FUNDAMENTALS AND
PRINCIPLES OF PACKAGING
TFE 5209
(TYPES OF PACKAGING)
Mr. L.K. NCUBE
INTRODUCTION
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF PACKAGING?
TYPES OF PACKAGING
There are namely;
• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary
PRIMARY PACKAGING
• Smallest unit of distribution or use
• In direct contact with the content
• It provides the initial, and usually the major
protective barrier
• It is generally all the packaging which eventually
finds its way into the domestic waste stream, once
the product is used up
PRIMARY PACKAGING
The function of primary packaging is ;
• Protective Function
• Storage
• Loading & Transport
PRIMARY PACKAGING
Examples of primary packaging’
• Metal cans,
• paperboard cartons,
• glass bottles and plastic pouches,
• aerosol spray can,
• Beverage can,
• cushioning envelopes,
• plastic bottles,
• etc…
SECONDARY PACKAGING
• Outside primary packaging, perhaps used to group
primary packages together
• It is the physical distribution carrier and is
sometimes designed so that it can be used in retail
outlets for the display of primary packages.
SECONDARY PACKAGING
The function of secondary packaging is ;
• Sales Function
• Promotional
• Service & Guarantee
SECONDARY PACKAGING
Examples of secondary packaging;
• Corrugated board,
• Thermoformed plastic trays for shelf ready packing
• Boxes
• Etc…
TERTIARY PACKAGING
• It is made up of a number of secondary packages.
• It is used to collate secondary packs for ease of
transport.
TERTIARY PACKAGING
The function of tertiary packaging is;
• Bulk handling,
• Warehouse storage
• Transport shipping.
TERTIARY PACKAGING
Examples of tertiary packaging is;
• Stretch-wrapped pallet of corrugated cases
• Roll cages and crates
TYPES OF PACKAGING
TYPES OF PACKAGING
Often, packages can be defined by their intended
destination;
• Consumer package
• Industrial package
TYPES OF PACKAGING
Consumer package
• One that will ultimately reach the consumer as a unit
of sale from a merchandising outlet
TYPES OF PACKAGING
Industrial package
• One for delivering goods from manufacturer to
manufacturer
• Industrial packaging usually, but not always, contain
goods or materials for further processing
CLASSIFICATION OF PACKAGING
Packages can be classified as;
1) Traditional or natural and
2) Fabricated or modern packaging materials
CLASSIFICATION OF PACKAGING
Traditional or natural materials
Examples include;
• Bamboo basket,
• Fiber or leaf mats,
• Leather containers of animal skin,
• Clay containers,
• Cloth bags,
• Arecanut and teak leaves sheath
• Etc
CLASSIFICATION OF PACKAGING
Modern materials.
Are divided into three;
• Rigid -metal drums, metal barrels, glass bottles,
glass jars, wooden boxes, wooden crates, plastic
bottles, plastic drums, plastic crates, paper drums,
plywood containers etc
• Semi-rigid - aluminium collapsible tube, plastic
collapsible tube, composite container, paper based
cartons etc
• Flexible – paper, plastic bags etc
TYPES OF PACKAGING
Identify this packaging by;
• Type
• Intended destination
• Classification
• Use
TYPES OF PACKAGING
Have you noticed how similar the packages of some
products are to the packages of their direct
competitors?
DISCUSS…
END
