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TYPES OF
MEDIA
WHAT IS
MEDIA?
Media base refers to the fundamental
platforms or channels through which
media content is created, distributed,
and consumed. Each type of media has
its own base or core characteristics, but
there are also many points of
intersection among them.
Print Media
Print Media

Media is undeniably the most efficient way of communicating to a large audience

because of its capacity to relay the message across cultures and distances. The
variety of media forms provides a menu of choices for when and where you can
access information. One such media form is print media. Also known as the press,
this type of media refers to materials that are written and are physically distributed.
Perhaps the most significant event in the history of printing is the invention of the
printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in 1440. This eventually led to the mass
production of books, which gave people an access to knowledge that they never
dreamt of during those times. Print media can either be in the form of a book, a
newspaper, or a magazine.
Books are the very first mass media in human history. Baran (2010) considers books as very personal
because they contain records of past experiences and human knowledge that are passed on to later
generations. Books also provide opportunities for escape and personal reflection as experienced by one
who reads a novel. Although targeted to a specific kind of audience, books are very specialized in that
they offer more ideas about a topic, unlike other mass media forms which are beholden to advertising
rules. When you read a book, you are able to stretch your imagination and think deeper about ideas that
you do not normally encounter in your everyday life. Books are movers and shakers of culture. As a
testament to this, books in physical form are being stored digitally as e-books.

In contrast to books, newspapers and magazines are advertising-based. This means that a larger bulk of
the earnings of magazine and newspaper publishers come from advertising products rather than selling
the magazine or the newspaper. Newspapers and magazines are published regularly, whereas books may
come out depending on the publisher’s prerogative.
Magazines and newspapers may be targeted for the general audience or may address the interests of a
particular group of readers. Magazines typically contain features or human interest articles, whereas
newspapers will definitely have news stories and occasionally have other types of articles. Both the
magazine and the newspaper may also have online versions for them to reach a wider and larger audience
who are more often virtually connected through the Internet.
FILM/CINEMA
Film / Cinema
The film as a media form is one that is considered impressionable and
has a cathartic effect on its audience. With moving/motion pictures, the
film is able to enhance the media experience of its consumer because of
the audio-video component which heightens both the sense of hearing
and sense of sight. Films are very important cultural artifacts because,
like books, they reflect the desires, ideologies, and sensibilities of the
culture to which they originate from.
BROADCAST
MEDIA
Broadcast Media

One of the most distinctive characteristics of the broadcast media is their ubiquity. They are
considered "household" media because they can be found in practically any corner of a home. The
broadcast media come in two forms—radio and television. According to Baran (2010), radio was
the first electronic mass medium and the precursor of television. Because of radio, television was a
success in most parts of the world. For a long time, radio was the "young people's media." This is
evident in the proliferation of FM radio stations catering to the musical taste of younger
generations, also known as format radio.

In the Philippines, you customarily expect FM programming to be format radio, whereas AM

programming is dominated by a news format. The landscape is slowly changing as news format has
already gone into frequency modulation. The AM radio still remains the same but more specialized
radio broadcasts have emerged catering to particular niches such as community radio.

Broadcasting has also started to conquer the Internet and mobile technology through Internet-based
radio and television.
Some people have mixed feelings about television as a media form. Some think that next
to the printing press, it is the second most important invention. "Television has changed
the nature, operation, and relationship to their audiences of books, magazines, movies,
and radio (Baran, 2010)." Others think that television has significantly dumbed-down its
content to adhere to what they call the "least common denominator" which means that
television programs avoid burdening the audience of complex and complicated
messages.
VIDEO GAMES
Video Games
Video games continue to grow popular to both young and old because of their increased interactivity and
interconnectivity, "from game consoles to personal computers to the Internet to cell phones (Baran, 2010
)." The Internet, on the other hand, is a development in media technology that is at the heart of all the
convergence that you see occurring in traditional media. The Internet made it easier to address a wider
audience in all corners of the world. Ideas reach other people in a shorter span of time. Thus, societies are
more connected than ever. Access to content whenever and wherever is almost possible.
POINT OF
INTERSECTION
AMONG MEDIA
FORMS
Points of Intersection among Media Forms
Synergy and convergence are what describes the media of today. According to freedictionary.com,
synergy is an "interaction of two or more agents or forces so that their combined effect is greater
than the sum of their individual effects."Convergence, on the other hand, means the combination
of various elements to create a new whole. Think of the traditional media forms converging into a
newer media form that optimizes your media use.
There is a very thin line that separates each media form. Synergy is the rationale behind the concentration of
media in one company or organization. Say for instance, a local network giant that has its main free-air
channel with affiliate cable channels and a cable company subsidiary owning a print media arm and a film
production unit.

Synergy is also a driving force for mergers and acquisitions in the media and telecommunications industries,
according to Baran. You probably have heard of the news in recent years about a telecommunication
magnate having an interest to buy another local television station to directly compete with the biggest
network in the country so far.

Convergence is a trend that cannot be done away with because the audiences are getting more fragmented.
Media organizations would like to reach as many as they can by diversifying the delivery of their message.
Also, audiences are no longer biased over one form of media to access content. Smart phones these days
have radio and television applications, which is a clear example of convergence.
 MEDIA TYPE/FORM CONVERGENCE

BOOK  E-BOOKS
 PRINT ON DEMAND(POD)

NEWSPAPER  ONLINE VERSION

 MOBILE APPLICATION VERSION

MAGAZINE  ONLINE PUBLISHING

 CUSTOM PUBLISHING
 MOVEMENT FROM PRINT TO TELEVISION(OR
VICE VERSA)
 ADVERTORIAL

FILM  CONCEPT MOVIES

 SEQUELS, REMAKES, AND FRANCHISES
 TELEVISION, COMIC BOOK, AND VIDEO GAME
REMAKES

RADIO  DIGITAL RADIO

 INTERNET-BASED RADIO AND PODCASTING
 RADIO ON TELEVISION (AND VICE VERSA)
TELEVISION  VIDEO CASSETE RECORDERS (VCR)
 DIGITAL VIDEO DISC (DVD)
 DIGITAL VIDEO RECORDER (DVR)
 DIGITAL TELEVISON OR HIGH-DEFINITION TELEVISION
 INTERNET-BASED TELEVISION
 VIDEO ON THE INTERNET
 INTERACTIVE TELEVISION
 PHONE-OVER-CABLE
 MOBILE VIDEO
 TELEVISION RECORDING

VIDEO GAME  ONLINE INTERACTIVE GAMING

 INTERNET-CAPABLE HANDHELD GAME DEVICES
 ADVERGAMING
 ADVOCACY GAMING

INTERNET AND THE WORLD  FUNCTIONALITIES OF THE TRADITIONAL MEDIA MOVING TO THE
WIDE WEB WEB PLATFORM
 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED TO MOBILE TECHNOLOGY
(E.G., SMART PHONES AND TABLETS)
 INTERNET CONNECTED, WI-FI CAPABLE TELEVISON MONITOR
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