L

Lesson I
COMPUTER 7v,r;g8
7v,ry;g8u c,osp’L
c,jospa’L
 7v,ry
v,r;g8
v,r;g
;g8
g8u (COMPUTER)
7v,ry;g8u (Computer) c,jov5xtdvogvug]ad38^oyd-toyfobj’ lk,kf9qf9e0=h,6o c]t 7elaj’wfh
gIaf.shme’kowfh3fp vaf8t3o,afS ,u7;k,w;l6’S oe.-hle]a[7eo;o c]t ,u75olq,fugfajo7n
lk,kfoewxxtp5d.-hda[;Pd8jk’Mwfh7n:
• ;Pdmk’;yymtpklkfD
• ;Pdxt9e;aoD
• ;Pd’kodkolb
P’ dlkD
• c]t ;Pd’ko[aogmu’D

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 95fxtlq
fxtlq’0v’[qfoUU
1. lj;oxtdv[
oxtdv[s^ad 0v’7 v’7v,ry;gg88u
2. I6h9adda[ xtgrf0
xtgrf0v’7
v’7v,ry;gg88u
3 7v,r;g
3. v,r;g8 y 8u gIf;Pdwfco;.f
a wh .
4. c,jospa’7n Ikfc Ikfc;; c]t -v[c;
5. djvoo99t-N 7v,ry;gg88u 8hv’I
’I66h9adspa’
6. I6h9adda[ vv55xxtdvole]a
tdvole]a[gda[Ia
[Iadlk0lk0=h,6o

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! IhII66h9dd[l;oxtdv[s^
!D adda[lj;oxtdv[sad 0v’
v’77v,ry
v,r;g8
v,r;g;g8
g8u
1. (Monitor) 9=rk[: 7nlj;oltcf’rk[D
2. CPU (Central Processing Unit)
so;pxt,;ozo
soj ;pxt,;ozqo :
gxaolj;omujgIafsohkmuj7eo;o c]t 7;[75,D
3. (Keyboard) 7u[vf cxhory, :
7ncxhory,muj.-hry,8q;vadlvoD
4. (Mouse) g,Qkl : gxaov5xtdvo.-h-U 8ec|’
(Cursor) g7njvophkpwxpa’myf8jk’M.o9=rk[D

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 @@D IhI69dd[7v,r;g8
adda[7v,ry;g8u xtgrf8k’M
xtgrf8jk’M

Mainframe, Mini Computer c]t Supper Computer 7v,ry;g8ulj;o[5d7qo (PC)

gs,ktle]a[;Pd’ko]tfa[vq’dvo.sjpM
gs,ktle][;Pd’ko]tf[v’dvo.spM
gs,ktle]a[;Pd’kolj;o8q;

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 2.1. Mainframe,
Mainframe Mini Computer c]t Supper Computer
Mainframe, Mini Computer c]t Supper Computer c,jo7v,ry;g8umuj,u0tsokf.spj c]t
,u0uf7;k,lk,kfl6’ .-hda[;Pd’ko0t|kf.spjM g-ajoG

• ;Pd’komtok7koD
• ;Pd’korklu]tfa[-kfD
• ;Pd’ko7eo;o-A
P’ -ol’D
6’

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 @ @ 7v,ry
@D@D v,r;g8
v,r;g;g8
g8ull;o[
l;o[5
j;o[d
o[5d7qo (PC)
Personal Computer (PC) cx8k,8q; c,jo7v,ry;g8ulj;o[5d7qo c]t wfhIa[7;k,oypq,l6’l5f
7v,ry;g8uxtgrfoU4ndvvdc[[grnjv.-hda[;Pd‘koltgrkt[5d7qo g-ajoG

• dkolk’gvdtlkoD
h
• dko7eo;omqj;MwxD
• fhko[aogmu’g-a-jo g[yj’soa’
2a’gra’ c]t s^Yogd,D

{ s,kpgsfG g4y’1jk’.fd+8k, 9kd7;k,9tg]uodhk;sohkfhkog8af3o3]-u.oxt95[aoc]h;

7v,ry;g8ulj;o[5d7qo d+4ndrafmtok.sh,u0uf7;k,lk,kfl6’0Bo c]t ,u0uf7;k,lk,kfl6’d;jk
g7njv’g,og2i, c]t ,yoy7v,ry;g8u [k’]5ho0v’vkfuf c]t 4ndoe.-hhg0QQk.o;Pd’ko.spjjMwfhhD
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 # 7v,r;g
#D v,ry;g8
v,r;g8
g8uggIf;Pdco;.f
Iaf;Pdco;.f
7v,ry;g8u c,jog7njv’7eo;o-toyfsobj’ g-yj’[+8jk’spa’da[g7njv’7yfw]jg]d mujgIqkI6h9addaofuF
7v,ry;g8u 9tgIaf;Pd3fpG

