Nano Materials
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Introduction to Nano Materials
Nano materials are materials with
unique properties at the nanoscale,
typically ranging from 1-100
nanometers in size.
They exhibit different physical,
chemical, and mechanical properties
compared to their bulk counterparts.
Nano materials have diverse
applications in various fields, including
electronics, medicine, energy, and
environmental sciences.
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Types of Nano Materials
Carbon-based Nano Materials:
- Carbon nanotubes possess
exceptional mechanical strength and
electrical conductivity.
- Graphene is a single layer of
carbon atoms arranged in a
hexagonal lattice, known for its high
conductivity and strength.
- Fullerenes are spherical carbon
molecules, often used in drug delivery
systems.
Metal-based Nano Materials:
- Silver nanoparticles are known for
their antimicrobial properties and are
used in coatings and wound healing. 2
Synthesis Methods
Top-down Approach:
- Involves reducing the size of bulk
materials using techniques like
lithography or grinding.
- Allows for precise control over the
size and shape of nano materials.
- Examples include electron beam
lithography and ball milling.
Bottom-up Approach:
- Involves building nano materials
atom by atom or molecule by
molecule.
- Allows for precise control over the
composition and structure of nano
materials. 3
Characterization Techniques
Electron Microscopy:
- Scanning Electron Microscopy
(SEM) provides high-resolution images
of nano materials' surface
morphology.
- Transmission Electron Microscopy
(TEM) provides detailed information
about the internal structure of nano
materials.
X-ray Diffraction (XRD):
- Determines the crystal structure
and phase composition of nano
materials.
- Helps analyze the arrangement of
atoms in a material. 4
Applications of Nano Materials
Electronics and Optoelectronics:
- Nano materials enable smaller,
more efficient electronic devices and
high-resolution displays.
- Quantum dots are used in LED
displays and solar cells.
- Nanowires enable flexible
electronics and high-performance
transistors.
Medicine and Healthcare:
- Nano materials are used in drug
delivery systems, enabling targeted
and controlled release of therapeutic
agents.
- Gold nanoparticles are used in 5
Challenges and Safety Considerations
Toxicity:
- Some nano materials may have
adverse effects on human health and
the environment.
- Proper safety measures and
regulations are essential to ensure
safe handling and disposal.
Scalability:
- Scaling up the production of nano
materials can be challenging due to
complex synthesis methods and high
costs.
- Developing scalable manufacturing
processes is crucial for
commercialization. 6
Future Directions and Research
Nanomedicine:
- Advances in nano materials are
expected to revolutionize drug
delivery, diagnostics, and
personalized medicine.
- Targeted therapies and improved
imaging techniques are being
explored.
Energy Storage:
- Nano materials hold promise for
developing high-performance
batteries and supercapacitors for
efficient energy storage.
- Research is focused on improving
energy density and charging rates. 7
Conclusion
Nano materials have unique
properties at the nanoscale, enabling
a wide range of applications.
They are synthesized using top-down,
bottom-up, and self-assembly
methods.
Nano materials have potential in
electronics, medicine, energy, and
environmental sectors.
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Questions and Discussion
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References
List of references used in the
presentation.
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