Thanks to visit codestin.com
Credit goes to www.scribd.com

Scribd
Upload
5 views11 pages

Perception Overview For Posting

The document discusses two types of processing: top-down, where perceptions are shaped by experiences and expectations, and bottom-up, which starts with sensory input. It also explains distance cues, distinguishing between binocular cues that require both eyes and monocular cues that can be perceived with one eye. Various techniques and mnemonics for understanding depth perception through these cues are provided.

Uploaded by

Aayushi Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views11 pages

Perception Overview For Posting

The document discusses two types of processing: top-down, where perceptions are shaped by experiences and expectations, and bottom-up, which starts with sensory input. It also explains distance cues, distinguishing between binocular cues that require both eyes and monocular cues that can be perceived with one eye. Various techniques and mnemonics for understanding depth perception through these cues are provided.

Uploaded by

Aayushi Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Review

Top-Down vs Bottom-Up
• Top-down processing involves our brain’s
experiences and expectations shaping
our perceptions. Think of it as starting at
the brain (top) and moving toward the
eyes (down).
• Bottom-up processing starts at the
sensors (eyes, ears, mouth, etc) and then
goes to the brain in order to get
understood. Think of how babies figure
things out.
Perceptual Set
• This is simply our tendency to
perceive one thing, rather than
another. It’s heavily tied to prior
experiences, and is therefore a
top-down process.
– Example: Gestalt illusions usually
Mnemonic:
reflectyou
ourcanperceptual
associate set.
perceptual set with the
prototypes that make up the
representativeness heuristic.
Both start with P.
Distance Cues
• Distance cues come in two flavours.
– Binocular cues. These rely on both
eyes working together. Think of
“binoculars,” with their two lenses.
– Monocular cues. These occur in each
eye independently. “Mono” means “on
e,” like…
• Monoplane (having one wing).
• Monotonous (at one volume).
• Monotype (a Corsiva).
• Monolith (one stone, standing by itself).
Binocular Cues
• Two main techniques:
– Retinal disparity. This computes
distance by measuring the differences
in when and how light hits both
retinas. “Disparate” means “different;”
“parity” is another term for “equality.”
– Convergence. This occurs as things
get closer to you. Your eyes
converge inward; think of being
cross-eyed as an example of extreme
convergence. And they both
conveniently start with C.
Retinal Disparity
Monocular Cues
• These are tougher, but only
because there are more of them.

• In what ways can you tell that


depth exists in the following
picture?
In general, dimmer objects are farther away… though not always.

Far objects are hazier


and more indistinct.

Far objects
seem to be
higher (in
Far objects seem most cases…)
smaller, even though than near
they have to be the same objects. BUT
size. only if they
are supposed
Far objects get blocked to be on the
by nearer objects. same plane.

How can you perceive depth?


Cartoons use monocular cues…
Mnemonics for Monocular
Cues:
• Some of these are in your text,
some are not.
– Relative Size. Self-explanatory if you
know what “relative” means.
– Interposition. Think of “intermission.”
– Relative Clarity. Same as relative
size. This describes the “haziness”
into which distant objects disappear.
– Texture Gradient. Near objects are
more finely-detailed than far ones.
Think of paper, or pavement.
Mnemonics for Monocular
Cues:
• Continued:
– Relative Height. Same as all the other
“relatives.”
– Relative Motion/Motion Parallax. Think
of stars, which are moving much faster
than they look.
– Linear Perspective. Think of double
lines on a highway, receding into the
distance…
– Light and Shadow. Similar to relative
clarity and texture gradient, but deals
with light reflection.

You might also like