Air quality monitoring
system.
Presented by: Sanskruti Gaikwad , Tanvi Gaikwad , Ayesha
Shaikh , Archana Patil
Objective: To design and build a low-cost, multi-parameter air quality monitoring system for real-
time environmental data acquisition.
Core Function: Simultaneously measures various pollutants and conditions to provide a
comprehensive snapshot of local air quality.
Current Implementation:
Microcontroller: Arduino Uno for processing and control.
Overview of Gases Detected: Combustible gases (LPG, Methane, Smoke) via the MQ-2 sensor.
Gases Detected: Carbon Monoxide (CO) via the MQ-7 sensor.
the project. Environment: Temperature and Humidity readings via the DHT22 sensor.
Output: Real-time data display on a 16x2 LCD screen and serial monitor.
Future Expansion:
Integration of PM2.5 & PM10 laser dust sensors to measure harmful particulate matter.
1. Hardware Integration & Prototyping:
To successfully interface and read data from multiple sensors (MQ-2, MQ-7, DHT22) with an Arduino
Uno.
To establish a stable circuit on a breadboard using jumper wires for flexible development.
To integrate and power a 16x2 LCD module for immediate, on-site data display.
2. Software & Data Processing:
To develop Arduino firmware (sketch) that can read analog and digital inputs from all sensors
simultaneously.
To implement basic data processing algorithms to convert raw sensor voltages into meaningful units
(e.g., PPM, °C, % RH).
Objectives. To ensure robust code that handles the unique heating cycle requirement of the MQ-7 sensor.
3. System Functionality & Performance:
To create a system capable of real-time monitoring of key air quality parameters: combustible gases,
carbon monoxide, temperature, and humidity.
To validate the system's functionality by testing its response to known sources (e.g., simulating
smoke, noting changes in humidity).
To achieve a clear and stable output of data on both the LCD screen and the Arduino Serial Monitor.
Microcontroller:
Arduino Uno R3
Sensors:
MQ-2 Gas Sensor (for combustible gases like LPG, Methane, Smoke)
MQ-7 Gas Sensor (for Carbon Monoxide - CO)
DHT22 Temperature and Humidity Sensor
Component
(Future: PM2.5 & PM10 Sensor e.g., SDS011 or PMS5003)
Output & Display:
s used. 16x2 LCD Display (with I2C interface module)
(Optional: Buzzer for alarms)
Connectivity & Prototyping:
Breadboard (for easy circuit prototyping)
Jumper Wires (Male-to-Male and Male-to-Female)
Power:
USB Cable (for power and programming)
Microcontroll
Air Sensors
er
Data flow
diagram. Wi-fi
connectivi Display
ty
Indoor air quality monitoring
detect harmful gases like carbon monoxide and smoke inside hones,
offices, and public buildings to improve health and safety.
Industrial safety
monitor flammable gas leaks and toxic gases in factories , workshops and
chemical plants to prevent accidents.
Applications Environmental pollution assessment
measure air pollution levels in urban areas or near traffic zones to study
pollution trends and impacts.
Smart home integration
integrate with home automation systems to trigger ventilation , alarms or
air purifiers based on pollutant levels.
Low cost
uses affordable sensors and components , making it accessible for widespread use.
Real-time monitoring
Advantages provides continuous , real-time data on air pollutants , temperature, and humidity.
. Portable and compact
small size allows easy deployment indoors or outdoors.
Multi-parameter measurement
simultaneously monitors multiple gases(like CO,smoke) along with temperature and humidity.
Limited sensor accuracy
MQ-series sensors are less precise compared to industrial grade sensors and require frequent
calibration.
Cross-sensitivity
Disadvanta MQ sensors can respond to multiple gases, making it difficult to identify specific pollutants
accurately.
ges Environmental influences
sensor readings may be affected by temperature, humidity, and airflow variations.
Power consumptions
continuous monitoring and sensor heating may consume significant power, limiting battery life.
#include "DHT.h"#define DHTPIN 2 // Digital pin connected to the DHT
sensor
#define DHTTYPE DHT22 // DHT 22 (AM2302)DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
void setup()
{ Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println(F("DHT22 test!"));
dht.begin();
}
void loop()
Code for { delay(3000);
// Wait a few seconds between measurements
DHT-22 float h = dht.readHumidity();
float t = dht.readTemperature();
if (isnan(h) || isnan(t))
{ Serial.println(F("Failed to read from DHT sensor!"));
return;
}
Serial.print(F("Humidity: "));
Serial.print(h);
Serial.print(F(" %\t"));
Serial.print(F("Temperature: "));
Serial.print(t); Serial.println(F(" *C"));}
Successfully designed and prototyped a functional air quality monitoring system using Arduino
as the core microcontroller.
Effectively integrated multiple sensors (MQ-2, MQ-7, DHT22) to detect various environmental
parameters.
Established a reliable data flow from sensor input to visual output on an LCD display.
Demonstrated the practical application of open-source hardware and software for
environmental sensing.
Created a cost-effective solution compared to commercial air quality monitors.
Conclusion The project serves as an excellent educational model for learning electronics, programming, and
sensor integration.
Provides a solid foundation and scalable architecture for future enhancements.
Successfully proved the concept of real-time, localized air quality assessment.
Highlights the potential for personal health awareness and proactive environmental monitoring.
Paves the way for further development into a networked IoT device for community-wide data
collection.
