Utilization of
Electricity
In this lesson, we will look at what
power really means, how electricity
is generated and distributed, and
how different sectors—like homes,
industries, and transportation—use
energy. We will also explore how
being energy-efficient helps both
our wallets and the planet.
At the end of this module, you are
expected to:
Define and distinguish between work,
power, and electric power;
Work, Power, and
Electric power
Who does work?
Conditions for Work
Displacement
Requirement
2 Work only occurs
when there is
Force Application 1
displacement.
For work to be done, a
force must be applied to Direction of Force
an object.
Only the component of the
3 force that acts in the direction
of displacement contributes to
work done.
Work
By definition, work in
physics is the product of
the force and the
displacement.
W F and W d
Calculating Work Done
1 2 3
Identifying Force Measuring Displacement Calculating the Angle
Determine the force applied to Measure the distance moved in Find the angle between force
the object. the direction of the force. and displacement vectors.
Formul
a
W = Fxd
J = N ∙m
W = F x cos θ d
W= work
Where : F = force (parallel to the displacement)
d= displacement (distance travelled)
Θ = Angle between force and motion (θ\
thetaθ) = 0° (same direction)
EXAMPLE 1:
A 20 N fruit basket is lifted at a
constant velocity from the floor
to a height of 1.50 m. How much
work is done on the fruit basket?
EXAMPLE 2:
Alex pulls on a 15 kg
crate with a force of
35 N at an angle of
40◦ from the
horizontal. How
much work does he
do in pulling the
crate at a distance of
20 m
POWER
Power is the rate at doing
work is
done or transferring energy.
It measures how much energy
is used
in a specific amount of time.
It's a scalar quantity, having
magnitude
but no direction.
POWER
• This shows an inverse relationship between time
and power:
Thus, mathematically, power may be expressed as:
Let us observe these two illustrations:
150 kg
150 kg
3m
Weightlifter A Weightlifter B
Let us observe these two illustrations:
150 kg
150 kg
3m
Weightlifter A 7.5 sec Weightlifter B
3. 5 sec
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
Dan climbs a flight of
stairs in 1.5 min. if he
weighs 450 N and the
stairs are 10 m from the
ground, how much power
will he develop?
Introduction to
Electric Power
What is Electric
Power?
In physics, power is the rate at which work is done
or energy is transferred.
Electric Power is the rate at which electrical
energy is converted into another form, such as
It's a heat, light, or
fundamental motion.
concept for
understanding
how electrical systems function.
The SI unit
Watt (W), for power is the
equal to one
second (J/s). Joule per
How to solve word problems related to the concept of
Ohm’s law?
Sample problem:
A portable speaker is powered by a
12-volt battery. If the speaker draws a
current of 2 amperes, what is the
resistance of the speaker?
Real-World Applications
Household Energy Consumption Electric Power Generation
Everyday Power Use
Large-Scale Production
Every appliance in our homes Power plants convert various energy
consumes electric power to forms (fossil fuels,
operate. Understanding their power nuclear, hydro, solar) into electrical
ratings (in Watts ) energy, producing
helps in managing energy use massive amounts of power measured in
effectively. Megawatts or
Gigawatts .
Energy Efficiency & Savings Transmission and Distribution
Energy-efficient appliances use less Generated power is transmitted over
power for the same task, lowering bills and long distances via high-voltage lines
environmental impact. and then distributed to homes and
businesses through a complex grid,
Simple habits like unplugging devices ensuring a stable and
and using reliable supply.
natural light can significantly cut down
energy use.
Practical Examples of Power
Calculation
Example
Energy 1: Light Bulb
Scenario:
hours. A 100W light bulb is on for 5
E = Power × Time
E = 100 W × 5 h = 500 Wh = 0.5 kWh
Insight: This is the energy unit you are
billed for.
Example: Electric Power Consumption and Billing (Meralco)
📋 Situation:
Let’s say your household uses the following appliances in one month:
Appliances Power Usage per day Days used per month
Refrigerator 150 W 24 hours 30 days
Electric Fan 75 W 10 hours 30 days
LED TV 100 W 4 hrs 30 days
Rice cooker 700 W 1 hr 20 days
Washing Machine 500 W 1 hr 8 days
Meralco charges ₱10 per kWh.
🧠 Step 1: Convert each appliance's power to kilowatts (kW)
• 1 kW = 1000 W
🔋 Step 2: Compute Energy Consumption per
Appliance Energy=Power (kW)×Hours per Day × Days Used
⚡ Step 3: Total Energy Consumption
💰 Step 4: Compute the Monthly Electric Bill
✅ Final Answer:
•Total Energy Used: ?
•Estimated Monthly Bill: ?
Home Energy Use
Tips to Reduce Electricity Use at
Home
• Unplug appliances when not in use
• Switch to LED bulbs
• Use natural light and ventilation
• Set aircon at 24–25°C
• Limit use of high-energy appliances
• Clean and maintain appliances
• Use a timer or smart plug
Thank You !!!
