JULIUS MARASIGAN REYROSO

TEACHER
Practical Research 2
JULIUS MARASIGAN REYROSO
GRADING SYSTEM
 Practical
Research 2
Lesson 1:Qualitative vs. Quantitative
Research
 Learning Objectives
After this lesson, you should be able to:
 Differentiate qualitative and quantitative
research;
 Know the characteristics of Quantitative
research ; and
 Value the significance of doing a quantitative
research.
 Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research

According to Marquez-Fong and Tigno (2016),

quantitative research deals with numbers or
numerical data, such as height, width, length, age,
speed, time, sizes, size, and temperature, among
other things that can be measured; while
qualitative research focuses on words or ideas,
pictures, videos, sounds, objects or artifacts, and
other non-numerical data.
 POINTS OF
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
CONTRAST

Data that can be Non-numerical data that

Needed data numerically analyzed and describes qualities,
can be quantified into facts. opinions, or feelings

Interviews,
Surveys, Interviews with
Data Collection observations,recordings,
close-ended questions
pictures

Use of statistical analysis Manual analysis through

Analysis presented in forms of tables the grouping of common
and charts themes
Quantity (numbers,
Focus of research Quality (nature, essence)
statistics)
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
1.Large Sample Size – to ensure reliability, quantitative
researches are done with large sample of data.
2.Structured Research Methods – polls and surveys are used in
order to gather quantitative data for it requires measurable data.
3.Highly reliable outcome – since questions in research
instruments used on quantitative research contains closed-ended
questions, the outcome of the study is expected to be highly
reliable.
4.Reusable outcome – the outcome of a quantitative research
can serve as a support to future studies for it produced a highly
reliable result.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
5. Close-ended questions – research instruments used in
quantitative researches are composed of close-ended
questions, these questions are more specific rather than
open-ended questions.
6. Numerical Outcome –the outcome of quantitative
research is always in numerical form. Numerical results are
easier to read and understand.
7. Generalization of Outcome – since quantitative
research is done in a large sample, the outcome will be
generalized for the whole population it represents.
 Practical
Research 2
Lesson 2:Qualitative vs. Quantitative
Research
ADVANTAGES QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

1.Can be tested and checked – since it uses statistical

analysis and puts its focus on measurable data, the
reliability of its results can be tested and checked.
2.Straightforward analysis – statistical tests leads to
results which can be interpreted straightforwardly and
less open to subjectivity.
3.Prestige – quantitative research involves complex
statistical equations which makes it more valuable and
impressive.
Disadvantages of Quantitative
Research
1.False focus on numbers - can be limited in its pursuit of
concrete, statistical relationships, which can lead to
researchers overlooking broader themes and relationships.
2.Difficulty setting up research model - When you
conduct quantitative research, you need to carefully
develop a hypothesis and set up a model for collecting and
analyzing data.
3.Can be misleading – even if quantitative research is
considered credible for it utilizes statistical methods, it can
still be misleading and prone to subjectivity.
 TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
1. Descriptive research
Provides systematic information about a phenomenon and
describes the current status of an identified variable.

EXAMPLE : Level of Satisfaction Towards the Milktea Products of I

Love Milktea Sariaya of the Selected Customers

Descriptive research focuses only on the description of a

certain topic, the example above shows that the research will center
mainly on the level of satisfaction of the customers towards the
milktea products of the said store/branch. It will only answer the
“what” and not the “hows and whys”.
2. Correlational research
Attempts to determine the extent of the relationship
between two or more variables using statistical data.

EXAMPLE : Service Quality in Gong Cha Sm Lucena and the

Level of Satisfaction of the Selected Customers towards the
Milktea Products offered

The example above wanted to find out if there is a

relationship or correlation between the service quality of Gong
Cha Sm Lucena and the level of satisfaction of their selected
customers towards the milktea products that are offered/served
in their branch. This is an example of a correlation research
because it is clear that it seeks for the relationship between the
two topics mentioned.
3. Causal-comparative research
Attempts to establish cause-effect
relationships among variables. It also seeks to
compare variables.

EXAMPLE : A Comparative Study on the Level

of Customer Satisfaction towards the Milktea
Products offered by Gong Cha and Cha Time

The aforementioned example seeks to find

out the level of customer satisfaction of the two
different milktea stores and then “compare” its
4. Experimental research
Uses scientific methods and/or experiments
to establish a cause-effect relationship among a
group of variables that make up the study.

