Applications of Derivatives

Case Study Based Questions

Case Study 1
The fuel cost per hour for running a train is proportional to the square of
the speed it generates in km per hour. If the fuel cost ₹ 48 per hour at
speed 16 km/h and the fixed charges to run the train amount to ₹ 1200
per hour.

Assume the speed of the train as v km/h.

Based on the above information, solve the following

questions.

(CBSE SQP 2021 Term-1)

Solutio
ns
Case Study 2
In a residential society comprising of 100 houses, there were 60 children
between the ages of 10-15 years. They were inspired by their teachers to
start composting to ensure that biodegradable waste is recycled. For this
purpose, instead of each child doing it for only his/her house, children
convinced the Residents welfare association to do it as a society initiative.
For this, they identified a square area in the local park. Local authorities
charged amount of ₹ 50 per square metre for space so that there is
no misuse of the space and Resident welfare association takes it
seriously. Association hired a labourer for digging out 250 m³ and he
charged ₹ 400 × (depth)².

Association will like to have minimum cost.

Based on the given information, solve the following

questions.

(CBSE SQP 2021 Term-1)

Solutio
ns
1. Let I?aCh sidl? of square shaped pit bl? x metre and
depth as h metre.
As volume of earth taken out = 250 m*
—> -x x h = 150 m3
2 250 ..(1)
' h
Since. local authorities charged amount of
Z 50 per square metre for space.
Cost of land = Z 50 x space for land
= T 50 x X2
250 =T rome
h
={50^
l
12000 h
So, total cost = cost of land + cost of labour

c= 12500
h + 400 x (depth)
2

c= 12500 ..(z)
h + 400
So option (b) is h2
correct.
2. Now. dc
dh —— dh
d 12500
h +
400h 2 _
12500+
800 h ...(3)
dc h2
(given]
dh "
12500+ 800h
=0
h2
800 h 3 = 12500
3
h3 =
lzs = s
—
h = 2.5m
So, option (c) is correct.
3. Differentiate eq. (3) w.r.t. h, we get
d 2c d
dh 2 " dh h2
1250O +800h
Case
Study 3

Based on the above information, solve the following

questions:
Solutio
ns
Case Study 4
An architecture design an auditorium for a school for its cultural activities.
The floor of the auditorium is rectangular in shape and has a fixed
perimeter P.

Based on the above information, solve the following

questions:
Solutio
ns
Case
Study 5

Based on the above information, solve the following questions: (CBSE

SQP 2023-24)

Q1. Find the rate of growth of the plant with respect to the
number of days exposed to the sunlight.

Q2. Does the rate of growth of the plant increase or decrease in

the first three days? What will be the height of the plant after 2
days?
Solutio
ns

Case Study 6
The shape of a toy is given as 𝑓(x) = 8x4 –
4x2 + 3

To make the toy beautiful 2 sticks which are perpendicular to each other
were placed at a point (4, 5) above the toy.

Based on the above information, solve the following questions:

Solutio
ns
Case Study 7
P(x) = −5x² + 125x + 37500 is the total profit function of a company,
where x is the production of the company.

Based on the above information, solve the following

questions:

Q1. What will be the production when the profit

is maximum? Q2. What will be the maximum

profit?

Or

When the production is 2 units, what will be the profit

of the company? Q3. Find the interval in which the

profit function is strictly increasing.

Solutions
Case Study 8
In an elliptical sport field, the authority wants to design a rectangular
soccer field with the maximum possible area. The sport field is given by
the graph of
Based on the above information, solve the following questions: (CBSE
SQP 2022-23)

Q1. If the length and the breadth of the rectangular field are 2x
and 2y respectively, then find the area function in terms of x.

Q2. Find the critical point of the function.

Q3. Use first derivative test to find the length 2x and width 2y
of the soccer field (in terms of a and b) that maximise its area.

Or

Use Second Derivative Test to find the length 2x and width 2y of

the soccer field (in terms of a and b) that maximise its area.

Solutions
Here, o = llangth of semi-ma|or axis
and b = length of semi-minor axis

From eq. (1),

2 2
—
’ 2——1— g2
či2
g2 b
— (for first quadrant]
— x2
Let (x, y) = x, b— 2 x 2 be the upper right vertex

of the rectangle.
breadth
The area function A = length
b 2 2
= 2x x2y =
ix —
4/+ x 2
, x e(0, o) ...(2)
x

2. Now differentiating eq. (2) w.r.t. x, we get

dA Čb z z+ x x —2x X—

1
dx" 4b a2 x2 x2

2 x2 — X X
— 2 —Bb ” 11
4b ›i2

For maximum or minimum of A,

dA = 0
dx

X
8b =
— x
0
(-x x + a. i.e., can't be
—> x a
—— — negativej
>tŽ is the critical point.

