IB HL Mathematics
Review questions
Matrices and
Vectors
ANSWERS det — k=
PE [64
1-4
=P 3k 2=0
= (k-2Mk-1)=0
> ka1,2
(a) ABS
(B= 1>e-124+6=1, giving
(AB, = 19-16 +56+7=1, — giving
3) (:
(b) The system is BY= | 0 | where X°= | y
is (:
(5) (7-4 ~6ys
s 1]o
3 4 fe
k-4 3
Ne kell
2 k= ak 1) +6" 0
> P-3k+2=0
=> (k-2Yk-1)=9
mk=2ork=
(a) Since det 4 #0, 4+ exists.
Hence AB = C3 B= A4'C
(1 0 0)
(bo) @) DA=|0 1 0
901
Gi) Bea C=De
i
my
™1)
(A2)
ay
an
(M1)
(ay)
my
vl)
(Al)
1)
(ch
ay
™1)
ap
3
ia]
[4]
3)
Ht (©) The system of equations is,
i
oA | ¥ | 26
WJ
‘The required point = (1,1, 2).
an-(t “ P(t a]
-(
Fl 2g ayes
2 ar 8) fareey 2-8)
\s aha 2} (ersi6 40
ans 4
BA
AB= BA = fr + 16= 24 and dy +8= 40
This gives x = | and y= 8.
The matrix is singular if its determinant is zero.
Then,|1 0 -% -13) |
=P +65 + Tk 78-15 49k
(= 11k + 28)
=k YE-D.
‘Therefore, the matrix is singular if = 4 or k= 7.
[A |= 202k +4) +5) + M438)
lal=0
= 3 ~ Bk
i
k-3- 5
3
0
Note: Award (A2) for k = 3 with no working.
(@) Determinant
(b) Using row operations,
whence 4
Note: There are other methods.
ti)
(Al)
(AD
(Al)
(Al)
M1)
«a
(Al)
(MIKA)
Ml)
(an)
(AIMAD
ap
(1M)
AD
(3)
(C3)
(C6)
v7
{3}
81
(8) 16.
a
2D
(ec) Put u, so that y= 1+ wand x+2—3y, (MIKAIMAL)
ory piso thatz™ uw — land x=5—3y. 3
Note: Award (M1) for any correct meihad and (A 1) for each
correct equation (ignore the equation that identifies the
parameter).
“Award no marks for particular solutions.
singular matrix => det = 0 (Rl)
b-
An‘ (Al)
(G=24-2)-6=0 mi)
=>V-TA+6=0 (Al)
A=loré ANI (CO
Note: Award (C2) for one correct answer with no working.
AA'XB=AC (MIMAL)
IXBB" = ACB (MIKAD)
X= ACB (MIYAL) (C6)
ay
3) 4 2p
Ae q (MIMAT.
Joh fal 2 OMIXAD
ay
(aD
(Al) (C6)
For multiplying @-X)@+ X+ 3°) MI
= PAIX+ DO-XI-X 8 = 1X4 XX (AIMAL)
x AL
Tr Al
AB=1=>A* @)
(-XU+ X4 X= 1 F- XY aT XX AG
™
(8
{8}
(]
(6) 13. METHOD
23
anab-( at
12
X =B'(A~AB}=
METHOD 2
Attempting to set up a matrix equation
X= B'(A- AB)
{i
(from GDC)
(Mian)
(mM)
aly
(A2) (C6)
(M2)
(AQ)
(A2) (C6)
ts} 3.
Substituting gives,
2QA+4)+3(-2-2)-GA42)~2 Oy
+8 -3-6-32- ws)
2 2a
=-1 an
Intersection is (2, ay
The system of equations will not have @ unique solution if the determinant
of the matrix representing the equations is equal to zero.
a -1 2
Therefore, 2. 3 ol = mi)
1-2 a
4 x3a+20+2x(4-3)=0 omy
2 14a (at)
(AD
(@) A perpendicular vector can be found ftom the vector product
FEE EERE
OPxOG=|1 -3 2|a7~37-sk (MIXA1)
21 =]
- Lsalag
(b) Area s0PO= = 16P|AQ)sina
where Gis the angle between OP and OO (Mi)
eet
3lP
$ +3.
Putting /= 0 and = 1, we get the coordinates of points P, and P,
as (3, 3, 5) and (0. 2, 8), respectively.
Vevtors SP, and SP; are given by SP,
and §P,=-i+j+6k ™)
7 Fj &
A vector perpendicular to both SP; and SP, is SP,xSP;=|2 2 3] (an)
ri 1 6
9F -15] 4k (AD
Let T(x, y. 2) be any point of the plane x. Since $= (1, 1, 2)
ST = (1-1 +(y—1)j +(2-2)k isa vector in Hence TS
ne, (= I~ 150°— 1) + 4(2-2) = 0 = 9x 15y 4 42~2=0 (An
OR
QS=(-3i 4-3) F+(2-9)k Mp
‘The equation of the plane containing the line ? and passing
‘through the point $ is determined by / and the vector 50.
