SMART GRID
PRESENTED BY:
B.SRAVANI
1012003918
Smart Grid Technology
Introduction
Attributes of Smart Grid
Need of Smart Grid
Comparison
Interaction of Smart Grid
Components of Smart Grid
Advantages and Disadvantages of
Smart Grid
Conclusion
Introduction
What is a Smart Grid?
• A smart grid is an electrical grid that uses information and communications
technology to gather and act on information, such an information about the
behaviours of suppliers and consumers in an automated fashion to improve
the efficiency, reliability, economics and sustainability of the production and
distribution of electricity.
• In a smart grid central management centre controls all the units connected
to it making sure to operate them at the highest efficiencies.
• The central management centre does not only assist in better energy
management inside the facility but also it helps in reducing the electrical
consumption during peak times. This reduction is reflected as huge energy
savings.
Attributes of Smart Grid
Consumer Participation
Real Time Pricing
Distributed Generation
Power System Efficiency
New Products in terms of Value Added Services(VAS)
Better Energy Management
Real Time Monitoring
Automated Outage Management and Faster
Restoration
Wed portals and Mobile Apps
In-House Displays
Need Of Smart Grid
Presently, the Indian electricity system faces a number of challenges
such as:
• Shortage of Power
• Power Theft
• Poor access to electricity in rural areas
• Huge losses in the grid
• Inefficient Power Consumption
• Poor Reliability
To overcome these problems: Smart Grid is needed
Comparison Between Conventional Grid And Smart Grid
• Conventional Grid • Smart Grid
• Electromechanical • Digital
• One-Way Communication • Two-Way Communication
• Centralized Generation • Distributed Generation
• Few Sensors • Sensors throughout
• Manual monitoring • Self-Monitoring
• Manual Restoration • Self-Healing
• Failures and Blackouts • Adaptive and Islanding
• Limited Control • Pervasive Control
• Few Customer Choices • Manny Customer Choices
Interaction Of Smart Grid
Components of Smart Grid
Electric Vehicles
Smart Appliances
Electric vehicles
Smart Substations
Smart Meters
Distributed Generation Smart Substations
Phasor Measured Units
Integrated Communication
Sensing And Measuring Techniques
Smart Meters
Functions of Smart Meters:
• Data is collected from nodes, establishes the two-way
communication, analyse the data and based on analysis it
controls the controlling.
• The data is collected from the individual appliances and is
recorded at regular intervals of time.
• The data collected is stored in the memory and prioritisation
of the data is done for communicating to utility centre.
• The command signals can be received from the utility centre
and the smart meter plans for load scheduling and
controlling based on consumer choice.
• Automatic Billing can also be done using smart meters.
Phasor Measured Units (PMU)
PMUs provide a detailed and accurate view of power quality
across a wide geographic grid. The data collected tells the
system operator if the voltage, current, and frequency is staying
within specified tolerances. The capability is used in multiple
ways:
To improve the accuracy of modelling system conditions.
To predict and detect stress and instability on the grid.
To provide information for event analysis after a disturbance
has occurred.
To identify inefficiencies.
To predict and manage line congestion.
In recent years, tens of thousands of PMU’s have been installed
in transmission grids throughout the world. In some cases they
are also used in distribution grids. Coupled with smart
controllers, PMU offer the opportunity to replace typical hands-
on adjustments required by SCADA systems with a system that
make decisions and sends control signals autonomously.
Electrical Measurement Sensors:
• Basic Parameters Measured
1. Volage
2. Current
3. Time
• Derived Parameters
1. True power and RMS values-averaged
over cycle
2. Apparent power, Power factor and VAR*
3. Accumulated energy(watt-hour)
4. Minimum and Peak(e.g. voltage sag)
5. Harmonics, Sub-harmonics and flickers
6. Phase and Frequency
• Power Quality
• Metering
• Load monitoring
Advantages and Disadvantages of Smart Grid
Advantages Disadvantages
1.Improve accessibility by granting access to all 1. One drawback is that completely reforming the
customers and allow bidirectional power flow to existing electrical grid will be extremely
renewable resources. expensive and time consuming.
2.Increase system flexibility by implementing 2. Another drawback is that the real-time costs of
technologies that respond to customers’ needs smart meters may adversely affect specific
while responding to changes and challenges in the industries.
grid. 3. Along with the aforementioned two, the
3.Enhance system reliability by assuring the installation of a smart grid utilizes the internet
energy supplies and enhance system security. to provide real-time grid information increases
4.Reduce cost of energy by providing the best the risk of security and privacy breaches.
values to the customers through innovation and
efficient energy management.
CONCLUSION
By using smart grid technology
energy can be utilize maximum and
would not be wasted.
This technology also helps to save
earth from the global warming.
It refers to the modernized version
of the earlier traditional method of
energy supply.
