Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue
Pasig City

K to 12 Curriculum Guide

SCIENCE
(Kindergarten to Grade 10)

January 31, 2012

K TO 12 SCIENCE
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Science education aims to develop scientific literacy among students that will prepare them to be informed and participative citizens who are able to
make judgments and decisions regarding applications of scientific knowledge that may have social, health, or environmental impacts.
The science curriculum recognizes the place of science and technology in everyday human affairs. It integrates science and technology in the civic,
personal, social, economic, and the values and ethical aspects of life. The science curriculum promotes a strong link between science and technology,
including indigenous technology, keeping our countrys cultural uniqueness and peculiarities intact.
Whether or not students pursue careers that involve science and technology, the K to 12 science curriculum will provide students with a repertoire of
competencies important in the world of work and in a knowledge-based society. The K to 12 science curriculum envisions the development of scientifically,
technologically, and environmentally literate and productive members of society who manifest skills as a critical problem solvers, responsible stewards of
nature, innovative and creative citizens, informed decision makers, and effective communicators. This curriculum is designed around the three domains of
learning science: understanding and applying scientific knowledge in local setting as well as global, context whenever possible, performing scientific
processes and skills, and developing and demonstrating scientific attitudes and values. The acquisition of these domains is facilitated using the following
approaches: multi/interdisciplinary approach, sciencetechnology society approach, contextual learning, problem/issue-based learning, and inquiry-based
approach. The approaches are based on sound educational pedagogy namely: constructivism, social cognition learning model, learning style theory, and
Gestalt psychology.
Science content and science processes are intertwined in the K to 12 curriculum. Without the content, learners will have difficulty utilizing science
process skills since these processes are best learned in context. Organizing the curriculum around situations and problems that challenge and arouse
students curiosity motivates them to learn and appreciate science as relevant and useful. Rather than relying solely on textbooks, varied hands-on, minds-on,
and hearts-on activities will be used to develop students interest and let them become active learners.
As a whole, the K to 12 science curriculum is learner-centered and inquiry-based, emphasizing the use of evidence in constructing explanations.
Concepts and skills in Life Sciences, Physics, Chemistry, and Earth Sciences are presented with increasing levels of complexity from one grade level to
another (spiral progression), thus paving the way to deeper understanding of a few concepts. These concepts and skills are integrated rather than disciplinebased, stressing the connections across science topics and other disciplines as well as applications of concepts and thinking skills to real life.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

K TO 12 SCIENCE

Developing and
Demonstrating Scientific
Attitudes and Values

The Conceptual Framework of Science Education

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

K TO 12 SCIENCE
CORE LEARNING AREA STANDARD: (SCIENCE FOR THE ENTIRE K TO 12)
The learner demonstrates understanding of basic science concepts, applies science process skills, and exhibits scientific attitudes and values to
solve problems critically, innovate beneficial products, protect the environment and conserve resources, enhance the integrity and wellness of people,
and make informed and unbiased decisions about social issues that involve science and technology. This understanding will lead to learners
manifestation of respect for life and the environment, bearing in mind that Earth is our ONLY HOME.
KEY STAGE STANDARDS: (STANDARD FOR SCIENCE LEARNING AREA FOR K-3, 4-6, 7-10 AND 11-12)

K3

46

7 10

11-12

At the end of Grade 3, the

learners should have
acquired healthful habits
and developed curiosity
about self and their
environment using basic
process skills of observing,
communicating, comparing,
classifying, measuring,
inferring and predicting.
This curiosity will help
learners value science as
an important tool in helping
them continue to explore
their natural and physical
environment.

At the end of Grade 6, the learners

should have developed the essential
skills of scientific inquiry designing
simple investigations, using
appropriate procedure, materials
and tools to gather evidence,
observing patterns, determining
relationships,drawing conclusions
based on evidence, and
communicating ideas in varied ways
to make meaning of the
observations and/or changes that
occur in the environment. The
content and skills learned will be
applied to maintain good health,
ensure the protection and
improvement of the environment,
and practice safety measures.

At the end of Grade 10, the learner

should have developed scientific,
technological and environmental literacy
so that they will not be isolated from the
society where they live, will not be
overwhelmed by change, and can make
rational choices on issues confronting
them. Having been exposed to scientific
investigations related to real-life, they
should recognize that the central feature
of an investigation is that if one variable is
changed (while controlling all others), the
effect of the change on another variable is
measured. The context of the
investigation can be problems at the local
or national level to allow them to
communicate with students in other parts
of the Philippines or even from other
countries using appropriate technology.