Hence, the equation is:
3) (3) (-2
3}eal-1 [asf -2 My (An)
s} (3) (+3 V5 om, 4C= 213 em
Note: Award (42} for all 3 correct, (Al) for 2 correct.
AH? + CH? ~ AC?
2A CH)
_ 25+45~52
30v5
te, AHC =74.4° (to the nearest one-tenth of 2 degree)
BUS, 2149, 2096)
Bic eT 2ya nk
(148 )
Therefore, j 2r+7 {}2] =0
lose 2}
(+5444 14 t4r4+ 80,
‘Then 4B=| 1 |, and the required distance AB = 3.
(a)
(b)
(AQ)
(M1)
Al)
(MD
AD
(AD
(Al)
(a2)
(M1)
(Ad)
(M1)
(Al)
4
[4 (4) Anormal to the plane is given by (Ml)
Therefore, the equation of the plane is of the form x + y+
and since the plane contains 4, then 1 +24 (tl)
Hence, an equation of the plane is—x + y +22 (LD 3
(e) Vector fi above is parallel to the required line.
(1)
ap 2
(A) Distance of a point (xo, yp, 20) from a plane ax + by + cz+d=0
; is given by othe t era +4 any
Va? +8? +0
since -x + y + 22~3 = 0 and D is (2, -1.-6) (Mi)
7 18
then; distance = —____' = —_
viviet Je
=36 AD 3
(g) Unit vector in the direction of a is é (Mi)
4+ Fark Al) 2
eit tb) ay
7 (=a is also acceptable)
(h) Let H be the intersection of DE with the plane. then
' D414 F2642N=3 (M1)
= 6r= 18 an)
i st-3
= RCI, 2, 0) mm)
but H is the mid point of DE (Al)
=> BC4, 5.6) AD 4
(24)
9. A vector that is normal to the plane is given by the vector product d; « dy
: where d; and d are the direction vectors of the lines L; and L respectively.
ijk
a*h-|2 1 (2)
lo 1 3
\ — 6 + 2k (or any multiple) (AD) (C3)
8) 10,
i,
12,
The direction vector, + 2/ +k, for the line, is perpendicular to 67—
the normal of the plane.
‘Therefore, (7+ 2f +1} (6-2 + k)
‘Therefore, 644
oR
rat hy=O-
66+ 6 ar +2443
2+h=0
1
ab
tela
_ 2sin Bcos6
«aa
in 26
Method 1: Let the angle be a, then cos
a= 4 2005 a= arcos(sin 20)
Qis the image of P under & reflection in y= x
e+ Zak
24
= ~28
z
(@) Since det A #0, 47 exists.
Hence AB=C=> B=A1C
10
(>) (@) DA=/0
0
10
oo 1
+k
(Mi)
(M1)
(Al) (C3)
Aly
(My),
(An
G8
(iy
(M1)
(Al) (C3)
iy
)
(AD) (3)
1]
™1)
(cy 2
(Al) Gi) B=a'C=DC (i)
a
- (3 (an
2
(©) The system of equations is x +2» +32= 5
2x 7
3x~3)
Mi)
(1-4, 2) ay
3h
: 43. (a) seal (2G)
: A+2p
@ we} aw (cl)
d 3442"
The line of intersection of the planes is parallel to u x v. oat
Now, W(X 9) = 72+ Lye BA dps ~15A~ 1yr= 0 for all 4, yz. (MI)(C1)
‘Therefore, w is perpendicular to the line of intersection of the
given planes. (AG)
OR
‘The line of intersection of the planes is perpendicular to wand tov, (M2)
80 it will be perpendicular to the plane containing w and v, that is, @)
to all vectors of the form Au + pw = w. (cl)
ag ok
14, (a) The vector product,p x= 13 2 1 (M1)
3-2
=-Ti+ Wj4 Tk
(&) Area of parallelogram = |p x ¢| = 4/747 or 73 or 12.1 units? (Al)
v7
BI 16.
Substituting into P gives;
4h-6-3A43-24-1=-8
SA
‘Therefore x =~1,9=
‘Therefore the point of intersection is (-1, 0, 3)
Using an elimination method,
(using a graphic display calculator)
Therefore x=
@)
b)
22-3
i f &
axbo BR 1-7 =(1-2-C2+4y+e2-2k
p -1 -]
= 3-2) 4k
ijk
G@eb)Re=|-3 -2 -d=C4+8N~ CO + ay +642)
12
= a4 24k
b-c=2-2-2=-2
and so ~(b ca =2a= 4+ 2)~4k= (ax 6) xe
(M1)
(Al)
Ay
13]
(M1)
(Al)
aay
(M1)
(AL)
8]
MAD
(AG)
“any,
(Al)
(M1XAG)
6 18.
