Harambee University
Pharmacy & Computer Science
Students
Introduction to Emerging Technology
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Chapter 1:
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
In this chapter the following point will discussed:-
Evolution of technology
Role of data for emerging technology,
Enabling devices and networks for
technologies (programmable devices),
Human to Machine Interaction (HCI) and
Future trends of technologies
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Evolution of Technologies
Emerging technology is a term generally used to describe
a new technology.
It may also refer to the continuing development of existing
technology.
It can have slightly different meanings when used in different
areas, such as media, business, science, or education.
The term commonly refers to technologies that are currently
developing, or that are expected to be available within the
next five to ten years, and is usually reserved for technologies
that are creating or are expected to create significant social or
economic effects.
Technological evolution is a theory of radical transformation
of 3
What is the root word of technology and evolution?
Technology:
1610s, from Greek technologies "systematic treatment
of an art, craft, or technique," originally referring to
grammar, from techno - (see techno-) + -logy.
The meaning "science of the mechanical and industrial
arts" is first recorded in 1859.
Evolution:
Evolution means the process of developing by gradual
changes.
This noun is from Latin evolution, "an unrolling or
opening," combined from the prefix e-, "out," plus
volvere “ to roll." 4
List of some currently available Emerged Technologies
Artificial Intelligence,
Block chain,
Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality,
Cloud Computing Angular and React,
Internet of Things (IoT),
Intelligent Apps (I-Apps),
Big Data,
Robotic Processor Automation (RPA).
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Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)
The Industrial Revolution was a period of major
industrialization and innovation that took place.
An Industrial Revolution at its core occurs when a society
shifts from using tools to make products to use new
sources of energy, such as coal, to power machines in
factories.
The Industrial Revolution was a time when the
manufacturing of goods moved from small shops and
homes to large factories.
This shift brought about changes in culture as people
moved from rural areas to big cities in order to work.
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Introduction to the Industrial Revolution…
Industries such as textile manufacturing, mining, glass
making, and agriculture all had undergone changes.
Generally, the following industrial revolutions
fundamentally changed and transfer the world around us
into modern society.
These are:-
The steam engine
The age of science and mass production, and
The rise of digital technology
Smart and autonomous systems fueled by data
and machine learning
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Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
The industrial revolution began in Great Britain in the late
1770s.
The final cause of the Industrial Revolution was the effects
created by the Agricultural Revolution.
As previously stated, the Industrial Revolution began in
Britain in the 18th century due in part to an increase in
food production, which was the key outcome of the
Agricultural Revolution.
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Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)…
The four types of industries are:
The primary industry involves getting raw materials
e.g. mining, farming, and fishing.
The secondary industry involves manufacturing
e.g. making cars and steel.
Tertiary industries provide a service
e.g. teaching and nursing.
The quaternary industry involves research and
development industries e.g. IT.
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Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)
The Industrial Revolution (IR) is described as a transition to
new manufacturing processes.
It included going from hand production methods to
machines, the increasing use of steam power and the
development of machine tools and the rise of the factory
system.
Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)
It is, also known as the Technological Revolution, began
somewhere in the 1870s.
Included the development of methods for manufacturing
interchangeable parts and widespread adoption of pre-
existing technological systems such as telegraph and
railroad networks. Electricity transmission line 10
Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)
Third Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0) introduced the
transition
from mechanical and analog electronic technology to
digital electronics which began from the late 1950s.
Due to the shift towards digitalization, IR 3.0 was given the
nickname, “Digital Revolution”.
The factor of this revolution is mass production &
widespread use of digital logic circuits and its derived
technologies such as the computer, hand phones and the
Internet.
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Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
Now, with advancements in various technologies such as
robotics, Internet of Things, additive manufacturing and
autonomous vehicles.
The technologies mentioned above are what you call –
cyber- physical systems.
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Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
Data is regarded as the new oil and strategic asset since we
are living in the age of big data, and drives or even
determines the future of science, technology, the economy,
and possibly everything in our world today and tomorrow.
Data have not only trigger tremendous hype and buzz but
more importantly, presents enormous challenges that in
turn bring incredible innovation and economic
opportunities.
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Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
In the world of digital electronic systems, there are four
basic kinds of devices: memory, microprocessors, logic,
and networks.
Memory devices store random information of database.
Microprocessors execute software instructions to perform
a wide variety of tasks.
Logic devices provide specific functions, including
device-to-device interfacing, data communication, signal
processing, data display, timing and control operations,
and almost every other function a system must perform.
The network is a collection of computers, servers,
mainframes, network devices, peripherals, or other
devices connected to one another to allow the sharing of
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data.
Enabling devices and network...
An excellent example of a network is the Internet
Why is a computer referred to as a programmable device?
Because what makes a computer a computer is that it
follows a set of instructions(Program).
A full range of network-related equipment referred to as
Service Enabling Devices such as:-
Traditional channel service unit and data service unit,
Modems, Routers, Switches, Conferencing equipment,
Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs), Hosting equipment
and servers.
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Human to Machine Interaction
HMI refers to the communication and interaction between
a human and a machine via a user interface.
HCI is the study of how people interact with computers
and to what extent computers are or are not developed for
successful interaction with human beings.
As its name implies, HCI consists of three parts:
User,
Computer
the ways they work together.
The user interacts directly with hardware for the human
input and output such as displays, e.g. through a graphical
user interface.
The user interacts with the computer over this software
interface using the given input and output (I/O) hardware.
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Human to Machine Interaction…
The goal of HCI is to improve the interaction between users
and computers.
Disciplines Contributing to Human-Computer Interaction
Cognitive Psychology: Limitations, information processing
performance prediction, cooperative working, and
capabilities.
Computer Science: Including graphics, technology,
prototyping tools, user interface management systems.
Linguistics
Engineering and Design
Artificial Intelligence
Human Factors
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Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
Emerging technology trends in 2019
4G Networks, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Autonomous
Devices, Block-chain, Augmented Analytics, Digital Twins,
Enhanced Edge computing and Immersive Experiences in
Smart Spaces
Some emerging technologies that will shape the future of
you and your business are Catboats, virtual/augmented
reality, block chain, Ephemeral Apps and Artificial
Intelligence are already shaping your life whether you like it
or not.
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