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Divide and Conquer Algorithm

Divide and Conquer is a problem-solving strategy that involves breaking a problem into smaller subproblems, solving each recursively, and combining their solutions. Common examples include Merge Sort, Quick Sort, and Binary Search, which demonstrate its effectiveness in sorting and searching tasks. This approach is foundational for many efficient algorithms in computer science.

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5 views8 pages

Divide and Conquer Algorithm

Divide and Conquer is a problem-solving strategy that involves breaking a problem into smaller subproblems, solving each recursively, and combining their solutions. Common examples include Merge Sort, Quick Sort, and Binary Search, which demonstrate its effectiveness in sorting and searching tasks. This approach is foundational for many efficient algorithms in computer science.

Uploaded by

pawanyadav701570
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Divide and Conquer Algorithm

Concept, Examples, and Applications


What is Divide and Conquer?
• • A problem-solving strategy
• • Divide the problem into subproblems
• • Conquer by solving each subproblem
recursively
• • Combine the solutions to solve the original
problem
Real-life Analogy
• • Sorting a deck of cards:
• – Split the deck into halves
• – Sort each half
• – Merge them back into a full sorted deck
Common Examples of Divide and
Conquer
• • Merge Sort (O(n log n))
• • Quick Sort (Avg: O(n log n), Worst: O(n²))
• • Binary Search (O(log n))
• • Strassen’s Matrix Multiplication (O(n^2.81))
• • Karatsuba Integer Multiplication (O(n^1.58))
• • Closest Pair of Points (O(n log n))
• • Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
Example: Merge Sort
• • Input: [38, 27, 43, 3, 9, 82, 10]
• • Divide: Split into halves recursively
• • Conquer: Sort each half
• • Combine: Merge sorted halves
• • Output: [3, 9, 10, 27, 38, 43, 82]
Example: Binary Search
• • Input: Sorted array [2, 5, 8, 12, 16, 23, 38],
Target: 16
• • Step 1: Middle = 12 → Search right half
• • Step 2: Middle = 23 → Search left half
• • Step 3: Middle = 16 → Found!
• • Output: Index of 16
Divide and Conquer - Pseudocode
• function divideAndConquer(arr):
• if len(arr) <= 1:
• return arr
• mid = len(arr) // 2
• left = divideAndConquer(arr[:mid])
• right = divideAndConquer(arr[mid:])
• return merge(left, right)
Summary
• • Divide and Conquer is a powerful
algorithmic strategy
• • Helps break complex problems into
manageable parts
• • Essential in sorting, searching, and
mathematical operations
• • Foundation for many efficient algorithms

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