GRAPHIC LANGUAGE
AND THE
DESIGN PROCESS
GRAPHIC LANGUAGE
AND THE DESIGN PROCESS
Design phase Graphic product
1. Program 1. Written program
development
2. Inventory and 2. Site Analysis
analysis drawings
3. Conceptual design 3. Concept plans and
sketches
4. Design development 4. Presentation
drawings
5. Final design 5. Implementation
documents
INVENTORIY - VEGETATION
INVENTORIY – WILD LIFE
SITE ANALYSIS
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
CONCEPT PLAN
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT SKETCH
Grading plan shows earth movement, drainage and
spot elevations of structures
Planting plans usually identify each plant by its common
name and its botanical name. Sizes and quantities are also
important
Use 6B pencil, felt tip
markers or colored
markers
For toning areas
For directional signatures
For narrower lines
Vertical and horizontal
strokes joined in a
continuous movement.
Parallel or radiating strokes
of consistent width –
effective symbols for
NON -LINEAL SYMBOLS
Activity areas, use zones,
functional spaces
Buildings and structures
Focal areas, points of
interest, conflict zones
Activity or circulation
nodes
STATIC LINEAL SYMBOLS
Functional edges:
Barriers,
Screens,
Walls
Noise zones
Ecological edges:
Forested areas,
ACTIVE LINEAL SYMBOLS
Automobile circulation
Pedestrian circulation
Access points
View direction
Wind direction
Ecological processes
Movement of anything
SYMBOLS
USED IN
LANDSCAPE
WORKING
DRAWINGS
SYMBOLS
USED IN
LANDSCAPE
WORKING
DRAWINGS
MATERIAL
SYMBOLS
NORTH
INDICATORS
QUICK
TREES
•Trees should be
drawn at 2/3 to ¾ of
their mature ultimate
spread.
Always use a light
guide line and show
the center of the tree.
QUICK TREES
QUICK TREES
Open
branching
with small
circles or
triangles
suggests
leaves
TREES
WITH FOLIAGE
TEXTURE
Flower
•A simple shape is
doodles
repeated around the Square shaped
edge to give an doodles
appearance of
roundness. Star doodles
Leave a large area of Dots or stipple
each tree uncluttered
by detail.
marks
TREES
WITH FOLIAGE TEXTURE
TREES WITH
BRANCH
PATTERNS
•Good for winter effects
Easy to color
Five main branch spokes looks natural
Thickened center and gradually thins towards the edge
SEQUENCE FOR DRAWING
BRANCHED TREES
CONIFEROUS TREES
PLANT
GROUPS
represents forests
and groves of trees
at larger scales or
groups of shrubs at
smaller scales
TROPICAL
PLANTS
DECIDUOUS SHRUBS OR
TREE GROUPS
FINE TEXTURED
SHRUBS
GROUND
COVERS
Large areas – left
un-textured or shown with a
stipple pattern of dots near
the edges.
Smaller areas – a denser
tone is required, the patterns
can be as shown here.
Rows should be kept
horizontal and parallel and
make sure that successive
rows touch or overlap
slightly.
GROUND
COVERS
drawn free -
hand with no
horizontal
guides
TONE CONTRAST AND BALANCE
This is
time
consum-
ing and
should
be used
when the
plan
must
read well
without
color
LAYERING
L
A
N
D
-
F
O
R
M
Natural
waterways such
as ponds and
streams can be
left white. The
addition of
smooth flowing
lines near the
edges give a hint
of motion
Water falls and rapids
should be left white or
indicated with a few dots
If a toned surface is
desired for contrast, use
closely spaced, thin
parallel lines. Leave some
breaks
WATER
SURFACE
TEXTURE
PAVING
HARD SCAPE
PATTERNS
BUILDINGS
FREE HAND BUILDINGS
SHADOWS
FOR TREES
CHARACTERISTICS
OF A LANDSCAPE
SECTION
A bold prominent
profile line
All vertical features
drawn at the same
scale no matter how
far they are from the
profile line.
DRAWING A
SECTION FROM
A PLAN
USES OF LANDSCAPE
SECTIONS
To emphasize the importance of vertical
elements as they relate to activities and
use.
To communicate hidden elements in plan
view.
To analyze screening and views from
specific vantage points.
USES OF LANDSCAPE
SECTIONS
To study the landform
To illustrate landscape processes.
To demonstrate the importance of climate
and microclimate.
To use in lighting studies.
To show ecological relationships
To show the internal structure of a built
element.
To emphasize the importance of vertical elements
as they relate to activities and use.
To show people, activities, uses and the built environment,
it is best to keep the vertical scale and the horizontal scale
the same to avoid unrealistic distortions.
SECTION SKETCH
SECTION DRAWING
To communicate hidden
Caves, elements in plan view.
overhangs,
depths of
water, and
under ground
features are
some of the
elements that
are impossible
to show in plan
view.
To communicate hidden
elements in plan view.
To analyze screening and views
from specific vantage points.
These are called sight
line studies
To study the landform
On larger scale landscapes with subtle landforms, it is
sometimes helpful to exaggerate the landform by
scaling the vertical by 1.5 or 2.0 times the horizontal.
To illustrate landscape processes
To demonstrate the importance of
climate and microclimate.
To use in lighting studies
To show ecological relationships
To show the internal structure of a
built element.
OUTLINE TREES
OUTLINE TREES
OUTLINE TREES
OUTLINE TREES
OUTLINE TREES
OUTLINE TREES
OUTLINE TREES WITH
BRANCHING
OUTLINE TREES WITH
BRANCHING
BRANCHED TREES
BRANCHED TREES
FOLIAGE TEXTURE TREES
FOLIAGE TEXTURE TREES
CONIFER TEXTURE TREES
CONIFER TEXTURE TREES
TONED TREES
TONED TREES
TONED EVERGREEN TREES
TONED EVERGREEN TREES
TREE RUBBINGS
TREE RUBBINGS
SHRUBS
SHRUBS
TONED SHRUBS
TONED SHRUBS
DEVELOPMENT SKETCH
WATER
WATER
VERTICAL
PLANE
ELEMENTS
VERTICAL
PLANE
ELEMENTS
GROUND
PLANE
ELEMENTS
GROUND
PLANE
ELEMENTS
ASSIGNMENT 1
