English Assignment

Submitted By: Charulata Bagewadi Roll no: 115

SYNONYMS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Abandon Accident Ambition Assail Banish Behavior Bestow Bonus Caution Cease Clean Costly Conquest Command Deed Desire Dissent Error Evil Forgive Faith Glitter Hit Jump Array Give up, hand over, desolate, empty, quite Chance event, hap, mishap, misadventure luck Aspiration, pretension, objective, target, aim Attack, assault, beset, storm, strike Cast out, deport, displace, expel, shun Conduct, deportment, doings, comportment, tenure Add, bring, contribute, import, lend Incentive, fillip, donatives, extra Alertness, care, precaution, forethought Discontinue, quite, terminate, finish, stop Unsoiled, uncertain, wash, pure, fresh Splendid, precious, extravagant, rich, expensive Overpowering, dominating, subjugation, subjection Bid, control, mastery, instruction, statement Act, human action, assign, convey, makeover Appetite, longing, passion, appetency, graving Differ, disagree, conflict, disunion, friction Blunder, fault, mistake, inaccuracy Bad, wicked, injurious, ill, sin Pardon, excuse, rewet, stop blaming Belief, trust, confidence, dependence, hope Glint, sparkle, flash, glisten, shine Smash, bang, strike, shoot, collision Skip, spring, leap, boost, bounce Arrange; organize, display

26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Kindle Lazy Magnify Mellow Noted Often Opponent Peace Pretend Quarrel Quick Rational Realm Scent Solace Tiny Triumph Unite Useful Vain Vice Wander Wild Young Zenith

Fire, ignite, inflame, awaken, challenge Idle, sluggish, indolent, work-shy Blow-up, enlarge, dignify, amplify, phrase Matured, aged, ripened Famous, observed, remarked, mentioned, noticed Frequently, repeatedly, often times, oft, over & over Antagonist, adversary, resister, opposer Quite, calm, tranquility, stillness, serenity Act, bluff, fake, suppose, affect fight, controversy, dispute, squabble, Rapid, speedy, fast, immediate, hasty Intelligent, logical, sensible, consequent, sound Kingdom, land, dimension, scope, orbit Aroma, fragrance, perfume, smell, odor Comport, console, upraise, cheer, soothe Diminutive, minute, miniature, dwarf Victory, conquest, win, overcome, beat Associate, combined, connect, link, relate Practicable, functional, favorable, helpful, benefit Empty, hollow, idle, futile, fruitless Corruption, immorality, depravity, fault, wickedness Digress, roam, depart, roll, vagabond Uncultivated, savage, irresponsible, furious, rough Immature, fresh, green, infant, inexperienced Apex, pinnacle, climax, peak

ANTONYMS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Bold Abolish Abridge Abortion Brisk Capture Cause Common Dawn Defensive Eat Eccentric Fantasy Famous Fear Gaiety Heal Harsh Ideal Illegible Ill Joyous Justify Kind X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Coward Retain Magnify Consumption Slow Release Effect Rare Dark Effensive Vomit Normal Reality Notorious Courage Sorrow Hurt gentle Actual Legible Well Sorrowful Condemn Cruel 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Latest Luminous Master Major Neat Odd Pain Quick Refuse Sage Shut Tease Total Undertake Utilize Vain Vacate Weighty Wanton Lavish Yield Yearn Zenith Eliminate X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Oldest Dark Servant Minor Dirty Even Pleasure Slow Accept Idiot Open Please Partial Refuse Waste Modest Occupy Light Chaste Misery Resist Loathe Collapse Include

ARTICLES Indefinite Articles

The above example shows that the article a is used before a consonant sound of a singular, countable indefinite noun (a pen, a book).

Article an is used before vowel sound of singular countable indefinite nouns. It means these nouns begin with the vowel sounds. Article an should be used before vowel sounds of the indefinite nouns. Ex: an Island, an apple, an umbrella, an honest man

Article a and an used before singular countable nouns in exclamations. Ex: what a beautiful flower it is! what an accident!

