MULTI PARADIGM
PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES
By:
T.Keerthana (III –AI&DS)
S.Balamahalakshmi (III –AI&DS)
INTRODUCTION
• A paradigm can also be termed as a method
to solve a problem or accomplish a task.
A programming paradigm is an approach to
solving a problem using a specific
programming language.
TYPES
• Imperative programming
• Object oriented programming
• Logic programming
• Functional programming
1. Imperative programming paradigm
• It is one of the oldest programming paradigm. It
features close relation to machine architecture.
• It is based on Von Neumann architecture. It
works by changing the program state through
assignment statements.
• It performs step by step task by changing state.
The main focus is on how to achieve the goal.
The paradigm consist of several statements and
after execution of all the result is stored.
Advantages:
• Very simple to implement
• It contains loops, variables etc.
Disadvantage:
• Complex problem cannot be solved
• Less efficient and less productive
• Parallel programming is not possible
Examples of Imperative programming paradigm:
C : developed by Dennis Ritchie and Ken
Thompson
Fortran : developed by John Backus for IBM
Basic : developed by John G Kemeny and
Thomas E Kurtz
2.Object oriented programming
The program is written as a collection of
classes and object which are meant for
communication.
The smallest and basic entity is object
and all kind of computation is performed on
the objects only.
More emphasis is on data rather
procedure. It can handle almost all kind of real
life problems which are today in scenario.
Advantages:
Data security
Inheritance
Code reusability
Flexible and abstraction is also present
Examples of Object Oriented programming
paradigm:
Simula : first OOP language
Java : developed by James Gosling at Sun
Microsystems
C++ : developed by Bjarne Stroustrup
Objective-C : designed by Brad Cox
Visual Basic .NET : developed by Microsoft
Python : developed by Guido van Rossum
Ruby : developed by Yukihiro Matsumoto
Smalltalk : developed by Alan Kay, Dan
Ingalls, Adele Goldberg
Importance of Programming Paradigms
• Problem-Solving: Different paradigms can be more
effective for specific types of problems, allowing
developers to choose the most suitable approach.
• Code Maintenance: Some paradigms encourage
better organization and modularity, making code
easier to maintain and understand.
• Collaboration: Understanding different paradigms
can enhance collaboration among developers with
diverse backgrounds and expertise.
THANK YOU!
