TEACHING
METHODS
"Tell me, I will forget. Show me, I remember. Involve me; I
understand"
— Benjamin Franklin
Introduction to Teaching Methods
• What are Teaching Methods?
A way information is taught and brings the learner into contact Methods We'll Explore
with what is being learned
Lecture Group Discussion
Why are they important?
One-to-One Demonstration
Improves information retention
Enhances critical thinking
Role Play Gaming
Positively affects learning outcomes
Provides structured approach to education
Lecture Methods
Definition
Highly structured method where teacher verbally transmits
information directly to groups of learners
Characteristics of a Good Lecture
Etymology
• French: 'lectura' (to read)
• Latin: 'Legere' (to read) Professional demeanor Tailored speech
Body language Relevant topics
Historical Context
One of the oldest and most often used teaching methods in education Clear examples Student respect
Time management
Primary Uses
Foundational knowledge Group discussions
Summarizing data Research findings
Lecture Methods: Advantages & Limitations
•
Limitations
Advantages
Ineffective for affective & psychomotor learning
Efficient & cost-effective for large groups
Passive learning with minimal participation
Effective for cognitive learning
Instructor-centered approach
Provides foundational background information
Doesn't account for individual differences
Easily supplemented with handouts & audiovisual aids
Same information regardless of abilities or needs
Demonstrates patterns & highlights main ideas
Challenging with diverse groups
Best For
Considerations
Introducing new concepts, theoretical knowledge, large audiences, time-limited sessions
Combine with interactive methods to address limitations and enhance learning outcomes
Group Discussion
Definition
Method where learners exchange information, feelings, and opinions Types
with one another and with the educator
Cooperative • Collaborative
Enhances affective & cognitive domains Group activities, learner-centered, Unstructured, students find their own
enhances cognitive and affective skills resources to complete activities
Both learner-centered and subject-centered
Stimulates critical thinking
Fosters peer support and belonging Team-Based Case Study
Structured evidence practice, students
Focuses on real scenarios to solve complex
work together to achieve common
problems and improve critical thinking
Key Insight objective
Active participation leads to deeper understanding and knowledge retention
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Group Discussion: Advantages & Limitations
👤
Advantages Limitations
Some members may dominate discussion
Enhances affective & cognitive learning
Shy learners may not participate
Learner-centered approach
Requires skilled facilitation
Stimulates critical thinking
Time-consuming for information transfer
Encourages experience exchange
Requires teacher's presence at all times
Fosters peer support & belonging
Best For
Group Size: 5-15 Time: 30-60 min
Complex problem-solving, developing communication skills, building collaborative abilities Facilitator: Essential
One-to-One Instruction
Definition
Direct exchange between educator and learner to communicate
Key Characteristics
knowledge, ideas, and feelings
Types Tailored pace Individual assessment
Formal Informal All learning domains Special needs support
Planned activity with structured Unplanned interaction that occurs Immediate feedback between teacher and learner
approach and specific objectives spontaneously during teaching
Opportunity for personalized instruction
Effective for initial assessment and ongoing evaluation
Suitable for learning disabled or disadvantaged
Key Benefit
Positive effect on client education and compliance
One-to-One Instruction: Advantages & Limitations
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Advantages Limitations
Tailored pace & content to individual needs Learner isolated from peers with similar needs
Ideal for initial assessment & evaluation No opportunity for peer learning
Effective for all learning domains Can put learner "on the spot" as sole focus
Suitable for special needs learners Questioning may feel like testing knowledge
Immediate feedback between teacher & learner Risk of information overload in sessions
Best For
Personalized instruction, complex skill development, individualized education plans Individual Focus Time Intensive Resource Heavy
Demonstration & Return Demonstration
•
Definition
Purpose
Teaching method where educator shows how to perform a skill and
learner demonstrates competence by performing the task Primarily involves psychomotor domain skills
Enhances cognitive and affective learning
Provides clear sequencing of procedural steps
Process
Builds educator credibility and trust
Demonstration Return Demo
• Key Elements
Educator shows how to perform a Learner performs with cues from
particular skill educator as needed
Hands-on practice Visual learning
Key Benefit Verbal guidance Repetition
Builds educator credibility and inspires learners to achieve excellence
Demonstration & Return Demonstration: Advantages & Limitations
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Advantages Limitations
Effective for psychomotor skills development Can be passive for learners
Engages visual, auditory, tactile senses More effective with verbalization and lecture
Models commitment to learning activity Small audience size required for practice
Scaffolding provides clear image of each stage Equipment can be expensive
Builds educator credibility Competency evaluation needs 1:1 ratio
•
Best For •
Practical skill development, hands-on procedures, technical training Small Groups Equipment Needed Time Intensive
Role Play
Definition
Instruction method where learners actively participate in unrehearsed
dramatization, playing assigned characters to develop communication Key Characteristics
skills
• Active participation Unrehearsed
Key Information
• Used to achieve behavioral objectives in affective domain
• Optimal group size: 25 participants Emotional response Character assignment
• Best suited for educational settings
Communication focus Affective domain
Purpose Implementation Tips
• Provide clear instructions and scenario
Develop communication Elicit emotional response
• Allow time for preparation
• Create safe environment for participation
• Debrief after role play to reinforce learning
Enhance interpersonal skills
Promote critical thinking
Role Play: Advantages & Limitations
👤
Advantages Limitations
Can be time-consuming
Actively involves participants
May create pressure & embarrassment
Adds variety & reality to learning
Can trigger strong emotions
Develops problem-solving skills
Requires careful planning & monitoring
Provides new perspectives on situations
May reinforce ineffective behaviors
Offers immediate feedback to teacher
Depends on imagination & willingness
Enhances transfer of learning to real world
Best For
Communication skills training, empathy development, conflict resolution, behavioral Group Size: ≤25 Time: 30-60 min
change Facilitator: Essential
Gaming
Definition
Active teaching strategy using games to engage students in learning
activities that promote critical thinking and deeper content
Key Characteristics
understanding
Research Findings Active participation Critical thinking
• Nursing students develop deeper learning of content
• Stress levels are subdued
• Critical thinking is promoted Team collaboration Engagement & motivation
• Students become motivated and enjoy participation
Best Practices
Purpose & Benefits • Align games with learning objectives
• Ensure clear instructions and rules
• Balance competition with collaboration
• Debrief after gameplay to reinforce learning
Positive attitudes Cultural sensitivity
Caring skills Tech-savvy learning
Gaming: Advantages & Limitations
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Advantages Limitations
Enhances experiential learning More difficult with larger class sizes
Increases student involvement & motivation Requires additional space
Accommodates different strengths & weaknesses May increase stress or embarrassment
Good adjunct to traditional methods Competition can feel threatening
Promotes teamwork concept Can be noisy & disruptive
Creates engaging learning environment May cause unwillingness to participate
Best For
Complex problem-solving, skill reinforcement, knowledge application, collaborative
learning Small Groups Time Intensive Resources Needed
Summary and Conclusion
Key Teaching Methods
Lecture Group Discussion One-to-One
Tailored to individual needs, immediate feedback
Efficient for cognitive learning, foundational information Enhances affective and cognitive domains, peer support
Demonstration Role Play Gaming
Effective for psychomotor skills, visual learning Promotes critical thinking, motivation, teamwork
Develops communication skills, emotional engagement
Interactive Reflection
Which method for theoretical concepts? Which method for practical skills? How to combine methods effectively?
