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 Module Objectives

Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:

 Explain what is QoS and Traffic Load monitoring of the BSS

 Explain what are the information sources available for that purpose

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 Module Objectives [cont.]

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 Table of Contents

Switch to notes view!

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 1 Monitoring the QoS of the BSS

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 1 Monitoring the QoS of the BSS
Definition

 "Monitor" "network" "quality"

 monitor = measure or ensure?
 network = BSS? BSS+NSS? BSS+NSS+PSTN …
 quality = service (end-user) and/or system (technical)

 But also detect, localize, diagnose outages

 detect (decide according to thresholds)
 localize (which cell, BSC, etc.)
 diagnose: radio, BSS, TC problems

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 1 Monitoring the QoS of the BSS
Scope of Work

 Use all available tools at disposal to

ensure:

 Subscribers get good QoS

 BSS equipments & interfaces are all

running efficiently (no alarms, no critical
situation)

 BSS Optimizers receive good inputs to

enhance the network

 Management can characterize the network

and deploy operational teams accordingly
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 2 Monitoring the Traffic Load of the
BSS

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 2 Monitoring the Traffic Load of the BSS
Definition

 Measure the "quantity" of traffic handled by:

 each equipment, each board
 each interface

 Analyze traffic characteristics

 call, handover, location update, etc.

 As input for dimensioning/architecture team

BSC
BTS
Circuit
Core
Network
BTS MSC/VLR GGSN
GPRS
backbone
BSC MFS SGSN IP
BTS Network

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 3 Information Sources Available

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 3 Information Sources Available
Observation Tools

 System Performances: OMC-R PM (Performance Measurements) Counters

GSM PM Files are located in the OMC-R: /alcatel/share/var/AFTR/APME/BSC

OMC-R NPO

BTS BSC

Circuit
Core
Network
BTS MSC/VLR
GGSN
GPRS
backbone
BSC MFS
SGSN IP
BTS Network

cf. PM file snapshot in the comments

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 3 Information Sources Available
Observation Tools [cont.]

 NSS Performance: Core Network Counters

OMC-CS

BTS BSC
Circuit
Core
Network
BTS MSC/VLR
GGSN
GPRS
backbon
BSC MFS e
SGSN IP
BTS Networ
k

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 3 Information Sources Available
Observation Tools [cont.]

 Interfaces Traces: Capture messages through each interface

Post-Processing tool

Abis trace
Drive-tests
A trace

BTS BSC
Circuit
Core
Network
BTS MSC/VLR
GGSN
GPRS
backbon
BSC MFS e
SGSN IP
BTS Networ
k

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 3 Information Sources Available
Interface Trace
Information
Interface Advantages Drawbacks
source

A Interface Capture/decode  GSM standard, can be used High cost of equipment

signaling between MSC for arbitrage between  Time consuming, "post mortem"
and BSC-TC (A or Ater manufacturers (installation of tool, file analysis)
MUX) with "protocol  Complete information  Expertise needed for analysis
analyzer" (Wandel, (message contents, time-
Tektronix, Gnnettest,  Low coverage (K1103/MA10: 8
stamp)
etc.) COCs, K1205/MPA: 32 COCs
 Possible detection of maximum!)
User/MS/BSS/TC/NSS problems  Large amount of data (>> 10
Mbytes /hour/BSC)

Abis Capture/decode Complete information  High cost of equipment

Interface signaling between BSC (message contents, time-  Time consuming, "post mortem"
and BTS with "protocol stamp) (installation of tool, file analysis)
analyzer" (Wandel,  Possible detection of  Important expertise needed for
Tektronix, Gnnettest, User/MS/BSS/TC/NSS problems analysis
etc.)  Complete radio information  Very low coverage (A few RSLs,
thanks to measurement a few cell(s))
messages  Very large amount of data (>>
 Downlink and uplink 10 Mbytes/hour/BTS)

Air Use trace MS to capture Give precise location (x,y) of  High cost of equipment
interface signaling and signal problems  Very time-consuming
characteristics  Give downlink radio  Difficulty to perform a lot of
information calls
 Only way to localize a lack of -> number of samples
coverage insufficient
 Only way to monitor -> only a few streets
All competitor
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 No uplink
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 3 Information Sources Available
Example of Abis & A Traces

K12 / K15 Protocol Analyzer

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 3 Information Sources Available
Example of Traces Post-Processing
 Enter subscriber’s ID - Select time frame

< 3 seconds
to display
individual
activity


Detailed
visibility
on calls
& data
sessions

 Visibility / Failing
Link to multi-interface Services Calls
& protocol decoding for deep highlighted
investigation

Customer complaint analysis

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 3 Information Sources Available
Example of Traces Post-Processing [cont.]

