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Emt 413 - 3

The document defines key terms related to toxicity, including 'target organ' and 'critical effect.' It outlines the three phases of toxicant penetration: exposure, toxicokinetic, and toxicodynamic, detailing how toxicants interact with the environment and the body. Understanding these phases is crucial for comprehending the effects of toxicants on health.

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22 views4 pages

Emt 413 - 3

The document defines key terms related to toxicity, including 'target organ' and 'critical effect.' It outlines the three phases of toxicant penetration: exposure, toxicokinetic, and toxicodynamic, detailing how toxicants interact with the environment and the body. Understanding these phases is crucial for comprehending the effects of toxicants on health.

Uploaded by

uaminu422
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EMT 413: DEFINITION OF TERMS CONT’D

• Target Organ: An organ that is first or most affected


by a toxic agent.
• Critical effect: The first visible or observable effect
of toxicity in a biological system. It represents the
series of events used to ascertain that the system
has been affected beyond the range of normal
variation.
OVERVIEW OF TOXICITY
• Penetration of a toxicant from the environment to the sites of its toxic effect inside the
organism can be divided into three phases:
1. Exposure phase:

2. 1. **Definition**: The exposure phase includes all the things that happen to toxicants in
the environment and how they're affected by factors like light, temperature, and humidity.

3. 2. **Processes**: During the exposure phase, several important things can happen to
toxicants:
4. - **Chemical Transformations**: Toxicants can change chemically, turning into different
substances.
5. - **Degradation**: They can break down into smaller parts or simpler substances.
6. - **Biodegradation**: Microorganisms can break them down further through
biodegradation, which means tiny living things consume or break down the toxicants.
7. - **Disintegration**: Toxicants can also physically fall apart or break down into smaller
pieces.
1. **Toxicokinetic Phase**:
- This phase is like the journey of a toxicant inside the body.
- It starts with the toxicant being absorbed into the body.
- Then, it travels through the body in fluids like blood.
- Next, it spreads out to different tissues and organs, where it
can build up.
- The toxicant might also change into different forms as the
body tries to get rid of it.
- Finally, the body eliminates the toxicant or its byproducts
through processes like sweating, breathing, or going to the
bathroom.
• 2. **Toxicodynamic Phase**:
• - This phase is about what happens when the toxicant reaches
specific places inside the cells.
• - Imagine the toxicant is like a key trying to fit into a lock inside the
cells.
• - When it fits into the right spot, it can cause a harmful effect, like
making the cell work incorrectly or damaging it.
• - This interaction between the toxicant and the cells' receptors leads
to the toxic effect.
• - So, in simple terms, the toxicodynamic phase is about how the
toxicant interacts with the cells to cause harm.
• Understanding these two phases helps us see how toxicants move
through the body and how they can affect our health.
•

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