WELCOME TO
CHAPTER 2
At the end of the lesson the
learners must be able to:
◦Understand the contents of a
Research Chapter 2;
◦Differentiate reliable sources from
unreliable sources; and
◦Identify research literature and
related studies.
Performance Standards
◦1. Cite sources properly;
◦2. Write literature and study reviews
effectively; and
◦3. Categorize reviews according to a
theme or topic.
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Parts of Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature
Review of Related Studies
Conceptual-Theoretical Framework
Definition of Terms
Literature may be defined as “written
works collectively, especially those
enduring importance, exhibiting creative
imagination and artistic skill which are
written in a particular period, language,
and subject (Funk & Wagnalls Dictionary
1976 as cited in Calmorin).
-Any written materials published in book,
journal, magazine, novel, poetry, yearbook
The review of related literature
and studies involves critiquing and
evaluating what other researchers
have done in relation to the
problem to be studied.
These can be from books,
conference proceedings, referred
journal (printed or online) and
RELATED LITERATURE
- Examines facts and principles from other
In thethat
resources Event
areof a LabtoAccident…
related the present
study.
Serves to preface the purpose of the
-
study, the related literature cannot be
evaluated without setting the foundation
for the review.
Reviewing the literature
requires the ability to juggle
multiple tasks, from finding and
evaluating relevant material to
synthesizing information from
various sources, from critical
thinking to paraphrasing,
evaluating and citation skills
REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
- Is an essential part of planning and
research stage of the study.
- Serves as basis of the analysis of results because
it allows the researchers to compare and contrast
his/her findings with those of past studies.
Literature review is only a critical recap of what has
been discussed about the topic.
5 SIMPLE TIPS:
1. Search for relevant literature in your topic.
Literature just means any academic sources like
books or journal articles about your topic.
You need to search in the right scholarly databases ,
like google scholar, science direct
2. Evaluate and select sources.
Read the abstract to scan whether an article is
relevant or not.
Scan also the bibliography to find other relevant
sources.
Pay attention to the citation count on Google
Scholar (if the count is high, the source is
probably important.
3. Identify themes, debates and gaps. Take notes and
pay attention to the connections between different
sources. You can organize your literature reviews
arguments and structure a lot easier.
Things to look for:
Trends and patterns
Themes
Debates and contradictions
Influential studies
Gaps
4. Outline your literature review's structure
4 common approaches to structure literature
review
1. chronological- from older to more recent
publications
2. thematic- organized around several key
themes
3. methodological- compare the different
research methods being used across studies
4. theoretical-use this to discuss opposing
theories or models
5. Get writing- Make sure your
literature review has an
introduction, a main body that
summarized and synthesizes
the sources and a conclusion.
THEORETICAL-CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
A theoretical-conceptual framework
can be thought of as a map or travel
plan (Sinclair, 2007).
It is important to consider relevant
theory underpinning the knowledge
based on the phenomenon to be
Theoretical Framework dwells
on time-tested theories that
embody the findings of
numerous investigations on how
phenomena occur.
The conceptual framework is the
researcher’s idea on how the
research problem will have to be
explored.
It embodies the specific direction by
which the research will have to be
undertaken.
