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Electric Circuits & Electron Devices - EC 2151 Devices - EC 2151

This document provides an overview of electric circuit analysis techniques including node-voltage analysis, mesh-current analysis, superposition, Thevenin's and Norton's theorems, and maximum power transfer. It describes the objectives of learning to formulate node-voltage and mesh-current equations and use each method to solve circuits. Examples are provided of using node-voltage analysis to find voltages and power, including circuits with dependent sources, and using mesh-current analysis to find currents, including cases with current sources and dependent sources.

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56 views23 pages

Electric Circuits & Electron Devices - EC 2151 Devices - EC 2151

This document provides an overview of electric circuit analysis techniques including node-voltage analysis, mesh-current analysis, superposition, Thevenin's and Norton's theorems, and maximum power transfer. It describes the objectives of learning to formulate node-voltage and mesh-current equations and use each method to solve circuits. Examples are provided of using node-voltage analysis to find voltages and power, including circuits with dependent sources, and using mesh-current analysis to find currents, including cases with current sources and dependent sources.

Uploaded by

bhuvi2312
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Electric Circuits & Electron

Devices - EC 2151
Ms. B. RAMANI, L/ECE
S. S. N. College of Engineering

Circuit Analysis Techniques


1.

Node-Voltage method

2.

Mesh- Current method

3.

Superposition method

4.

Thevenins and Nortons circuits

5.

Maximum Power Transfer theorem

Objectives
To formulate the node-voltage equations.
To solve electric circuits using the node voltage method.
To introduce the mesh current method.
To formulate the mesh-current equations.
To solve electric circuits using the mesh-current method.

Nodal Analysis with Independent Sources


node voltage set
R1

+
-

V1

Va

R3

R2

Vb

R4

IS

reference node
Choose a reference node.
Define the node voltages (except reference node and the one set by the
voltage source).
Apply KCL at the nodes with unknown voltage.

Va V1 Va Va Vb
+
+
=0
R1
R2
R3

Vb Va Vb
+
= IS
R3
R4

Solve for Va and Vb in terms of circuit parameters.

Example: 1
Use node-voltage method to calculate the power
supplied or absorbed by each source

P40V= - 400W

P20V= - 100W

P5A= + 50W

NODAL ANALYSIS WITH DEPENDENT SOURCES

R1
ISS

Vb

I2

R3
R2

Va

R4

Vb Rm I 2
I ss + I 2 +
=0
R3
Va = Rm I 2
Vb
I2 =
R2

+
-

RmI2

Example 2
Use Nodal analysis to find Io

Io = 1.75 A

Super Nodes
 A super-node is formed by enclosing a voltage source
connected between two Non-reference nodes.

Super Nodes

Is
Add the two equations to get

These are the two node equations for the super nodes

Mesh Current Method

Mesh-Current Method (Loop


Analysis)
Nodal analysis was developed by applying KCL at each nonreference node.
Mesh-Current method is developed by applying KVL around
meshes in the circuit.
Loop (mesh) analysis results in a system of linear equations which
must be solved for unknown currents.
Reduces the number of required equations to the number of
meshes
Can be done systematically with little thinking
As usual, be careful writing mesh equations follow sign
convention.

Definitions
Mesh: Loop that does not enclose other loops
Essential Branch: Path between 2 essential nodes (without crossing other
essential nodes).
How many mesh-currents?
A

# of essential nodes
Ne = 4
# of essential branches
Be = 6
No. of Mesh-currents

M = Be (Ne-1)

+
-

Enough equations to get unknowns

Steps of Mesh Analysis


1. Identify the number of basic meshes.
2. Assign a current to each mesh.
3. Apply KVL around each loop to get an equation in terms of
the loop currents.
4. Solve the resulting system of linear equations.

Identifying the Meshes


1k

1k
1k

V1

Mesh 1

Mesh 2

V2

V2

Assigning Mesh Currents


1k

V1

I1

1k
1k
I2

Voltages from Mesh Currents


+ VR
R

+ VR
I2

R
I1

I1

VR = I1 R

VR = (I1 - I2 ) R

1k
V1

I1

1k
1k
I2

V2

Mesh-Current Equations
R1
V1

R2
R3

I1

-V1 + I1 R1 + (I1 - I2) R3 = 0


I2 R2 + V2 + (I2-I1) R3 = 0

I2

V2

Mesh Current Method


1. Assign mesh currents
6

2. Write mesh equations


i1(20+6+4) + (i1-i2)(4+6) = 0
i2(2+4+4) + (i2-i1)(4+6) 70 = 0

i1

20
4

4
6

3. Solve mesh equations


40i1 - 10i2 = 0
-10i1+ 20i2 = 70
=========================
40i1 - 10i2 = 0
70i2 = 280
Solution: i1 = 1A; i2 = 4A

70V

+
-

i2
2

Mesh current method Cases


Case I: When a current source exists only in one mesh

Loop 1
-10 + 4i1 + 6(i1-i2) = 0
Loop 2
i2 = - 5A
No need to write a loop
equation.

Case II: Super Mesh


When a current source exists between two meshes

Case III: Mesh with Dependent Sources

-75 + 5i1 + 20(i1-i2) = 0


10ix + 20(i2-i1) + 4i2 = 0

ix = i1 - i2
+

75V

-75 + 5i1 + 20(i1-i2) = 0


10(i1-i2) + 20(i2-i1) + 4i2 = 0
i2 = 5A
i1 = 7A

i1

20

i3

i2

10ix

Example 3
Use the mesh-current method to find io

Ans. Io = A

Solution

Solution Contd..

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