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The Effects of Free Radicals on Pulmonary Surfactant Lipids and Proteins

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Oxidative Stress in Lung Diseases

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Abstract

The pulmonary surfactant forms a mixed protein–lipid film at the air–lung interface. It plays a dual role of surface tension reduction and host defense against inhaled pathogens. In acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), high surface tension throughout the lung results in intrapulmonary shunts and edema leading to atelectasis and hypoxemia. Pulmonary surfactant inhibition is associated with various pulmonary diseases. ALI/ARDS is common (150,000 new cases per year in the United States) with mortality ranging from 30% to 60% depending on disease stage. High surface tension can result from an absence of a surfactant film over significant portions of this interface, or from the presence of dysfunctional layer of surfactant. Elevated cholesterol levels are shown to be a potent surfactant inhibitor. Oxidative damage to both phospholipids and proteins is shown to inhibit surfactant function. The pulmonary surfactant may be degraded by reactive oxygen and nitrogen (RONS) species in the inflamed lung in the presence of physiological cholesterol levels. The inhibitory mechanism of oxidative damage on the surfactant film is outlined in this chapter. Lipid-sequestering therapies, including cyclodextrins, may offer a potential treatment to restore surfactant function and reduce pulmonary inflammation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular & Respiratory Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Mustafa Al-Saiedy, Francis Green & Matthias Amrein

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  1. Mustafa Al-Saiedy
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  2. Francis Green
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  3. Matthias Amrein
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India

    Sajal Chakraborti

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Narasimham L. Parinandi

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India

    Rita Ghosh

  4. Apollo Hospitals Educational & Research Foundation (AHERF), Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Nirmal K. Ganguly

  5. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India

    Tapati Chakraborti

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Al-Saiedy, M., Green, F., Amrein, M. (2020). The Effects of Free Radicals on Pulmonary Surfactant Lipids and Proteins. In: Chakraborti, S., Parinandi, N., Ghosh, R., Ganguly, N., Chakraborti, T. (eds) Oxidative Stress in Lung Diseases. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9366-3_1

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