Input
p Processing
g Output
p

!D dkoIa[gvqk 0=h,6o s^n 7elaj’g0Qkwx gvUo;jkdko (Input)

@ 9kdoA
@D 9kdoo9tfegoodko7eo;o8k,3xcd^
o9tfegouodko7eo;o8k,3xcd,mu ,mwfdeofw;
jwfhdeoqfw;h gvo;kdko
gvUo;jkdko (Processing)
#D c]t 9tltcf’zqo]a[vvd,k.shI6h gvUo;jkdko (Output) :

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Input

lk,kflaj’wfh 3fpdkodqfx5j, Keyboard s^n x5j, Mouse, g,njvvyor5fg0Qk7v,ry;g8uc]h;

7v,ry;g8u9tg]U,gIaf;Pd 3fpdkogIf;Pd9tgxoco;wfoo
7v,r;g89tg],gIf;Pd 3fpdkogIaf;Pd9tgxaoco;wfoAo c,jc,o0o16
o0Bo1jda[[3x^
3xcd,
cd^, (Program)
muj7v,ry;g8u.-hD

Program

s^kp7og7p.-7e;k
skp7q og7up.-h7e;jk 3x^
3xcd,
cd^, .o-u
.o-;fxt9e;og-oG
;yfxt9e;aog-ajo 3x^
3xcd,soa
cd^,so’’ 3x^
3xcd,c0j
cd^,c0’0og8kt[ko
’0aog8kt[ko
3x^cd^,dkolvo Xs,kp7;k,;jk 3x^cd^,c,jo dkodeoqflyj’muj9tgIaf gvqkw;h]j;’sohk?D
3x^^cd^^,0v’ 7v,ry;g8yd+,u7;k,s,kp7hkpMdaoD

Output

7nlyj’muj4ndltcf’vvd,k9kd9=7v,ry;g8u 3fp9tltcf’zjkov5xtdvoltcf’zqog-ajo 9=rk[

((Monitor)) c]t ryog8u ((Printer)) D

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 $$D 7v,ry
7v,r;g8
;g8u 7f
7bf c]t 7eo;owfco;.f
7eo;owfhco;.f
(CPU)

CPU (Central Processing Unit): Processor

xP[gs,nvolts,v’0v’7qo gonjv’9kd;jkgxaorkdlj;ofP;muj,u7;k,lk,kf .odko7eo;o

X4h4k[+,u CPU 7v,ry;g8ud+[+lk,kf7yfspa’wfh?D
Processor:
gxao38-U0kf;jk 7v,ry;g8u,u7;k,lk,kfgmqjk.fD -nj0v’ Processor .oxaf955[ao ,u Intel
Pentium 4, Intel Celeron c]t vnjoMD

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 $D!D
$ ! czoza
czoz’0v’dkoxt,;ozo
’0v’dkoxt,;ozqo

Input CPU Output

Memory

Memory X7;k,9e?:
4kxP[da
h [7qqoc];h d++7nda[dkomuujgIqqkwf9n
w h nj;jk luu8jk’Mgxaoco;.f
. xtgmf]k;16j.l c]t vnnjoMDD
memory 16j.o7v,ry; c,jo,usohkmuj 9nj9egvqk3x^cd^,muj8hv’oewx7yfw]jD

SD RAM (old) DDR RAM (new)

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& IhI69dd[
&D adda[ Ikfc; (Hardware) c]t -v[c; (Software)
[aofkv5xtdvo7v,ryy;g8uu muujlk,kfg[yyj’gsaof;p8k
h c]t 9a[8v’wf
h w h c,ogvU
j Uo;kj
(Hardware) c]t [aofk3x^cd^,16j.o7v,ry;g8u c,jogvUo;jk (Software)D

Software 8jk’daoda[ Program co;.f ?D

7e;jk -v[c; c]t 3x^cd^, lk,kfoe,k.-hcmodaowfh gonjv’9kd;jk

,u7;k,s,kp.dh7P’daoskpF
,7;k,s,kp.d7P’dos^ kpF 8j8k’dorP’c8;kG
k’daorP’c8j;jkG
{ Program 7nG rklkg7njv’le]a[7v,ry;g8u8A’c8j ! 7elaj’0BowxF
{ c8j Software 7nnG rklkg7nnjv’muujoe,kxtdv[da
e x aoc];h lk,kfoewxgIa
ewx fa ;Pd
vao.fvaosobj’ wfh8k,95fxtlq’D