At the end of Grade 12, the learner

should have gained skills in
obtaining scientific and
technological information from
varied sources about global issues
that have impact on the country.
They should have acquired
attitudes that will allow them to
innovate and/or create products
useful to the community or country.
They should be able to process
information to get relevant data for
a problem at hand. In addition,
learners should have made plans
related to their interests and
expertise, considering the needs
of their community and the country
to pursue either employment,
entrepreneurship, or higher
education.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Grade/Level
K

Grade Level Standards

Concepts and skills in the kindergarten curriculum are taught thematically so that it is difficult to identify specific science ideas.

Grade 1

At the end of Grade 1, learners will use their senses to locate and describe the parts of their body and tell the shape, color, texture, taste,
and size of things around them. They will differentiate sounds produced by animals, vehicles cars, and musical instruments. They will
illustrate how things move. They will describe similarities and differences, given two things. They will use appropriate terms or vocabulary
to describe these features. They will collect, sort, count, draw, take things apart, or make something out of the things. They will practice
health habits (e.g., washing hands properly, choosing nutritious food) and help clean or pack away their toys. They will ask questions.
They will give simple answer/ descriptions to probing questions.

Grade 2

At the end of Grade 2, learners will use their senses to describe more than two objects and using more than two properties. They can
sort things in different ways and give a reason for doing so. They will describe the kind of weather or certain events in the home or school
and express how these are affecting them. They will tell why some things around them are important. They will decide if what they do is
safe or dangerous. They will give suggestions on how to prevent accidents at home (not playing with matches or sharp objects). They will
switch off light when not in use or conserve water when taking a bath or brushing teeth. They will help take care of pets or of plants. They
will tell short stories about what they do, what they have seen, or what they feel.

Grade 3

At the end of Grade 3, learners will describe the functions of the different parts of the body and things that make up their surroundings --rocks and soil, plants and animals, the Sun, Moon and stars. They will also learn that things may be solid, liquid or gas while others may
give off light, heat and sound. They will also observe changes in the conditions of their surroundings. These will lead learners to become
more curious about their surroundings, appreciate nature, and practice health and safety measures.
After investigating, learners will identify materials that do not decay and use this knowledge to help minimize waste at home, school, and
in the community. They will also investigate changes in the properties of materials when these are subjected to different conditions.

Grade 4

The learners will describe the internal parts of the body and their functions in order to practice ways to maintain good health. They will
classify plants and animals according to where they live and observe interactions among living things and their environment. They will infer
that plants and animals have traits that help them survive in their environment.
Learners will investigate which type of soil is best for certain plants and infer the importance of water in daily activities. They will learn
about what makes up weather and apply their knowledge of weather conditions in making decisions for the day. Learners will also infer the
importance of the Sun to life on Earth.
Learners will investigate the effects of push or pull on the size, shape, and movement of an object

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Grade/Level

Grade Level Standards

After investigating, learners will decide whether materials are safe and useful based on their properties. They will also infer that new
materials may form when there are changes in properties.
Learners will develop healthful and hygienic practices related to the reproductive system after describing changes that accompany
puberty. They will compare different modes of reproduction among plant and animal groups and conduct an investigation on pollination.
They will also make decisions about the preservation of estuaries and intertidal zones.

Grade 5
Learners will recognize that different materials react differently with heat, light, and sound. They will relate these abilities of materials to
their specific uses.
Learners will describe the changes that earth materials undergo. They will learn about the effects of typhoons and make emergency plans
with their families in preparation for typhoons. They will also observe patterns in the natural events by observing the appearance of the
Moon
Learners will understand how the different organ systems work together. They will classify plants based on reproductive structures and
animals based on the presence or lack of backbone. They will design and conduct an investigation on plant propagation. They will also
learn about larger ecosystems such as rainforests, coral reefs, and mangrove swamps.
Learners will recognize that when mixed together, materials do not form new ones thus these materials may be recovered using different
separation techniques. Learners will also prepare useful mixtures such as food, drinks and herbal medicines.
Grade 6

Learners will describe what happens during earthquakes and volcanic eruptions and demonstrate what to do when they occur. They will
infer that the weather follows a pattern in the course of a year. They will learn about the solar system, with emphasis on the motions of the
Earth as prerequisite to the study of seasons in another grade level.
Learners will infer that friction and gravity affect how people and objects move. They will also discover that heat, light, sound, electricity,
and motion studied earlier are forms of energy and these undergo transformation.
Learners will recognize the system of classification of matter through semi-guided investigations but emphasizing fair testing.

