UNIVERSAL
IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM
Submitted by:
ABHAY PAUL (AY01220002)
WHAT IS IMMUNIZATION ?
Immunization is the process by
which an individual’s immune
system becomes fortified against
an infectious agent (known as the
immunogen). When this system is
exposed to molecules that are
foreign to the body, called non-
self, it will orchestrate an immune
response, and it will also develop
the ability to quickly respond to a
subsequent encounter because of
immunological memory.
GLOBAL Click icon to add picture
PERSPECTIVE ON
IMMUNIZATION
● Global Smallpox
Eraducation( A WHO
Success)
The smallpox global vaccination
campaign was a monumental effort
led by the World Health
Organization (WHO) to eradicate
smallpox worldwide. The campaign,
which began in 1967 and
culminated in the eradication of
smallpox in 1980, is considered the
• ROLE of UNICEF, Gavi and WHO
UNICEF, Gavi, and WHO play distinct yet complementary roles in
global health, with a shared focus on improving immunization
coverage and health outcomes, particularly for children
• UNICEF’s • GAVI’s • WHO’s ROLE
ROLE:is the UN
UNICEF ROLE
Gavi, :
the Vaccine :WHO provides
organization Alliance, focuses on leadership and
dedicated to
protecting the rights
of every child,
increasing access to
immunization in lower-
income countries,
technical expertise
in global health,
setting global health
focusing on their helping to protect standards and
health, education, children from vaccine- coordinating
and overall well- preventable diseases. responses to health
being. emergencies.
• GLOBAL IMMUNIZATION VISION AND
STRATEGY
The global immunization vision and strategy is defined
by the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF
through the Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030).
IA2030 is a global strategy to maximize the life-saving
impact of vaccines, aiming to avert 50 million future
deaths over the next decade if fully implemented.
INTRODUCTION OF UIP IN INDIA
• Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) is a vaccination programme
launched by the Government of India in 1985. It became a part of Child Survival
and Safe Motherhood Programme in 1992 and has remained one of the key
areas under the National Health Mission since 2005.
• The programme now consists of vaccination against 12 diseases- tuberculosis,
diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles,
hepatitis B, rotaviral gastroenteritis, Japanese encephalitis, rubella, pneumonia
(haemophilus influenzae type B) and Pneumococcal diseases (pneumococcal
pneumonia and meningitis). Hepatitis B and Pneumococcal diseases, were
added to the UIP in 2007 and 2017 respectively.
• The cost of all the vaccines are borne entirely by the Government of India and is
funded through taxes with a budget of ₹7,234 crore (US$860 million) in 2022
• The other additions in UIP through the way are Inactivated Polio
Vaccine (IPV), Rotavirus Vaccine (RVV), Measles-Rubella Vaccine
(MR). Four new vaccines have been introduced into the country’s
Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP), including injectable polio
vaccine, an adult vaccine against Japanese Encephalitis and
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
OBJECTIVES OF UIP
The stated objectives of UIP are :
1. To rapidly increase immunization
coverage.
2. To improve the quality of services.
3. To establish a reliable cold chain system
to the health facility level.
4. Monitoring of performance.
The primary5. objectives
To achieve self-sufficiency
of India's in vaccine
Universal Immunization Programme
production.
(UIP) are to increase immunization coverage and improve the quality of
immunization services. This includes expanding access to vaccines,
establishing a robust cold chain system, and monitoring
performance. Ultimately, the goal is to reduce morbidity and mortality
from vaccine-preventable diseases by achieving high immunization
coverage rates for all eligible beneficiaries.
TARGET POPULATION
▪︎Under the UIP, all vaccines are given free of cost to the
beneficiaries as
per the National Immunization Schedule.
▪︎All beneficiaries’ namely pregnant women and children can get
themselves vaccinated at the nearest Government/Private health
facility
or at an immunization session site (Anganwadicentres/ other
identified
sites) near to their village/urban locality on fixed days.
▪︎The UIP covers all sections of the society across the country
with the
KEY GOALS AND COVERAGE
Over 90% immunization coverage
target
Reduce child mortality rates
1.Achieve disease eradication and
elimination
○ Mission Indradhanush (MI) was launched in December 2014 with an
aim to increase full
immunization coverage to 90% through focus on unvaccinated and
partially vaccinated
children and pregnant women in pockets of low immunization coverage in
high risk and
hard to reach areas.
○ A total of eleven phases of Mission Indradhanush have been
CORE VACCINES UNDER UIP
• OPV (Oral Polio)
• Hepatitis B
• Pentavalent
• IPV (Injectable Polio)
• Measles-Rubella (MR)
• Rotavirus
• PCV (Pneumococcal Conjugate
Vaccine)
• JE (In endemic areas)
Important
Points
• Pentavalent vaccine replaced DPT and Hep B for
better coverage.
• Rotavirus and PCV introduced to reduce under-5
mortality.
• Japanese Encephalitis (JE) vaccine is provided only in
endemic districts (e.g., Assam, UP, Bihar).
• HPV vaccine being piloted in select states for
adolescent girls (not yet nationwide under UIP).
IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE
PULSE POLIO
&
NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION
DAYS
• Pulse Polio Immunization (PPI) is a campaign launched
in 1995 to eliminate polio in India.
• Focused on administering Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) to
all children under 5 years of age, irrespective of
immunization status.
• Based on the principle of “herd immunity” — if enough
children are immune, transmission breaks.
Success Of Polio
Campaign
India recorded its last polio case in January 2011 (Howrah,
West Bengal).
In 2014, the WHO certified India as Polio-free.
A landmark achievement — especially considering India once
contributed the highest number of global polio cases.
KEY BODIES
● Ministry of Health & Family
Welfare
● National Health Mission
● WHO, UNICEF partnerships
PUBLIC HEALTH IMPACT
Reduction in child mortality
Healthier population supports
development
Women empowerment via safer
pregnancies
VACCINE MISINFORMATION
Fear of side effects
Myths and misinformation on
social media
Cultural resistance
DIGITAL INNOVATIONS
eVIN for vaccine logistics
CoWIN for digital
registration
Mobile apps for tracking
Universal Immunization
Program: A Lifesaving
Intervention
UIP has been a cornerstone
CONCLUSION of India’s public health
system since its launch in
1985.
Through systematic vaccine
delivery, the program has
helped protect millions of
children and pregnant
women from life-
threatening diseases.
THANK YOU
