system so that in case of
hydraulic line failure affecting the braking efficiency of any of the
four wheels at least either the front or rear wheels shall retain
normal braking capabilities.
• B-1 Horns. - Every motor vehicle shall be provided with a horn or
signaling devise in good working order: Provided, however, That no
horn or signaling device emitting an exceptionally loud, startling, or
disagreeable sound shall be installed or used on any motor vehicle.
• C. Headlights. - Every motor vehicle of more than one meter
of projected width, while in use on any public highway shall
bear two headlights, one on each side, with white or
yellowish light visible from the front, which, not later than
one-half hour after sunset and until at least one-half four
before sunrise and whenever weather conditions so require,
shall both be lighted.
• D. Taillights. - Every motor vehicle and trailer shall, during
the above-mentioned hours, also bear on each side in the
rear a lamp showing a red light visible at least one hundred
meters from the rear of the vehicle and a lamp throwing a
white light upon the number plate issued for such vehicle.
• E. Stop lights. - Every motor vehicle shall be equipped at the
rear with at least one lamp which shall throw a sustained
bright red light visible under all conditions, even under bright
sunlight, when the brakes are applied.
• Windshield wiper. - Every motor vehicle shall be equipped
with a mechanically or electrically operated device for wiping
off raindrops or other moisture from its front windshield.
• Use of red flag. - Whenever the load of any vehicle extends
more than one meter beyond the bed or body thereof, there
shall be displayed at every projecting end of such load a red
flag not less than thirty centimeters both in length and width,
except that during the hours fixed under subsection (c), there
shall be displayed, in lieu of the required red flags, red lights
visible at least fifty meters away.
• Mufflers. - Every motor vehicle propelled by an internal
combustion engine shall be equipped with a muffler, and
whenever said motor vehicle passes through a street of any
city, municipality, or thickly populated district or barrio, the
muffler shall not be cut out or disconnected. No motor vehicle
shall be operated in such a manner as to cause it to emit or
make any unnecessary or disagreeable odor, smoke or noise.
• Sec. 51. Hitching on to a Vehicle. The following
practices prohibited:
a) Hanging on to or riding on the outside or rear end of any
vehicle.
b) Holding on to any moving vehicle whether on foot or
otherwise.
c) Driver allowing any person to hang on to or ride outside
of or at the rear end of the vehicle
• Sec. 53. Driving While under the Influence of Liquor or
Other Prohibited Drugs
• RA 10586 - This Act shall be known as the "Anti-Drunk
and Drugged Driving Act of 2013″.
• a. If the violation of Section 5 did not result in physical
injuries or homicide, the penalty of three (3) months
imprisonment, and a fine ranging from Twenty thousand
pesos (Php20,000.00) to Eighty thousand pesos
(Php80,000.00) shall be imposed;
• b. If the violation of Section 5 resulted in physical injuries, the
penalty provided in Article 263 of the Revised Penal Code or
the penalty provided in the next preceding subparagraph,
whichever is higher, and a fine ranging from One hundred
thousand pesos (Php100,000.00) to Two hundred thousand
pesos (Php200,000.00) shall be imposed;
• RA 10586 - This Act shall be known as the "Anti-Drunk and Drugged
Driving Act of 2013″.
• c. If the violation of Section 5 resulted in homicide, the penalty provided in
Article 249 of the Revised Penal Code and a fine ranging from Three hundred
thousand pesos (Php300,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(Php500,000.00) shall be imposed;
• d. The nonprofessional driver’s license of any person found to have violated
Section 5 of this Act shall also be confiscated and suspended for a period of
twelve (12) months for the first conviction and perpetually revoked for the
second conviction. The professional driver’s license of any person found to
have violated Section 5 of this Act shall also be confiscated and perpetually
revoked for the first conviction. The perpetual revocation of a driver’s license
shall disqualify the person from being granted any kind of driver’s license
thereafter.
• Sec. 54. Obstruction of Traffic.
Obstruction of traffic by operating a
motor vehicle in such a manner as to
obstruct, block, or impede the passage of
another vehicle is prohibited. This
prohibition applies even when
discharging or loading passengers
• Sec. 55. Duties of Driver in Case of Accident. In the
event that any accident should occur as a result of
the operation of a motor vehicle upon a highway,
the driver shall observe the following:
a) Stop immediately.
b) Show his driver's license to inspecting traffic law
enforcer.
c) Give his true name and address, including that of the
owner of the vehicle.
d) Assist injured persons.
e) Take measures to protect belongings of passengers.
f) Report the accident
Classification of Registered
Motor Vehicles
• 1. Private (not for hire) - These are motor vehicles
used for the personal use of their owners.