EXAMPLE : Sambong (Blumea Balsamifera) as an

Alternative Tea Ingredient for Milktea
Since experimental research focuses on
“scientific method” or experiements, the example
above shows an experimentation on how the
herbal plant Sambong(Blumea Balsamifera) can be
an alternative tea ingredient for milktea.
 Practical
Research 2
Lesson 3

Quantitative Research Topics

Learning Objectives

 Understand the guidelines given in

choosing a research topic ;
 Provide list of research topics which
they are interested to pursue ; and
 Reflect on the importance of choosing
a good research topic on the process
 GUIDELINES IN CHOOSING A RESEARCH
TOPIC
1. Interest in the Subject Matter
Your interest in the topic may be caused by your rich background
knowledge about it and by its novelty; meaning, its unfamiliarity to you. Your real
interest in a subject pushes you to research, investigate, or inquire about it with
full motivation, enthusiasm, and energy.
2. Availability of Information
Collecting a lot of information as evidence to support your claims about
your subject matter from varied forms of literature like books, journals, and
newspapers, among others, are a part and parcel of any research work. Hence, in
choosing a research topic, visit your library to check the availability of reading
materials on your chosen topic.
3. Timeliness and Relevance of the Topic
The topic is relevant if it yields results that are instrumental in societal
improvement. It is timely if it is related to the present.
 GUIDELINES IN CHOOSING A RESEARCH
TOPIC
4. Limitations of the Subject
This makes you link your process of choosing a topic with your course requirements.
For example, to make you complete the requirements your teacher instructs you to
submit a paper that will apply the key principles you learned in business psychology,
education, and so on. In this case, you have no freedom to choose your topic based
on your interest but have to decide on one topic to finish your course.
5. Personal Resources
Before sticking fully to your final choice, assess your research abilities in terms of
your financial standing, health condition, mental capacity, needed facilities, and time
allotment to enable you to complete your research. Imagine, yourself pouring much time
and effort into its initial stage, only to find out later that you are unable to complete it
because you failed to raise the amount needed for questionnaire printing and interview
trips (Barbour, 2014).
 RESEARCH TOPICS TO BE AVOIDED

1.Controversial Topics. These are topics that depend greatly

on the writer’s opinion, which may tend to be biased or
prejudicial. Facts cannot support topics like these.
2.Highly Technical Subjects. For a beginner, researching
topics that require advanced study, technical knowledge,
and vast experience is a very difficult task.
3.Hard-to-Investigate Subjects. A subject is hard to
investigate if there are no available reading materials
about it and if such materials are not up-to-date.
 RESEARCH TOPICS TO BE
AVOIDED
4. Too Broad Subjects. Topics that are too broad will prevent you from
giving a concentrated or in-depth analysis of the subject matter of the
paper. The remedy to this is to narrow or limit the topic to a smaller
one.
5. Too Narrow Subject. These subjects are so limited or specific that
detailed searching or reading for information about these is necessary.
6. Vague Subjects. Choosing topics like these will prevent you from
having a clear focus on your paper. For instance, a title beginning with
indefinite adjectives such as several, many, some, etc., as in “Some
Remarkable Traits of a Filipino” is vague enough to decrease the
readers’ interests and curiosity.
 Practical
Research 2
Lesson 4

Formulating Research Objectives

 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
Research Objectives
- determine the scope, depth and the overall direction of the research.
- Are the steps you are going to take to answer your research questions
or a specific list of tasks needed to accomplish the goals of the study.
- Emphasize how aims are to be accomplished
- Must be highly focused and feasible
- Address the more immediate project outcomes
- Make accurate use of concepts and be sensible and precisely
described
- Are usually numbered so that each objective reads as an 'individual'
statement to convey your intentions
•For each specific objective you must have a method to attempt to
achieve it. The development of a realistic time schedule may help to
prioritize your objectives and help to minimize wasted time and effort.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
OBJECTIVES
1. Clear - The wording should have to be very clear and
very well defined.
2. Complete - completeness is necessary because you will
be able to decide the extent of your research from your
research objectives. A complete research objective should
have information about the population to be studied.
3. Specific - research objectives should specifically focus
on the what, how when and where questions and there
should be no loopholes.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
OBJECTIVES
4. Identify the main variables of the research - In
the research objectives the researcher decides about the
main variables of the study. The variables are the
measurable concepts or quantities that will majorly
impact the research.

5. Identify the direction of the relationship - Some

research studies have hypothesis, in hypothesis testing
studies the researcher should define the direction in which
he want to test the variables.
Example :
Research topic - Service Quality in Gong Cha Sm Lucena
and the Level of Satisfaction of the Selected Customers
towards the Milktea Products offered

Research objectives :
- to measure the service quality Gong Cha Sm Lucena offers
- to determine the Level of Satisfaction of the customers of
Gong Cha Sm Lucena
- to identify whether there is a significant relationship
between the service quality and level of satisfaction as
perceived by the customers of Gong Cha Sm Lucena