Location Update Failures per IMSI

Abnormal level
of Location updates:
2 of biggest cities
particularly impacted
Best / Worst performing handsets

View at BSC level

+
Detailed call analysis shows that a group of subscribers
owning the same handset keep trying a LU every 2s
-

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 3 Information Sources Available
Example of Drive-Test

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 3 Information Sources Available
Performance Measurement Counters

 Count "events" seen by sub-system, value reported periodically

+ Low cost: collected directly at OMC

+ Compact data: possibility to store counters for a complete network

- Raw information, having to be consolidated to be understandable

- Manufacturer's dependent: questionable/difficult to compare
- Weak to analyze other sub-systems

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 3 Information Sources Available
Exercise

 Draw the BSS PM counters flow on the chart

 In which sub-system are the BSS QoS indicators computed and
stored?

BSC

OMC-R

BSC
OMC-R NPO

BSC
OMC-R

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 3 Information Sources Available
Alcatel-Lucent BSS Counters

 Performance Management implementation

 Easy and cost-effective way to monitor network and carried traffic

 Principle:
 For a given duration (granularity period) typically 1 hour or ½ hour
 To count pre-defined events occurring on the Abis or A interface, or
internal events.
 Counters stored with breakdown per network component (i.e. cell)

 About 1100 counters are available (only for GSM).

Action: Open the GSM PM Counters database (MS-ACCESS

format)

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 3 Information Sources Available
BSS Counter Example

Smallest
element for
unter Reference Counter Name which the
counter is
provided

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 3 Information Sources Available
BSS Counter Example [cont.]

ts available
At the end of the hour:
15 ts 180 samples every 20s
10 ts Hourly value = SUM of
sample /180
5 ts

O 20 40 60 80 … … t
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 3 Information Sources Available
Exercise
 Observation Means: find the best source of
information.
Observation to be done Best source Why

1 – overall radio quality of 1 cell Counters Type 31 : RMS

2 – monitor user failures

3 – get average network quality

4 – localize precise location of a radio pb

5 – localize abnormal cell in a network

6 – history of network quality for several

weeks

7 – compare networks quality

8 – discriminate problems between

BSS/NSS. BSS and NSS from different
providers.

9 – In a building, one is thinking that an

elevator is inducing EM trouble, how to
confirm?

10 – Identify potential interfering cells of

1 cell
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 4 Introduction to K1205 PC
Emulation

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 4 Introduction to K1205 PC Emulation
Usage

 The trace done with K1205 can be read:

 Directly on K1205 itself
 On any PC Windows NT® with dedicated emulation software

 Practical exercises will be done during the course using this

software

 The following slides and exercises are here to teach you the
basic skill needed to operate the tool for A Interface decoding

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 4 Introduction to K1205 PC Emulation
Measurement Scenarios Screen

To
Toenter
enterinin
monitoring
monitoringmodemode
to analyze the
to analyze the
AAtrace
trace

To
Tofilter
filterthe
the
main GSM
main GSM
protocols
protocolsandand
messages
messages
To
Toselect
selectbinary
binary
trace file
trace file

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 4 Introduction to K1205 PC Emulation
Filter Configuration

 Configure your filter to remove some messages ANNEX 4

and protocols => Bypass Protocol Filter
and select:

 SCCP Except UDT

 Keep all DTAP
 BSSM Except PAGIN

 Select also all

Logical Links

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 4 Introduction to K1205 PC Emulation
Monitor Screen

To
Toextract
extract11call
call
Short
ShortView
View
11line / message
line / message

Frame
FrameView
View
Full
Full decodingof
decoding of
selected
selected
message
message

Packet
Packetview
view
Message
Message
content
contentinin
hexadecimal
hexadecimal

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 4 Introduction to K1205 PC Emulation
Extract a Call

 How to find a specific message?

 Edit - Find (or ctrl + F3)
 Select All Logical Links.
 Choose the protocol.
 Select the message studied.
 Use F3 to find another same message.

 How to extract a call from these traces?

 Click on the Zoom button.
 Select CC message (Connection Confirm).
 And UnZoom + Zoom to get:
 SLR: Source Location Reference
 LR: Destination Location Reference

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 4 Introduction to K1205 PC Emulation
Call Extraction

 Then

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 4 Introduction to K1205 PC Emulation
Exercise

 Use the tool to extract a few calls from file PAIB29.REC

1) Zoom on a CC message:
Find the definition of all messages in the Frame View.
2) Zoom on a CR message with LUREQ.
How to extract the complete call?
3) Use “Find” to extract a call with an ALERTING message.
Can you see the CC message? If not, Why?

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 5 Indicators Definition

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 5 Indicators Definition
BSS Indicators Definition (Alcatel-Lucent)

 Formula of counters
 Call_drop_BSS = Σ (Drops BSS Int. Fail. + Drops BSS Remote TC)
= Σ (MC14c + MC739)
 RTCH_Erlang_Total = Σ (Occupancy RTCH) / 3600
= Σ (MC380a + MC380b) / 3600

 Difference: Key Performance Indicator (KPI) or Detailed Indicator

 KPI: For high-level monitoring, to measure progress towards
organizational goals. KPI's are a subset of indicators, selected by
radio engineers & managers.

"If all KPIs are fine, then everything is fine"

 Detailed: Any other indicator, within the 4000 ALU Indicators! For
troubleshooting and analysis of problems, known only by expert radio
engineers.