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 &&D!D
! 8q8;1k’dP;d[
;1jk’djP;da[ Ikfc; (Hardware)

PC set Laptop/Notebook Printer

Scanner Speaker Modem

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 & @ 8q;1jk’dP;d[
&D@D k’djP;da[ -v[c; (Software)

Programs on Desktop Power DVD Out Look

Microsoft Words Microsoft Excel Power Point

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* djdvo9t-
*D dvo9t
vo9t-
o9t-N 7v,r;g8
7v,ry;g8u 7;oldlksp’L
7;olbdlkspa’L
1. ;PdgIqqkc,ospaj ’ L: gIafgvdtlkoF
8k8t]k’F ltgsou’koF s^Yovyog8ugoafF
vug,]FF g[yj’soa’F
’F 2a’gr’’ c]t vnjoMDD
M
2. pujs=h0v’g7njv’ L: SONY, TOSHIBA, IBM,
DELL, ACCER, COMPAC, etc..

3
3. xuxmzt]f
mujzt]yf L: 7v,r;g8cs’.s,
7v,ry;g8ucsj’.s,j
csj’,u7;k,lk,kfl6’.
4. 7;k,w; L: Pemtium?, Cerelon? Athlon?,
etc..

5. 7;k,95 L: 5GB, 10GB, 20GB, 40GB, 80GB,

500GB, etc..

6. 95fxtlq’ L: gIaf;Pdshv’dkoF [aogmu’F

0Po-ufu c]t vnjoM..

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* ! 7;k,lk,kf
*D!D ;k,lk,kf00v’
v’77v,ry
v,r;g8
v,r;g;g8
g8u g[y
g[’wfco;.fL
j’wfhco;.fL
1
1. Processor: Pentium 4,
4 3.0GHzD
3 0GHz
2. Memory: DDR 512 Mb.
3. HDD: 80GB.
4. DVD/CD-RW:
DVD/CD RW: 48X/32X/4X.
5. FDD: Floppy Disk 1.44”
6. Modem/Fax: 56Kpb.
7. Port: USBx2/LAN/IEEE1394.
8. Monitor: 19”LCD.
9. OS: Windows XP Home
Edition SP2.
10
10. Software: Microsoft Office 2003,
2003
AutoCAD2002, etc...
11. Accessory: Speaker, etc...
CPU (Central Processing Unit)

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*D@D
* @ IhI69addd[
da[ mk’ovd0v’ 7v,ry
7v,r;g8
;g8u

CPU

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*D#D
* # IhII66h9dd[
adda[ mk’.o0
mk’.o0v’ 7v,ry
v,r;g8
v,r;g;g8
g 8u
1
1. Processor: Pentium 4,
4 3.0GHzD
3 0GHz
2. Memory: DDR 512 Mb.
3. HDD: 80GB.
4. DVD/CD-RW:
DVD/CD RW: 48X/32X/4X.
5. FDD: Floppy Disk 1.44”
6. Modem/Fax: 56Kpb.
7. Port: USBx2/LAN/IEEE1394.
8. Monitor: 19”LCD.
9. OS: Windows XP Home
Edition SP2.
10
10. Software: Microsoft Office 2003,
2003
AutoCAD2002, etc...
11. Accessory: Speaker, etc...

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**D#D!
# ! mk’soh
mk’sokk0v’ 7v,r;g
mk’sok0 v,ry;g8
v,r;g8
g 8u

1. DVD/CD-RW

2. CD-ROM

3. FDD

4. Power

5
5. Reset

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 * # @ mk’sa
*D#D@ mk’s^’0v’ 7v,ry
v,r;g8
v,r;g;g8
g 8u
1. [jvolP[w22hkg0Qk.
1 2. [jvolP[w22hkvvd.
2 3. [jvolP[ g,Qkl Xlu0P;?.
4. [jjvolP[ 7u[vf Xlu,j;’?.
4 3 5. [jvolP[ ryog8U Xluvyf?.
6
6. [jvolP[ lalopkog0k
[volP[ opkog0Qk Xl2k?
Xlu2hk?.
6 5 7. [jvolP[ USB.
7
8
8. [jvolP[ goafg;ud.
9 9. [jvolP[ ]e3r’ Xlu0P;?.
10
11 10. [jvolP[ ]e3r’ Xlu2hk?.
12
11. [jjvolP[ w, XlulQ,?.
12. [jvolP[ 9= Xlu2hk?.

