F.
EXTERNAL PACKAGING
TYPES OF PACKAGING
2. TYPES OF PACKAGING
There are two different types of transport packaging to choose from:
Load-bearing packaging
(external fastening)
Add-on packaging
(internal fastening)
(see definitions in A 2)
ill. 10:
load-bearing packaging
ill. 11:
Add-on packaging
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F. EXTERNAL PACKAGING
TYPES OF PACKAGING
Example:
add-on packaging
Example:
add-on packaging with
OSB-cladding and marking to
prohibit the use of forklift trucks
as well as marking of the
centre of gravity
Example:
spreading of loads through
additional extended floor
construction
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TYPES OF PACKAGING
Load-bearing packaging has to resist different and higher stresses
when lifted (bending forces on the bottom, transversal forces on the
lid) compared to add-on packaging.
Other internal and external forces, such as horizontal, vertical and
transverse acceleration, compression loads in stacks etc. are the
same for all packaged units, provided they can be stacked.
Load-bearing packaging also fulfils the following tasks:
to keep goods together which consist of individual units, to
provide rigidity to unstable goods and enable stacking;
to provide stability to the goods and protect them against
tilting and falling over; this is particularly important with top
heavy goods, goods with an eccentric centre of gravity and
goods with a small standing surface;
to ensure an even distribution of the load on the floor, if necessary by providing suitable support or enlarging the standing
area and thus avoiding excessively high punctual or linear
pressure - important for the load bearing properties of ships'
decks, containers and aeroplanes;
if necessary, prop single units against each other within the
packaging;
ensure that packaged goods can be handled by stacking
equipment and lifting gear and cope with stacking conditions;
ensure that there is no mechanical damage to the packaged
goods.
The following packaging means can be distinguished by their construction details which in turn result from different demands due to the
packaging goods themselves and their specific sensitive aspects:
case
crate
partial packaging
Case
A case is a rigid hollow container which can be handled and loaded
according to the load assumptions contained in these guidelines, see
chapter B. It consists of six construction elements assembled at right
angles to each other. The surfaces form a solid cladding.
It may be necessary to use angled lid surfaces when exceeding maximum loading dimensions. If such profiles are applied, we talk of a
profiled case.
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F. EXTERNAL PACKAGING
TYPES OF PACKAGING
Crate
A crate in the definition of this guideline is a rigid wooden and hollow
construction based on the case design but where the individual sides
are not built in solid cladding without spaces, although it is not excluded that some of its parts are built in solid cladding without spaces.
The share of boards in the whole wall surface is normally around 40
60 % with a minimum board width of 10 cm.
Partial packaging
Partial packaging forms can be quite different.
Included in partial packaging types are
square batten constructions
sledges
claddings
bundles
Examples of partial packaging forms:
ill. 12:
square timber construction
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TYPES OF PACKAGING
ill. 13:
sledge or cradle
ill. 14:
cladding
ill. 15:
bundle
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