Presentation on Circles
Made By:-
Gurleen
Roll no. 14
Class 9th
circle
A circle is a simple shape in Euclidean geometry. It
is the set of all points in a lane that are at a given
distance from a given point, the centre; equivalently
it is the curve traced out by a point that moves so
that its distance from a given point is constant. The
distance between any of the points and the centre is
called the radius.
Arc: any connected part of the circle.
Chord: a line segment whose endpoints lie on
the circle.
Diameter: a line segment whose endpoints lie on the
circle and which passes through the centre; or the
length of such a line segment, which is the largest
distance between any two points on the circle. It is a
special case of a chord, namely the longest chord, and
Segment: a region, not containing the centre,
bounded by a chord and an arc lying between
the chord's endpoints
Radius: a line segment joining the centre of the
circle to any point on the circle itself; or the
length of such a segment, which is half a
diameter.
Centre: the point equidistant from the points on
the circle
Circumference: the length of one circuit along
the circle, or the distance around the circle.
Length of circumference
The ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter
is π (pi), an irrational constant approximately equal
to 3.141592654. Thus the length of the
circumference C is related to the radius r and
diameter d by:
Area
enclosed
As proved by Archimedes, the
area enclosed by a circle is equal to that of a triangle
whose base has the length of the circle's
circumference and whose height equals the circle's
radius,which comes to π multiplied by the radius
squared:
Equivalently, denoting diameter by d,
Properties
The circle is the shape with the largest area for a given length of perimeter.
The circle is a highly symmetric shape: every line through the centre forms
a line of reflection symmetry and it hasrotational symmetry around the
centre for every angle. Its symmetry group is the orthogonal group O(2,R).
The group of rotations alone is the circle group T.
All circles are similar.
A circle's circumference and radius are proportional.
The area enclosed and the square of its radius are proportional.
The constants of proportionality are 2π and π, respectively.
The circle which is centred at the origin with radius 1 is called the
unit circle.
Thought of as a great circle of the unit sphere, it becomes the
Riemannian circle.
Through any three points, not all on the same line, there lies a unique
circle. In Cartesian coordinates, it is possible to give explicit formulae for
the coordinates of the centre of the circle and the radius in terms of the
coordinates of the three given points. See circumcircle.
Chord
Chords are equidistant from the centre of a circle if and only if they are
equal in length.
The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the centre of a
circle; equivalent statements stemming from the uniqueness of the
perpendicular bisector are:
A perpendicular line from the centre of a circle bisects the chord.
The line segment through the centre bisecting a chord is perpendicular
to the chord.
If a central angle and an inscribed angle of a circle are subtended by the
same chord and on the same side of the chord, then the central angle is
twice the inscribed angle.
If two angles are inscribed on the same chord and on the same side of the
chord, then they are equal.
If two angles are inscribed on the same chord and on opposite sides of the
chord, then they are supplementary.
For a cyclic quadrilateral, the exterior angle is equal to the interior
opposite angle.
An inscribed angle subtended by a diameter is a right angle (see
Thales' theorem).
The diameter is the longest chord of the circle.