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 ((D ljl;oxtdv[mle7
l;oxtdv[mle
;oxtdv[mujle7
e7oa 0v’ 7v,r;g
v,ry;g8
v,r;g8
g 8u
Hard Disk
4
M th b
Motherboard
d

Memory
3

CD drive

2
[+,u [+wfh
5
Modem/LAN
[+,u dwf
[, d+wfh
Processor

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 ( ! 4kor
(D!D koru-u (Motherboard)
kor-
1 4koru-u (Motherboard): c,jjogxao4ko];, g-yj’
,usohkmujg-njv,8+]ts;jk’[aofk Hardware
8jk’M grn
8k’M grv.sgIf;PdI;,dowfD
jv.shgIaf;PdIj;,daowfh
• pUs=h0v’ Motherboard ,u7n :
ABID,
AOpen,
ASUSTeK,
EPoX,
GIGA-BYTE,
Iwill,
Motherboard / Mainboard MSI,
I t l
Intel,
etc..

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 ( @ 8q;xt,;ozo
(D@D ;xt,;ozqo (Processor)
8qq;xt,;ozqqo (Processor):
gxaov5xtdvoxt,;ozqo .og;]kmuj
7v,ry;g8u4ndxhvo7elaj’
7v,r;g84dxvo7el’D
Intel Pentium Intel Celeron
• pUs=h c]t ]5ho0v’ Processor ,u7n :
8086 – 486:
86 1996.
996
Intel Celeron: 1990-2005.
2 Athlon: 1990-2005.
Intel Pentium: 1990.
Intel Pentium II: 1995.
Intel Pentium III: 1998.
Intel Pentium 4: 2003.
Intel Pentium M: 2005.
Processor
etc..

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 ( # 7;k,
(D#D ;k,99e (Memory)
4 7;k,9e (Memory): c,jov5xtdvole]a[
9njgvqk3x^cd^, grnjv,kxt,;ozqo s^a’9kdmujwfh
SD RAM (old PC) vyyor5f7ela
e aj’g0QQk.o7v,ry
. y;g8uuc];D
h
• pUs=h c]t ]h5o0v’ Memory ,u7n :
DIMM: SDRAM (old desktop)
RIMM: DDR (old desktop)
DDR RAM (new PC)
SIMM: (Notebook/Laptop)

• 7;k,950v’ Memory ,u7n :

DIMM: 32Mb, 64Mb, 128Mb, 256Mb
RIMM: 128Mb, 256Mb, 512Mb..
SIMM: 32Mb, 64Mb, 128Mb,
256Mb, 512Mb..
SIMM (Notebook)

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 ( $ 3,gf,
(D$D ,gfa, c]t goa
gofg;d
fg;ud (Modem & LAN Cards)
5
3,gfa, (Modem card): c,jjo.-hhgrnjv8+da[
lkp3m]tla[ grnjv.-hg-njv,g0Qkskvyog8ugoaf
Internet s^
sn grvl’c2d
grnjvlqj’c2Jd FaxD
{ 3,gfa, ,uma’c[[8yf8A’.ljrkp.og7njv’
M d
Modem card
d LAN card
d
gvUo;jk Internal Modem Card faj’.oI66[F
c]t c[[8yf8A’16jmk’ovd0v’g7njv’
gvUo;jk External Modem
goafg;ud (LAN card): LAN c,josp=h,k9kd 7e;jk
External Local Area Network cx;jk
M d
Modem g7nv0jkpc[[0q’g0fmhv’4yjo .-h
g7v0kpc[[0’g0fmv’4oF .-g-v,8
g-njv,8+
[aofk7v,ry;g8u.ljdao grnjvc]dxjPo0=h,6o
.shdaowfhD

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 ( $ g7njv’vko}
(D$D v’vjko}0
v’vko}0
o}0Po -ufu s^sn f;f
fu;ufu (DVD
(DVD--RW/CD
RW/CD--RW)

6 g7njv’vjjko}0Po -ufu s^n fu;ufu (DVD-

RW/CD-RW): c,jog7njv’,nmuj.-h
vjkos^n0Po0=h,6o ]tsj;k’ czjo CD s^n
DVDD
Internal DVD/CD Drive
• CD ROM : vjko CD wfhD