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 5 Indicators Definition
Typical KPI for BSS

 Call drop %
Rate of calls dropped after successful assignment
 Outgoing Handover Success %

Rate of successful outgoing external and internal intercell

SDCCH and TCH handovers
 TCH congestion %

Rate of RTCH not allocated during normal assignment due to

congestion on Air interface.
 SDCCH unsuccess %

Rate of SDCCH not allocated during radio link establishment

due to congestion, radio problems or other problems.

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 5 Indicators Definition
Typical KPI for Drive-tests

 Call Establishment Success Rate

 Rate of DL RxQual samples < 3

 Rate of DL RxLev samples > -80dBm (beware of power

control…)

 Voice Quality (MOS)

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 5 Indicators Definition
Typical Thresholds

 Not taking into account coverage or frequency planning

% Call Drop 1.50%

% RTCH drop 1.20%

% Call Setup Success (ALU formula) 97.0%

% RTCH Assign Cong 2.0%
% RTCH Assign Fail 1.5%
% SDCCH Drop 0.5%

% SDCCH Assign Cong 1.0%

% Out HO Efficiency 96.0%

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 5 Indicators Definition
Typical KPI Report

 Observe this report from NPO. Is this cell below typical CSSR
threshold?
Call success - CELL2G: cell00301_03017 (301/ 3017) ( 999/ F77/ 301/ 3017 ) - 01/ 07/ 2009 To 07/ 07/ 2009
(Working Zone: Training - Medium) Call setup is above 97%

900 100.%

800

700 99.5%
Assign Unsucc
600
Call drop
99.%
500 SDCCH drop

%
nb

400 %End to End Call setup

98.5%
300 %Call success
%Call setup
200 98.%
100

0 97.5%
01/ 07/ 2009 02/ 07/ 2009 03/ 07/ 2009 04/ 07/ 2009 05/ 07/ 2009 06/ 07/ 2009 07/ 07/ 2009

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 6 Methodological Precautions

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 6 Methodological Precautions
Objective

 Avoid typical errors regarding indicators interpretation

 Rule: Good indicator value all componants are good

 Ex: a BSC with CDR = 1% … not all cells in the BSC are good !
a Cell with CSSR = 99% for one day … not all hours are
good !

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 6 Methodological Precautions
Network Element Aggregation

number of calls
number of call dropcall drop rate
cell 1 390 8 2,10%
cell 2 546 29 5,25%
cell 3 637 20 3,10%
cell 4 1029 12 1,14%
cell 5 536 3 0,50%
cell 6 2 1 50,00%
cell 7 3 1 33,00%
cell 8 210 4 2,11%
cell 9 432 5 1,20%
cell 10 321 4 1,11%

average of cell results 9,95%

total nb of drop/total number of calls 2,10%

 The average value of an indicator for a Network:

 Is not the average of cell results (or any sub-part of it)
 BUT is the average weighted by the traffic

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 6 Methodological Precautions
Global Indicator Validity

 To be reliable, an indicator must be based on a sufficient

number of events. Estimation theory gives a fresh look on our
KPI:
If displayed CDR = 2%, Nb Calls Max Min
but nb of calls = … 10 10.7% 0.0%
100 4.7% 0.0%
200 3.9% 0.1%
400 3.4% 0.6%
600 3.1% 0.9%
1000 2.9% 1.1%
2000 2.6% 1.4%
3000 2.5% 1.5%
5000 2.4% 1.6%
10000 2.3% 1.7%

 If a sample (number of calls) is too small, then the indicator doesn't

represent a statistical reality but just a random occurrence of events.
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 6 Methodological Precautions
Time Period Aggregation

 TCH congestion rate at busy hour:

 Weighted average of cell congestion at the busy hour of the network?
 Weighted average of cell congestion rate for its specific busy hour?

congestion % erlang

Cell A
time
BHa
Cell B Max traffic = Busy Hour
Congestion @ Busy Hour
ax congestion
BHb
Cell C

BHc

Σ BSC
max bh Busy Hour at BSC level
not the same as cells BH
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 6 Methodological Precautions
Exercise
Is the conclusion given for each indicator right?
Samples OK /
Indicator Conclusion
(calls) NOK ?

Call drop = 0,9% in your country 2456435 All the cells have a good call NOK
drop

Call setup success for cell 15, 145 = 99,5% 2315 There is a good call setup
success rate for cell 15, 145

In Paris: 2500 cells with 95% of call setup 3267872 In France, call setup
success success= 97%
In the rest of France: 5000 cells with 98%

Call drop rate for BSS <<BSS_1>> = 1% 4500 The call drop for BSS_1 is
good

Call drop for cell 156,13 = 5% 215 Cell 15, 13 has certainly a
trouble

For BSS 1, call drop of 2% 4000 LA = BSS1+BSS2 has a call

For BSS 2, call drop of 3% 2000 drop of 2.3%

MSC <<Stadium>> has a call setup success 15346 BSS1 belonging to MSC
of 95% Stadium has a call setup
success of 95%
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 Self-assessment on the Objectives

 Please be reminded to fill in the form

Self-Assessment on the Objectives
for this module
 The form can be found in the first part
of this course documentation

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 End of Module
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