Grade 7

Learners will describe what makes up the Philippines as a whole and the resources found in the archipelago. They will explain the
occurrence of breezes, monsoons, and ITCZ and how these weather systems affect people. Using concepts in the previous grade,
learners will demonstrate why the seasons change and how eclipses occur.
Learners will describe the motion of objects in terms of distance and speed and represent this in tables, graphs, charts, and equations.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Grade/Level

Grade Level Standards

They will also investigate how various forms of energy travel through different media.
After studying how organ systems work together in plants and animals in the lower grades, learners will now observe very small organisms
and structures using a microscope. They will understand that living things are organized into different levels: cells, tissues, organs, organ
systems, and organisms. These organisms comprise populations and communities which interact with nonliving things in ecosystems.
Learners will now recognize reproduction as a process of cell division resulting in growth of organisms. They will also deal deeper into the
process of digestion studied in the lower grades giving emphasis on proper nutrition for overall wellness. This will lead them to participate
in activities that will protect and conserve economically important species used for food.
Learners will explain the behavior of matter in terms of the particles it is made of. They will also recognize that ingredients in food and
medical products are made up of these particles and are absorbed by the body in the form of ions.

Grade 8
Learners will explain how active faults generate earthquakes and how tropical cyclones originate from warm ocean waters. They will also
learn about the other members of the solar system.
Learners will investigate the effects of some factors on the motion of an object based on the Laws of Motion. They will also differentiate
the concept of work as used in science and in laymans language. They will also learn about factors that affect the transfer of energy such
as the molecular structure of the medium and temperature difference.
After learning about the digestive system, learners will now expand their knowledge to a deeper understanding of the respiratory and
circulatory systems to promote overall health. They will also learn about some technologies that will introduce desired traits in
economically important plants and animals.

Grade 9

Learners will explain how new materials are formed when atoms are rearranged. They will also recognize that a wide variety of useful
compounds may arise from such rearrangements.
Learners will identify volcanoes in the community or region and distinguish between active and inactive ones. They will also explain how
energy from volcanoes may be tapped for human use. Learners will also learn about climatic phenomena that occur on a global scale.
They will also explain why certain constellations can be seen only at certain times of the year.
Learners will predict the outcomes of interactions among objects in real life applying the laws of conservation of energy and momentum.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Grade/Level

Grade Level Standards

Learners will now complete the study of the entire organism with their deeper study of the excretory and reproductive systems. They will
also explain in greater detail how genetic information is passed from parents to offspring and how diversity of species increases the
probability of adaptation and survival in changing environments.

Grade 10

Learners will recognize the importance of controlling the conditions under which a phenomenon or reaction occurs. They will also
recognize that cells and tissues of the human body are made up of water, a few kinds of ions, and biomolecules. These biomolecules may
also be found in the food they eat.
Learners will show that volcanoes and earthquakes occur in the same places in the world and that these are related to plate boundaries.
Learners will also demonstrate ways to ensure safety and reduce damage during earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions.
Learners will investigate factors that affect the balance and stability of an object to enable them to practice appropriate positions and
movements to achieve efficiency and safety such as in sports and dancing. They will also analyze situations where energy is harnessed
for human use whereby heat is released affecting the physical and biological components of the environment.

Grade 11

To be completed after the meeting with G11-12 TWG

Grade 12

To be completed after the meeting with G11-12 TWG

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

K TO 12 SCIENCE

GRADE 3 - Living Things and Their Environment

FIRST QUARTER/FIRST GRADING PERIOD
Content Standards
Performance Standards

Content
Characteristics of Living
Things

The learner

demonstrates understanding
that living things breathe, eat,
grow, move, reproduce, and
react to light, touch, and
temperature. These
characteristics distinguish them
from nonliving thing

The learner

tell whether a thing is living or

nonliving given different samples.