• CD ROM : 0Po CD wfD wfh

• CD ROM : vjko CD/DVD wfhD

• DVD/CD-RW : vko
DVD/CD-RW j DVD 0Po CD.
External DVD/CD Drive • DVD-R/RW : 0Po CD/DVD wfhD
DVD-R/-RW

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 ( & 7;k,
(D&D ;k,9959 Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
;k,95
3 7;k,95 (Hard Disk):
c,jo[jvogda[,hPo0=h,6o c]t
Internal HDD 3x^cd^,8jk’D
• 7;k,950v’ HDD ,u7nG
2GB, 4GB, 8GB,
10GB, 12GB, 20GB,
40GB, 80GB, 120GB,
500GB, etc..
External HDD

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)D
) g7
g7njv’gd[
v’gda[0=h,6o c[[ czj
v’gd[0 czoo-ufu s^sn f;f
czo- fu;ufu (DVD/CD Disks)
czoj DVD s^n CD: c,jjov5xtdvomuj.-hh
gda[0=h,6o 9kd7v,ry;g8uw;h g-ajoG
0=h,oogvdtlko
0,6 gvdtlkoF gr’
gr’F ;u;f3v
fu3v c]t
vnjoMDD X7hkp7nda[Hard Disk HDD)
CD-R: 0PowfhgmnjvfP;D
CD-R DVD+R
CD-RW: 0Powfhs^kpgmnjvD
DVD-/+R: 0PowfhgmnjvfP;D
DVD-/+RW: 0Powfhskpgmn
0Powfs^ kpgmvD
jv
• 7;k,950v’ DVD c]t CD ,u7nG
CD: 650MB(74min),
700MB(80min)
DVD: 4.7GB(120min),
8.5GB(240min).
DVD-R DVD-RAM

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)D!D
) ! g7
g7njv’gd[,Po
v’gda[,hPo0
v’gd[,Po0o0=h,6o c[[ (USB Stick)
161cvl[u
l ult8yyd USB Stick:
c,jov5xtdvomuj.-h gda[0=h,6o
9kd7v,ry;g8uw;h g-oG
9kd7v,r;g8w; g-ajoG 0,6
0=h,oogvdtlko
gvdtlkoF
gr’F ;ufu3v c]t vnjoMDD X7hkp7nda[
HDD c]t DVD/CD)
USB stick
-toyf0v’ USB Stick ,u7nG
!D c[[.-hgda[,hPo0=h,6o
@D c[[.-hgda[,hPo0=h,6o
c]t2a’fr’wfhD
7;k,950v’ USB Stick ,u7nG
16MB, 32MB, 64MB, 128MB,
512MB, 1 GB & 2 GB….
USB Music player

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)D@D
) @ g7
g7njv’gd[,Po
v’gda[,hPo0
v’gd[,Po0o0=h,6o c[[ (Floppy Disk/Diskette)
czo
zj Diskette: c,ov5
j xtdvomuuj.-h gda[a 0==h,6o
9kd7v,ry;g8uw;h g-ajoG 0=h,6ogvdtlkoF gr’F
;ufu3v c]t vnvoMDD
;f3v joM X7kp7d[
X7hkp7nda[ HDD c]t DVD/CD
c]t USB Stick)
7;k,950v’ Diskette ,u7nG
1.44MB = 1,440 KB = 1,440,000 Bytes

Terabyte Gigabyte Megabyte Kilobyte Byte

(TB) (GB) (MB) (KB) (B)
1,099,511,627,776 1,073,741,824 1,048,576 1,024 8
Floppy
ppy Disk (Bytes) (Bytes) (Bytes) (Bytes) (Bites)
1,024 GB 1,024 MB 1,024 KB 1 KB 1B

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 0tsokf
tsokf00v’[ofkg
v’[aofkg7
v’[ofkg7
fkg7njv’gd[
v’gda[0=h,6o
v’gd[0

HDD DVD-R HDD USB

((40GB)) ((4.7GB)) ((700MB)) ((256MB))

= 27,778 x = 3,264 x = 486 x = 178 x

Diskette
(1.44MB)

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 0tsokf
tsokf00v’[ofkg
v’[aofkg7
v’[ofkg7
fkg7njv’gd[
v’gda[0=h,6o
v’gd[0

30000
27778

20000

(1.44MB)
10000 3264
486 178

(40GB) (4.7GB) (700MB) (256MB)

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