19,
(a) OP=O4+0B =4i-3k = P=(4,0,-3) (AL)
OG=04+0C =37437 = 3 Q=(3,3,0) way
OR R= (Al)
os = S=( «@)
(b) OA x OB =~3¢-2- 44: (from part (i))
An equation of the plane is 3x-+2y 442 ~0 Onan
(©) Y= [e382 48). + 34 +24) | = |-3-4-8]=0
Notes: Accept alternative forms
2 2 -3 )
egr=all jep-i}or|~21) »j=o.
o1 4 4)
For the line of intersection:
2
-ixtytz
Baapt2e=—1
oy Fare
(a)
8x $y +22 =—4
x= _yt2e=-1
tx—3y 3 (M1)
is x
‘The equation of the line of intersection is x = (or equivalent) (Al)
OR
ye 2=-2
Letx=05
-y +22
oy
See B.xe y= 10
= G,10,0) oy
0 3)
‘The equation of the line of intersection is r= | ~1 a (or equivalent) (Al)
-1 i
(8)
(C3)
3)
BI 20. Let a and dy be the direction vectors of the two Hines.
‘Then the normal to the plane is
ip Hl
a %d=i 2 4 mm)
B ~3 5}
=~Ti— 2} + 34 (or equivalent} (an
‘Then equation of the plane is for the form 7x - 2y+3z=¢
or r(-Tk-2) +3) =e
Using the paint (1. 1, 2) which isin the plane gives the equation of the plane
Ixy + 32 = 3 of TI 2) + 3k) = 3 or
pi [ H
mp +h] -2 4+ 44-3 | (or equivalent) (Al)
a} ha s
21, (@) Given the points A(-1, 2, 3}, B(-I, 3, 5) and C(O, 1, 1),
a
(Al)
aD
= arceos =aree! aul oy
' faalac] V5vie,
@= 147° G sf) of 2.56 radians (ay
ly ie my
(b) 5 ala sind or 5 [AB AN
Point of intersection is (0, 1, 2). (Accept + 24.) an
(d@) Perpendicular distance is 5° +3? +1° 1)
= ¥35 (Accept /35 + o1
5.92) (AD
(coy
Is}
(e} 27, METHOD 1
R, I 2 3 2
Ry 2 3 ~ 3
R H 2 aoe 2
Ri~2R, 0 - 1 =
(M2,(A1)
Letz=4,theny=7+ 1 and=¢
‘Therefore the line of intersection is x = sy
= # Cor equivalent). (AI)(A1XAIN(C6) |
METHOD 2 1
(MI)
(Al) 8
i
fojok I
ee |
23 4 1
|
(M1) |
soinj-k ay i
fo) (1) i
‘Therefore the line of intersection is r= | 1 j++, 1 | (or equivalent) {A2) (C6)
o) uu
(8 28. METHOD?
Let a +6 and a ~b be diagonals of a parallelogram ABCD with sides AB and
AD equal to 2 and b respectively. (Mi)
/ a+b
aA 5 D
if [a+] = |a—b) then the diagonals AC and BD are equal in length. (M1)(Ai)
Therefore ABCD is a rectangle and a~ b= RIAN CH)
METHOD 2
la+ al =!a-0]
> latol?=|a—sl? (My
(a+ b)- (a+b) =(a-B)-(a~6) M11)
=> tal? +20-5+ |6[?= |al?—20-64 Jol? ay
=> da-b=0 (Ai)
ab (Al) (C6)
(6
5
29. (a) AB =| —10 |. Direction vector of line is 1: -2: 5
25
(Accept any multiple of 1: -2: 5) (1)
‘Therefore the equation of / in parametric form is
x= A+ y=-2A43, A 17 (AIMAIXAI)
(orx=A+6,y=-2A—7,2= 52+ 8, or any equivalent parametric form) 4
(b) Pon! => P can be written as (p + 1,-2p + 3, Sp— 17).
ptl)(1
OP L => |-2p+3].)-2 M1)
Sp-17) (5
pti+dp—6425p—85 (AL)
‘Therefore P is (4, ~2 aD 3
7 30,
3.
32.