• 2. Public Utility Vehicles (PUV a.k.a. for hire) -

These are registered primarily for the conveyance
of passengers and other commercial goods, i.e.,
passenger jeepneys, taxi cabs, etc.
Classification of Registered
Motor Vehicles
• 3. Government - These are motor vehicles owned
by government offices and are used for official
purposes only.

• 4. Diplomat - These are issued to foreign diplomats

and consuls assigned in the Philippines.
• Plate Numbers - Upon registration, motor
vehicles are assigned with plate numbers.
The letter and numeral prefixes as well as
the assigned colors are based on the date
and place of registrations and purpose of
the registered motor vehicle.
Plate Numbers
• Private or not for hire MVS - Green
with white background, on newer
vehicles, the first letter usually
indicates the region where the vehicle
is registered.

• Public Utility Vehicles or for-hire MVS

- Black with yellow background
Plate Numbers
• Government MVS - Red (maroon) with white
background - usually starts with letter "S."

• Diplomatic or other exempted MVS Blue characters

on a white background plates reserved for
diplomats, embassy and consulate officials, country
ambassadors and some expatriates such as
scientists and researchers at the International Rice
Research Institute (IRRI), in the form of five or six
digits.
Plate Numbers
• Trailers - These have yellow or green plates that mostly
have either "U" (Private) or "Z" (For Hire) in the middle of
the letter block.
• Electric vehicles - orange plates are used (white symbols
on orange background).
Plate Numbers
• Motorcycles - Private motorcycles have green characters
on a white background with the letters "MC" stamped on
the upper left-hand corner next to the registration sticker.

• Tricycles - Private has green characters on a white

background with the letters "MC" stamped on the upper
left-hand corner next to the registration sticker. This is
very rare since tricycles are usually bought for for-hire.
For the public utility, it has black characters on a yellow
background with the letters "TC" stamped on the upper
right-hand corner next to the registration sticker.
Plate Numbers
• Department of Tourism (DOT) accredited vehicles –
These are usually tour buses and airport taxis which
are issued with plates that look similar to those of
private vehicles, but have yellow highlights mixed
with the green color and share the same first letter
of current PUVs plates. A must special sticker
indicating that they are DOT-accredited is placed on
the rear windows.
• Optional Motor Vehicle Special Plates (OMVSP) - A
project of the LTO since 2004, in the form of 3-letter
2-number. e.g. DGD 24
Personalized (Vanity) plates
• Personalized (Vanity) plates - Anyone desiring to have his
own personalized must consider the following:
a) Uniqueness - the plate does not have a registered
duplicate anywhere else in the Philippines.
b) It should not have the same format as government
vehicles.
c) Price :
Premium Edition (Ex. 111 ABC) - PhP 15,000.00
Select Edition (Ex. DARLIT) - PhP 10.000.00
• Commemorative plate - These special plate numbers are
issued for specific purposes such as government projects
and programs. Fund-raising for government projects and
programs.
NEW PLATE NUMBER COLOR
CODING
Geographical Designations of
Plate Numbers
• Geographical designations of registered motor vehicles can be
determined by the beginning letter.
FIRS LETTER REGION
A 1 (Ilocos) and (CAR)
B 2 (Cagayan Valley)
C,R,W 3 (Central Luzon)
D/V 4A/4B (CALABARZON/MIMAROPA)
E 5 (Bicol Region)
F 6 (Western Visayas)
Geographical Designations of
Plate Numbers
FIRS LETTER REGION
G/Y 7 (Central Visayas)
H 8 (Eastern Visayas)
J 9 (Zamboanga Peninsula and ARMM)
K 10/13 (Northern Mindanao and CARAGA)
L 11 (DAVAO)
M 12 (SOCCSSARGEN)
N,P,T,U,X,Z NCR

Note: I,O,Q are previously not used to avoid

confusion with numbers “1” and “0”
 • Schedule of Registration - Registration of motor vehicles should be
done annually which follows the numerical suffixes of their plate
number.