Article a is used before plural nouns preceded by the words such as few, great, make, many, lot of, couple of, great deal of, etc Ex: a few men, a couple of days, etc

Definite Articles
Article the is a definite article which is used before a particular person or thing Ex: john met the Minister (particular Minister) Meera read the Novel (particular Novel)

Article the is used before Plurals Ex: Mohan writes the letter We listen to the story It is used before the singular noun signifying one class or species. It is also called the generic use of the article. Ex: the dog is faithful animal (it means all Dogs are faithful)

Article the is used before the names of rivers, seas or oceans, bays, mountains, deserts, directions, regions, famous books or holy books.

It is used before the adjectives a superlative degree Ex: Shrinivas is the tallest boy in the class It is used between the noun and the ordinal number Ex: King Charles 2nd Friday the 14th

PREPOSITIONS
Definition: Prepositions are a class of words that indicate relationships between nouns, pronouns and other words in a sentence. Most often they come before a noun. They never change their form, regardless of the case, gender etc. of the word they are referring to.

Prepositions of place Preposition of place

Explanation

Example

Inside

I live in New York She looks at herself in the mirror.

in

This is best team in the world

used to show an exact position or particular place

I met her at the entrance at the bus stop

at

That girl was at the concert The girl who is by / next to / beside the house.

by,

next

to,

not far away in distance

beside, near

in or into the space which separates two places, people or objects

The town lies halfway between Rome Florence. and

between

at the back (of)

I hung my coat behind the door.

behind

in front of

further forward than someone or

She started talking to the

something else

man in front of her (or covered by)

lower

than

the cat is under the chair.

under

something else lower than something else.

the plane is just below the cloud

below

above or higher than something else, sometimes so that one thing covers the other.

She held the umbrella over both of us.

Most

of

the

carpets

over

more than. across from one side to the other. overcoming an obstacle higher than something else, but not directly over it

cost/are over $100. I walked over the bridge She jumped over the gate a path above the lake

above

Prepositions of time Preposition of time

Explanations

Example

days weekend (American English)

Many

shops

don't

open on Sundays.

on

What

did

you

do on the

weekend?

in

months / seasons / year morning / evening / afternoon

visited

Italy in July, in spring, in 1994

period of time

In the evenings, I like to relax. This is the first cigarette I've had in three years.

night weekend (British English) used to show an exact or a particular time:

It gets cold at night. What did you do at the weekend? There's a meeting at 2.30 this afternoon / at lunch time.

at

from a particular time in the past until a later time, or until now

England have not won the World Cup in football since 1966

since

used to show an amount of time.

I'm just going to bed for an hour or so.

for

back in the past; back in time from the present:

The

dinosaurs

died

out

65

ago

million years ago.

before

at or during a time earlier than used when saying the time, to mean before the stated hour

She's always up before dawn. It's twenty to six.

to

past

telling the time used to show the time when something starts

five past ten The museum is open from 9.30 to 6.00 Tuesday to Sunday.

from

up to (the time that)

We waited till / until half past six for you.

till / until

not later than; at or before

She

had

promised

to

be

by

back by five o'clock.

Other Prepositions

Preposition

Explanation

Example

used to show the origin of something or someone

"Where

are

you from?"

"I'm from Italy."

used to show the material of which something is made

The desk is made from pine. Things went from bad to worse.

from

used to show a change in the state of someone or something

used

to

show

possession,

a friend of mine a kilo of apples

belonging or origin of

used after words or phrases expressing amount, number or particular unit

used to show the person or thing that does something:

I'm reading some short stories (written) by Chekhov.

by

used for showing some methods of travelling

It'd

be

quicker

to

get

there on foot /on horse public transport

on

entering vehicle

get on the train

Preposition

Explanation

Example

entering a car / Taxi

She got in the car and drove fast.

in

off

leaving a public transport

She got off the bus

PUNCTUATIONS

Period or Full Stop [.] Use a period to show the end of a sentence.