METHOD 1
ijk
axb=|1 2 =]
13 2 2
© 4 +2) +jG~2) + 2+ 6)
=61+jJ+8k
(i+ J+ 8k) (21-3) + 4R)= 41
METHOD 2
102-1
(a*b)-e=}3 2 2
2-3 4
= 1G +6)-2(-12-4) 109 ~4)
= 144+32-5=41
x
(2)
Equation of line is | y=) 1)4Al 1
2) \9) (1
Coordinates of foot satisfy
20424) + +2) = A)=6
OK=12=>2=2
Foot of perpendicular is (5, 3, 7)
(2) Using row reduction,
(MIKAT)
(™i)
(AY)
(MIAL)
(M1X(A1)
(AIXATYAL)
(Al)
(MIXAL)
(M1KAL)
(Al)
ay
an)
(Al)
@)
Not a unique solution because the coefficient of z in the third
equation is zero.
Gi) In order for the system to have a solution,
3-3k=0,
consistent for k= |
(Rl)
1)
(AD
(C6)
(C6)
(C2(C2KC2)
Is}
[6] 33.
oR
@ Consider
121
2 ™)
1
(an
‘The zero value confirms that the equations do not have a unique
solution, RD
i) Consider
12 &
2 1 4|=9-9% (MIAD
1-45
Consistent when this determinant is zero, i RQ) 6
(0) The general solution is 2=2,y = @a-4)
METHOD 1
5
BC=) 0 (AI(AD),
-12
Note: Award (Al), (Al) for any two correct vectors used to find
area.
ij ok
BAxBC=|0 -3 -4 mp
5 0 -12
= 364-207 + 15% ay
Area 36? +207 +157
Vi92i My
Al CH
(yaa 3
{3} 34.
35,
METHOD 2
Area= 1x5 13sn{cos(
2 65
o
z-axis has direction vector :
1
Let @equal the angle between the line and the normal to the plane
(0) (3 )
cos = A
59
=e
The angle between the line and the plane is (90° — 6).
‘The angle is 48°
1
@ a [1] nae earien 0 gh 51) sen
ty
x
=2 yo
1 1 1
t
by a
(6) A general point on Z is (2 +4, S+4,-1 +2).
At intersection of line Z and the plane
Q4D+6+Q+C14)-1=0
>M=a-5
(AKAD
(AIYAD,
any
(AN)
(Al)
(i)
(Al)
(Al)
(™))
(Al)
(M1XAT)
AD
(M1)
(Al)
(Al)
(C6)
(C6)
{8} ©)
(@)
(b)
Let A'(x, 2) be the reflection of .
Note: Diagram does not have to be given.
EITHER
atag=—10
Sa’
OR
2
Solving for: II
also W-1
3xV+IV
Sirtbete=
Ifb~ 5,z is undefined.
Hence equetion has unique solution if b # 5,
Mi)
(Al
(™h
(Al)
oy
™1)
(Aly
(AH
@)
(Al)
2
(12)
[6] 3. (M1XA})
(M143)
Ay)
(AN)
(1) (3
38. =} 2le}- oy
la} da
Brady +2=6 (an
) @) 143x2-11=-4 (Al)
= Pies in zy (AG)
fr) fa
; ae anya
-1) (13
Wy (ty
2|ea 4 (MIAL)
tl 13
Note: Award (MI)(AO) if equation given in incorrect form.
(© METHOD 1
3
4 boos
1
(Al)
le .
1
K
(1)
6 = 2.2035 radians (or @= 126.3°) (Al)
‘The angle between the planes is
%~ 2.2035 = 0.938 radians (or 180° — 126.3° = 53.7°) Al
(C6)
J (N2) 40.
METHOD 2
1y (3 iW
3 Ix =| 3 W-4]sine M1)
~U lb ~ht
Wy f3yyp
x|-41=|4] = vise An
3 avi, = v6 Al
1
ing - 186
sind = (= 0.8064) iy
vilv26
8= 0.938 radians (or @ = 53.7) Ay
Equation of (AB) is | y (Al)
x) (5 3
and of (CD) is | » f=] 6 [+44] 2 AD
2) J ti
at point of intersection of two lines
Leaqs43y
44 A=642p
Ande My
solving simultaneously any two of these three equations gives
A= -2 and z= -2 (only one value required). (a2)
= point of intersection (-1, 2, 1) an
Note: Since question states that lines intersect, there is no need
to check the solution in the third equation.
@ M Gu-2.4,9-29) (AD
o @ Mtn
(C6)
{12}
(6) &)
‘The normat to /7is normal to beth lines. It is therefore given by the
vector product of the two direction veetors.
bik
Therefore, normal vector is given by [13.1 MIAI
142
3(2-A}-U1-2A)+
This equation is satisfied by any real value of 4 => the 3 planes
2 ~1)
intersect at the line r= | 1 | + al 3]
yo lt
(MIKA,
1) 3
(12)