Last Digit of Plate Middle Digit of Plate Weekly Deadline

Number Number (working days of the
month only)
1- Jan 6- Jun 123 12 3 4 5 6 7
2- Feb 7- Jul 456 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
3- Mar 8- Aug 78 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
4- Apr 9- Sep 90 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
5- May 0- Oct 29 30 31
• Example: Plate Number - TNG 984

• The above motor vehicle shall be registered in April every

year because the last digit is "4" and the day of registration
falls in April 15-21 since the middle digit is "8".
• Protocol Plate Numbers - These are special plate numbers for high-
ranking government officials as manifestation of courtesy towards
them or their respective positions or offices.
 1 - President
 2- Vice President
 3-Senate President
 4-Speaker of the House of Representatives
 5-Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
 6-Cabinet Secretaries
 7-Senators
 8-Representatives (Congressmen)
 9-Associate Justices of the Supreme Court
 10-Presiding Justice and other Justices of the Court of Appeals,
Solicitor-General (OSG formerly 13.)
 11-Chairman of the Commission on Elections
 12-Cabinet Undersecretary
 13-Solicitor General
 14- Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and Chief
of the Philippine National Police
 16- Regional Trial Court Judges
 17 - First Level Courts (Metropolitan Trial Court, Municipal Trial
Court, Municipal Trial Court in Cities and Shari'ah Circuit courts),
added by Memorandum Order No. 297 signed by President Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo on March 2, 2009.
 PROVISIONS ON
DRIVER'S LICENSES
CONCEPT:
• Driving a motor vehicle in the Philippines as in other countries is NOT
a right but a privilege granted by the Philippine Government through
the LTO based on Republic Act 4136 and Batas Pambansa Blg. 398.