So, X ——
Z. For the values of x less than and close to
2 2
dA
0
dx
and for the values of x greater than
a
a
and close to

dA < 0
dx
Hence, by using the first derivative test, there is a
local maximum at the critical point x = *y. Since,
there is only one critical point, therefore the area of
the soccer field is maximum at this critical
point
x
-- 2
Thus, for maximum area of the soccer field,
length of the soccer field = 2x = x
=O 2

and width of the soccer field = 2y =

lb 2 2b o 2 1b o
g = b 1.
2
Or
2
A = 4b x
2. x e(0, o)
From part (1), a
Squaring on both sides, we
get
2 2 2 2 2 2
z = A 2 = I6b 16/z2
(a —x——
) 4
,2 (•
Here, A is maximum as z is maximum.
• —• › •
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
dz
16b2 32b2 ( 2 —z 2)
dx (2o x — 4 x ) =
2 3
n2
(a + 2x) (a —
2x)
 dz
For maximum or minimum of z, dx
=0
32g z (o + <Zx) (o —+Zx)=
0

(vx can't bR zero or negative, xx

0, — ]

Again differentiate
d2 z w.r.t.
32/zx,2 we
2 get 2
{o —6x )
2
dx o2

2
At x = a d z 2 O’
o —6x
32b 2 2 ' dx 2 '
32b 2
x(— O 2 ) = —64/s* < 0
n2
Hence, by using second derivative test, there is a local
maximum value ofz at the critical pDint x
Since,
-
maximum at x ,hence A is maximum at x =
there is on*v one
2 critical point, therefore z2 is
——
Thus, for maximum area of the soccer
field, length of the soccer field = 2x= 2 x y
- O2 2b 2
and width of the soccer field = 2y x

1b o
X =
b›|2
Case
Study 9

Based on the above information, solve the following questions: (CBSE SQP
2022-23)

Q1. Is the function differentiable in the interval (0, 12) ? Justify

your answer.

Q2. If 6 is the critical point of the function, then find the value of

the constant m. Q3. Find the intervals in which the function is

strictly increasing/strictly decreasing.

Or

Find the points of local maximum/local minimum, if any, in the

interval (0, 12) as well as the points of absolute
maximum/absolute minimum in the interval [0, 12]. Also, find the
corresponding local maximum/local minimum and the absolute
maximum/absolute minimum values of the function.

Solutions
Case Study 10
Rohan, a student of class XII, visited his uncles's flat with his father. He
observes that the window of the house is in the form of a rectangle
surmounted by a semicircular opening having perimeter 10 m as
shown in the figure.

Based on the given information, solve the following questions:

Q1. If x and y represent the length and breadth of the

rectangular region, then find the area (A) of the window in
terms of x.

Q2. Rohan is interested in maximising the area of the whole

window, for this to happen, find the value of x.

Q3. Find the maximum area of the window.

Or

For maximum value of A, find the breadth of rectangular part

of the window.
Solutio
ns
Case Study 11
An open water tank of aluminium sheet of negligible thickness, with a
square base and vertical sides, is to be constructed in a farm for
irrigation. It should hold 32000 L of water, that comes out from a tube
well.

Based on the above information, solve the following questions:

Q1. If the length, width and height of the open tank be x, x and y
m respectively, then find the outer surface area of tank in terms
of x.

Q2. Show that the cost of material will be least when width of
tank is equal to twice of its depth.
Q3. If cost of aluminium sheet is ₹ 360/m², then find the
minimum cost for the construction of tank.

Solutions
Case Study 12
Sooraj's father wants to construct a rectangular garden using a brick wall
on one side of the garden and wire fencing for the other three sides as
shown in the figure. He has 200 metres of fencing wire.

Based on the above information, solve the following questions: (CBSE

2023)

Q1. Let 'x' metre denotes the length of the side of the garden
perpendicular to the brick wall and 'y' metre denotes the length
of the side parallel to the brick wall.
Determine the relation representing the total length of fencing
wire and also write A(x), the area of the garden.

Q2. Determine the maximum value of A(x).

Solutions
2. A(x) ——20EIx —2x*
Differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
A’(x) ——2EI0—4x
For maxima and minima, put A’(x) ——0
2EIEI —4x ——0 x ——50
Now, A”(x) = —k < Els x, so A is maximum at
x ——TEI. Hence, maximum value of A(x) is
A(SEI) = 2EI0 x50—2(50)2
= 1EIEI0EI — SOEIEI = SEIOEI m 2
 Solutions for Questions 13 to 32 are
Given Below

Case Study 13
Case Study
14

Case Study 15
Case Study 16

Case Study 17
 Case Study 18

Case Study 19
Case Study 20

Case Study 21
Case Study 22
Case Study 23

Case Study 24
Case Study 25
Case Study 26

Case Study 27
Case Study 28
Case Study 29

Case Study 30
Case Study 31
Case Study 32

13.
14.
17.

15.

18.

16.
 20.

19.

21.
22.

23.
24.

26.

25.

27.
 29.

28.

30.
 32.

31.