Hockey is a popular sport in Canada.

The federal government is based in Ottawa.

Use a period after certain abbreviations.

B.C. is the province located on the West Coast. Dr. Bethune was a Canadian who worked in China. The company is located at 888 Bay St. in Toronto. It is 4:00 p.m. in Halifax right now.

Question Mark [?] Use a question mark at the end of a sentence to show a direct question.

What is your name? How are you doing? Where is Library Which is your favorite novel?

Exclamation Mark [!] Use an exclamation mark at the end of a sentence to show surprise or excitement.

We won the Stanley Cup!

The forest is on fire!

Comma [,] Use a comma to show a pause in a sentence.

Therefore, we should write a letter to the prime minister.

Use a comma with quotation marks to show what someone has said directly.

"I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow."

Use commas for listing three or more different things.

Ontario, Quebec, and B.C. are the three biggest provinces.

Use commas around relative clauses that add extra information to a sentence.

Emily Carr, who was born in 1871, was a great painter.

Apostrophe ['] Use an apostrophe to show ownership of something.

This is David's computer. That is Teachers desk.

Use an apostrophe to show letters that have been left out of a word.

I don't know how to fix it.

Quotation Marks ["] Use quotation marks to show what someone has said directly.

The prime minister said, "We will win the election."

"I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow."

Colon [:] Use a colon to introduce a list of things.

There are three positions in hockey: goalie, defense, and forward.

Use a colon to introduce a long quotation.

The prime minister said: "We will fight. We will not give up. We will win the next Election"

Semicolon [;] Use a semicolon to join related sentences together.

The festival is very popular; people from all over the world visit each year.

Use a semicolon in lists that already have commas.

The three biggest cities in Canada are Toronto, Ontario; Montreal, Quebec; and Vancouver, B.C.

Dash [-] Use a dash before a phrase that summarizes the idea of a sentence.

Mild, wet, and cloudy - these are the characteristics of weather in Vancouver.

Use a dash before and after a phrase or list that adds extra information in the middle of a sentence.

The children - Pierre, Laura, and Ashley - went to the store.

Most Canadians - but not all - voted in the last election.

Use a dash to show that someone has been interrupted when speaking. The woman said, "I want to ask - when the earthquake began to shake the room.

Hyphen [-] Use a hyphen to join two words that form one idea together.

Sweet-smelling

Fire-resistant

Use a hyphen to join prefixes to words.

Anti-Canadian

Non-contact

Use a hyphen when writing compound numbers.

One-quarter

Twenty-three

AUXILORY VERBS Non-Finite (infinite) Finite

Infinitive

Present participle

Past participle

Present

past

Be Have Do

Being Having Doing

Been Had Done

am, is, are have, has do, does Shall Will Can May Must Ought Need Dare Use

was, were Had did Should Would Could Might Use

Ex:

I am samiti college student. Amina is my friend. It was a good day. There were stars in the sky last night. Have you got my book? Friendship has no end. I had good time with friends Did you see my pen? Shall we go for movie? We should obey the rules and regulations Will you write it for me? Would you please lend me your notes? How can you do that! I could have done that. May I know your name please? That might not be the case you are thinking about We must follow the traffic rules Do you need any help? We use to do combined study.

USE OF CAPITAL LETTERS

1.

The capital forms are always used with the Noun (Place, person, thing, animal) Ex: Toronto, Ieon Bird, Shoes, Octopus

2.

For famous personalities, for writing the name of subject Ex: Tom Cruise, Political Science

3.

To exhibit human emotions Ex: Alas,

4.

To mention national and regional festivals Ex: Independence Day, Dashahra

5.

To mention all the twelve months, days Ex: January, Friday

6.

To indicate famous incidence Ex: world war