• Duty to Procure License - Sec. 19 of R.A. 4136 states that no person

shall operate any motor vehicle without first procuring a license to
drive for the current year. To be effective in the hands of its holder, it
must not be delinquent, invalid, suspended or revoked and should be
carried at all times and shall be shown or surrendered for cause when
demanded by a person authorized by RA 4136 to inspect the same.
Confiscation of Driver's License
• Confiscation of Driver's License - Sec. 29 of R.A. 4136 mandates that
a driver's license may be confiscated for violations of RA 4136, the
rules and regulations issued by the Commissioner and of local traffic
rules and regulations.
• When a driver's license is confiscated for any reason, the traffic
enforcer must, however, issue a receipt (Temporary Operator's Permit
(TOP)) which is good for 72 hours within which the driver may
continue to operate his vehicle. Failure to settle the case within 15
days will cause suspension or revocation of the license.
 TYPES OF LICENSES
1. Student Driver's Permit. This kind of document is issued to persons who
desire to learn how to drive. A student driver cannot operate a vehicle unless
accompanied by an instructor who may either be a licensed professional or
non-professional driver (Sec. 30, R.A. 4136).
• Student Driver’s Permit Requirements:
• Birth Certificate
• Payment receipts for corresponding fees
• At least 16 years of age
• Theoretical Driving Course (TDC) 15 hours (2020)
• Validity one year (renewable)
• After 30 days or 1 month he is eligible to apply for Non-professional Driver’s license
• 6months in case for Professional Driver’s License
 TYPES OF LICENSES
2. Non-Professional Driver's License. This kind of license is issued to
owners of privately-owned motor vehicles or those not for hire or paid for
driving (Effect of Sec. 3,e, R.A. 4136).
• Requirements:
• At least 17 years of age, For foreigners at least 17 years old
• Must pass the practical and written test given by the LTO
• For new applicant he must be a holder of student driver’s permit of not less than
30 days
• Passed the Practical Driving Course (PDC)
• Restriction: Can operate MV classified as private
• Validity: 3 years (RA 10930- now 5 years)
• Non renewal for 2 years shall subject the applicant to a written
examination
TYPES OF LICENSES
3. Professional Driver's License. This license is issued to a driver hired
or paid for driving or operating a motor vehicle whether private use or
for hire to the public.
• Requirements:
• At least 18 years old
• Holder of Student Driver’s Permit for at least 6 months (for new applicants)
• Must not have a record of two or more counts of driving recklessly
• Validity: 3 years (RA 10930- now 5 years)
• Non renewal for 2 years shall subject the applicant to a written
examination
TYPES OF LICENSES
• 4. International Driver's License. Bonafide tourists and transients
who are duly licensed to operate motor vehicles in their respective
countries may be allowed to operate motor vehicles during their stay
but not beyond 90 days of their sojourn in the Philippines (Sec. 21,
R.A. 4136).
• 5. Military Driver's License - this license type is issued by the Armed
Forces of the Philippines (AFP) to military personnel whom are
authorized to drive military vehicles only.
• Conductors' License - Conductors of public utility
vehicles are also mandated to procure their licenses
from the LTO.
• Conductor's License - is an authority embodied in a
form prescribed by the LTO. A person to assist the
driver of a public utility vehicle to collect fares
and/or to ensure the safety of the passengers
and/or cargo while the said vehicle is in operation.
Validity or Expiration of License
1. Student driver's permit - 12 months or one year
2. Non-Professional and Professional Drivers' Licenses and,
Conductors' License - 3 years
3. International Driver's License for Tourists - 90 days
THE CONDUCTOR
• The conductor is responsible for the loading of
numbers passengers, freight or cargo inside his
public utility motor vehicle.
• He shall be held exclusively liable if he allows
more passengers or more freight or cargo in his
public utility vehicle.
Drivers' Examination
• The Written Examination. Written examinations will contain questions
concerning proper driving procedures, road rules and regulations,
emergency procedures, etc.. Number of questions will be as follows:
a. Non-Professional License 40 questions
b. Professional License - 60 questions
Examinees will have to pass the written examination with the following
marks:
c. Non-Professional - 30 out of 40 questions
d. Professional - 45 out of 60 questions
TAKE NOTE: Before each examination, a DRIVING SKILL RATER will provide
a 30-minute lecture about traffic rules and other driver information as a
"review" for the applicants.
Drivers' Examination
• The Road Test. The actual road test will be
undertaken under the auspices of a "DRIVING
SKILL RATER". This actual road test will have to be
scheduled in advance and the applicant will have
to provide the vehicle in which the road test will
be conducted. The applicant should make sure that
the vehicle to be used is in proper working
condition and is currently registered.
• During the road test, the applicant will be rated according to his
proficiency on the following aspects:
a) That the applicant is aware of and capable of performing a check on the
primary components of the vehicle such as the engine, the tires, the
battery, lights, windshield wipers, brakes, transmission and clutch, etc.
b) Proper use and correct positioning of the hands on the steering wheel.
c) Proper engine control and use of the gear shift lever and the foot pedals.
d) Proper speed control and observance and practice of road discipline.
e) Proper knowledge and interpretation of road signs and markings.
f) Proper turning procedures.
g) Proper backing procedures.
h) Proper parking procedures.
 The Road Test
• The applicant will be credited with a score of
100 points at the start of the road test. Each
infraction or unsatisfactory performance will
be listed down on a ROAD TEST SCORE SHEET
and the corresponding deductions made at the
end of the test. Passing grade will be 70 points
or a total possible deduction of 30 points.
• Mandatory Drug Test. It is mandatory to all
drivers' license applicants except for student
driver's permit to pass a drug test conducted by
duly LTO accredited drug testing centers.
(Repealed by RA 10586)
DRIVER’S RESTRICTION CODE
• Now called as DRIVER’S LICENSE CODE (DL CODE)
• DL CODE – refers to the collective code representing the vehicle
category/ies that a licensed person is allowed.
• Vehicle Category – refers to a motor vehicle category as specified in
the Philippine National Standard on Road Vehicle Classification and
Definition.
RESTRICTION CODE (OLD)
• 1 is limited to a motorcycle/tricycle.
• 2 vehicle up to GVW of 4500 Kgs
• 3 vehicle with GVW above 4500 Kgs
• 4 automatic clutch up to 4500 Kgs GVW
• 5 automatic clutch above 4500 Kgs GVW
• 6 articulated vehicle 1600 Kgs GVW & below
• 7 articulated vehicle 1601 up to 4500 Kgs GVW
• 8 articulated vehicle 4501 kgs & above GVW
• 9 disabled
Gross Vehicle Weight
• Refers to the maximum operating weight of a vehicle as
specified by the manufacturer including the vehicle’s chassis,
body, engine fluids, fuel, accessories, driver, passengers and
cargo but excluding that of any trailers.
Driver’s License Code
A – Motorcycles
A1- Tricycles
B – vehicles weighing up to 5,000 kg GVW with 8 seats
B1 - vehicles weighing up to 5,000 kg GVW with 9 or more seats
B2 – Truck Goods less than or equal 3,500 kg GVW
C – Goods more than 3,500 kg GVW
D – Buses more than 5,000 kg with 9 or more seats
BE – Trailers less than or equal to 3,500 kg GVW
CE – Articulated vehicles with more than 3,500 kg combined GVW
On the right side of the Drivers License Codes are the updated Vehicle
Categories that range from:
• L1 to L7 for motorcycles, tricycles (specifically three and four
wheelers)
• M1,M2, and N1 for vehicles up to 3,500 and 5,000 GVW for carrying
goods or people
• N2 and N3 for vehicles more than 3,500 kg GVW for carrying goods
• M3 for buses above 5,000 GVW with more than 8 passengers seats
• 01 for articulated vehicles less than 750 kg GVW
• 02 for articulated vehicles up to 3,500 kg GVW
• 03 and 04 for articulated vehicles of more than 3,500 GVW
Drivers' Condition.
The conditions for driver's license holder while operating a motor
vehicle are indicated as follows:
1 – WEAR CORRECTIVE LENSES
2 – DRIVE ONLY WITH SPECIAL EQUIPMENT FOR UPPER/LOWER LIMBS
3 – DRIVE CUSTOMIZED MOTOR VEHICLE ONLY
4 – DAYLIGHT DRIVING ONLY
5 – HEARING AID REQUIRED
Furthermore, you may also encounter the following acronyms in your
Driver’s License:
Clutch:
• Automatic (AT) – means the license holder can only drive automatic
vehicles.
• Manual (MT) – means the license holder can drive manual, semi-
automatic, and automatic vehicles.

