Chapter 1
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
After completing this chapter, the students will be able to:
Understand about the era of industrial evolutions
Identify the technological advances that made the industrial revolution possible
Analyze the changing conditions made by the industrial revolution in both
Europe and the united states
Understand the causes of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain, continental
Europe, and the United States.
Identifies and understand the programmable device
Have General knowledge about emerging technologies
1.1 What is emerging technologies?
• Emerging technology is a term generally used to describe a
new technology but it may also refer to the continuing
development of existing technology.
• The term commonly refers to technologies that are currently
developing or that are expected to be available within the next
five to ten years and is usually reserved for technologies that
are creating or are expected to create significant social or
economic effects.
List of some currently available emerged technologies
• Artificial Intelligence
• Blockchain
• Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
• Cloud Computing
• Angular and React
• DevOps
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• Intelligent Apps (I-Apps)
• Big Data
• Robotic Processor Automation (RPA)
Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)
• The Industrial Revolution was a period of major industrialization and innovation
that took place during the late 1700s and early 1800s.
• An Industrial Revolution at its core occurs when a society shifts from using tools
to make products to use new sources of energy, such as coal, to power machines
in factories.
• The revolution started in England, with a series of innovations to make labor
more efficient and productive.
• The Industrial Revolution was a time when the manufacturing of goods moved
from small shops and homes to large factories.
• The American Industrial Revolution commonly referred to as the Second
Industrial Revolution, started sometime between 1820 and 1870.
• The impact of changing the way items was manufactured had a wide reach.
Industries such as textile manufacturing, mining, glass making, and agriculture all
had undergone changes.
Generally, the following industrial revolutions fundamentally changed
and transfer the world around us into modern society.
• The steam engine
• The age of science and mass production
• The rise of digital technology
• Smart and autonomous systems fueled by data and machine learning.
The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
• Transportation: The Steam Engine, The Railroad, The Diesel Engine,
The Airplane.
• Communication: The Telegraph, The Transatlantic Cable, The
Phonograph, The Telephone.
• Industry: The Cotton Gin, The Sewing Machine, Electric Lights.
Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)
• The Industrial Revolution (IR) is described as a transition to new manufacturing
processes. IR was first coined in the 1760s, during the time where this revolution
began.
• The transitions in the first IR included going from hand production methods to
machines, the increasing use of steam power (see Figure below),
the development of machine tools and the rise of the factory system.
Figure: steam engine
Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)
• The Second IR, also known as the Technological Revolution, began somewhere in
the 1870s.
• The advancements in IR 2.0 include the widespread adoption of pre-existing
technological systems such as telegraph and railroad networks.
• This adoption allowed the vast movement of people and ideas, enhancing
communication. Moreover, new technological systems were introduced, such as
electrical power and telephones.
Figure: Electricity transmission line
Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)
• IR 3.0 (Digital Revolution) introduce the transition from mechanical and
analog electronic technology to digital electronic which began from the late
1950s.
• The core factor of this revolution is the mass production and widespread
use of digital logic circuits and its derived technologies such as the
computer, hand phones and the Internet.
Figure: High Tech Electronics
Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
• Now, with advancements in various technologies such as robotics,
Internet of Things and autonomous vehicles.
• The technologies mentioned above are what you call – cyber-physical
systems. A cyber-physical system is a mechanism that is controlled or
monitored by computer-based algorithms, tightly integrated with the
Internet and its users.
• Major breakthrough that is associated with IR 4.0 is the adoption of
Artificial Intelligence (AI), where we can see it being implemented
into our smartphones.
• AI is also one of the main elements that give life to Autonomous
Vehicles and Automated Robots.
1.2 Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
• Data is regarded as the new oil and strategic asset since we are living in
the age of big data, and drives or even determines the future of
science, technology, the economy, and possibly everything in our world
today and tomorrow.
• Data brings incredible innovation and economic opportunities. This
reshaping and paradigm-shifting are driven not just by data itself but all
other aspects that utilizing data.
• There is no doubt, nevertheless, that the potential of data science and
analytics to enable data-driven theory, economy, and professional
development is increasingly being recognized.
• This involves not only core disciplines such as computing, informatics,
and statistics, but also the broad-based fields of business, social
science, and health/medical science.
1.3 Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
• In the world of digital electronic systems, there are four basic kinds of devices:
memory, microprocessors, logic, and networks.
i. Memory devices store random information such as the contents of a
spreadsheet or database.
ii. Microprocessors execute software instructions to perform a wide variety of
tasks such as running a word processing program or video game.
iii. Logic devices provide specific functions, including device-to-device interfacing,
data communication, signal processing, data display, timing and control
operations, and almost every other function a system must perform.
iv. The network is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network
devices, peripherals, or other devices connected to one another to allow the
sharing of data. An excellent example of a network is the Internet, which
connects millions of people all over the world
• Programmable devices usually refer to chips that incorporate field
programmable logic devices (FPGAs), complex programmable logic
devices (CPLD) and programmable logic devices (PLD).
• There are also devices that are the analog equivalent of these called
field-programmable analog arrays.
Figure: programmable device
Why is a computer referred to as a programmable device?
• Because what makes a computer a computer is that it follows a set of instructions.
• Many electronic devices are computers that perform only one operation, but they are
still following instructions that reside permanently in the unit.
List of some Programmable devices
• Achronix Speedster SPD60
• Actel’s
• Altera Stratix IV GT and Arria II GX
• Atmel’s AT91CAP7L
• Cypress Semiconductor’s programmable system-on-chip (PSoC) family
• Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3
• Lime Microsystems’ LMS6002
• Silicon Blue Technologies
• Xilinx Virtex 6 and Spartan 6
A full range of network-related equipment referred to as Service
Enabling Devices (SEDs), which can include:
• Traditional channel service unit (CSU) and data service unit
(DSU)
• Modems
• Routers
• Switches
• Conferencing equipment
• Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)
• Hosting equipment and servers
1.4 Human to Machine Interaction
• Human-machine interaction (HMI) refers to the communication and
interaction between a human and a machine via a user interface.
• Nowadays, natural user interfaces such as gestures have gained
increasing attention as they allow humans to control machines through
natural and intuitive behaviors
What is human-computer interaction?
• HCI (human-computer interaction) is the study of how people interact
with computers and to what extent computers are or are not
developed for successful interaction with human beings.
• As its name implies, HCI consists of three parts: the user, the computer
itself, and the ways they work together.
How do users interact with computers?
• The user interacts directly with hardware for the human input and
output such as displays, e.g. through a graphical user interface.
1.5 Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
• 5G Networks
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Autonomous Devices
• Blockchain
• Augmented Analytics
• Digital Twins
• Enhanced Edge Computing and
• Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces
Some emerging technologies that will shape the future of you
and your business
• Emerging technologies are taking over our minds more and
more each day.
• Emerging technologies sound like tools that will only affect the
top tier of technology companies who employ the world’s top
1% of geniuses. This is totally wrong.
• Chatbots, virtual/augmented reality, blockchain, Ephemeral
Apps and Artificial Intelligence are already shaping your life
whether you like it or not. At the end of the day, you can either
adapt or die.