Driver’s License Classification:

• NPL– Non-Professional Driver’s License
• PL– Professional Driver’s License
SPEED LIMIT
Speed limits uniform throughout the
Philippines.
• No provincial city or municipal authority
shall enact or enforce any ordinance or
resolution specifying maximum allowable
speed by RA 4136.
Speed Limits (for cars and
motorcycles)
• Speed limit signs are not always displayed on the roads, however, the
following generally applies:
• Expressway: 100 km/h
• National and provincial road: 80 km/h
• Through streets or boulevards, clear of traffic: 40 km/h
• City or municipal roads, with light traffic: 30 km/h
• Crowded streets, school zones, road where drivers must pass
stationary vehicles: 20 km/h
PARKING
Drivers are prohibited to park in any of the following places:
• At intersection
• On a pedestrian crosswalks
• Within five meters of an intersection
• Within four meters of a driveway entrance and fire stations, clinics,
and other similar establishment
• Within four meters of a fire hydrant
• In a front of a private driveway
• On the roadway side of any legally parked vehicle
• At any place where no parking signs have been installed
Drink Driving
• In the Philippines, it is against the law for any
person to drive a motor vehicle while under
the influence of alcohol and/or dangerous
drugs. The law limits the permitted blood
alcohol level to below 0.05 percent.
LATERAL PLACEMENT
• The lateral placement of vehicle can be
defined as the lateral distance from the
centerline or outer edge of the road to the
front tire of the vehicle.
• The proper positioning of the motor vehicle
while traversing on a traffic way or parked in
the Philippines.