Learning Competencies
The learner

compares characteristics of a living and a

nonliving thing

labels the external parts of the human

body

describes the parts of the human body

and their functions

identifies the sense organs: parts and

functions

describes how the sense organs work

communicates proper ways and healthful

practices to protect the sense organs
and other external parts of the body

makes a chart on proper ways of

protecting these external parts

Parts and Functions of

Living Things

Humans

demonstrates understanding of
the external parts of the body,
their functions, and healthful
practices to take care of the
human body

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

practices healthful habits and

proper care of the sense organs
and other external parts of the
body

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Animals

Content Standards
The learner

Plants

demonstrates understanding of
the external parts and
function, uses of animals, and
the proper ways of caring for
pets and farm animals

demonstrates understanding of
the external parts of plants and
the functions of these parts
- leaves
- stems
- flowers
- roots
- fruits

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

Performance Standards
The learner

demonstrates proper ways of

caring for animals chosen as
house pets and as farm animals

demonstrates proper care of

plants used as food and as
sources of materials

Learning Competencies
The learner

describes/draws animals found in the

immediate environment

labels the external parts of animals

observes and asks questions about the

functions of the external parts of animals

classifies the animals according to the

presence/absence/number of certain parts

states how animals are useful to humans

communicates clearly the uses and the

proper ways of caring for the animals
functions, their uses to humans, and
proper ways of caring for and choosing
animals for house pets, farming and
livelihood.

labels the external parts of plants

observes and ask questions about the

functions of the external parts of plants

describes special body parts of plants

classifies plants according to stem

characteristics (tree, shrub, vine, herb)

compares and contrasts the structures

and habitat of plants

predicts the needs of plants

communicates clearly the uses and the

proper ways of caring for plants

10

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content
Traits Passed on From
Parents

Content Standards
The learner

Humans
Animals
Plants

The learner

Learning Competencies
The learner

infers which characteristics of children

come from each of the parents

gives examples of animals that give birth

to live young and that lay eggs

some animals give birth to live

young while some animals lay
eggs

describe the structure of a seed

classify kinds of seeds

infer different ways of seed dispersal

some groups of plants reproduce

through seeds

conduct an investigation on the factors in

the surroundings that affect seed
germination

describe the changes observed in a

germinating seed

measure changes in height of the growing

plant

construct a graph showing data gathered

while observing a growing plant

gives examples of plants that can grow

from stem cuttings

describes the need of humans for air,

food, water, and shelter

concludes that these needs come from

the environment

compare needs of animals with those of

people

observes and asks questions about what

animals eat

demonstrates understanding that

Performance Standards

living things reproduce and

children look like parents

predicts what children will look

like based on traits of parents

Interactions of Living
Things with the
Environment
demonstrates understanding that

Basic needs

Feeding
relationships

plants, animals, and humans

have basic needs that come
from the environment.
to meet these basic needs,living
things interact with each other
and with the nonliving
components of the environment.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

engages in activities that

promote protection and
conservation of the environment
that provides for the needs of
humans, plants, and animals

11

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Content Standards

Performance Standards

Learning Competencies
The learner

concludes that animals eat either plants,

animals or both

observes and asks questions about where

animals live

describes the needs of plants

compare needs of plants with those of

animals and people

observes and asks questions about food

of plants

recognizes that objects can exist as solid

(S), liquid (L) or gas (G).

classifies objects as S, L, G.

demonstrates that solids, liquids, and

gases have weight.

demonstrates that solids, liquids and

gases occupy space.

differentiates the properties of solids,

liquids and gases.

recognizes that solids are made of

different kinds of materials.

recognizes that liquids also consist of

different kinds of materials.

investigates how different liquids flow

GRADE 3 - Matter
SECOND QUARTER/SECOND GRADING PERIOD
Properties and Structure

Characteristics of
solids, liquids &
gases

The learner

demonstrates ways of sorting

materials and describing them
as solid, liquid or gas based on
properties such as having
definite shape and volume, and
ease of flow

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

The learner

devises ways of changing the form

of a solid object to fit a desired
purpose

12

K TO 12 SCIENCE

Content
Changes in Solids,
Liquids and Gases

Content Standards

Performance Standards

Learning Competencies

The learner

The learner

The learner

investigates some materials that can exist

as a solid or a liquid depending on the
temperature.

provides accurate description of

ones position/location with respect

to a reference points

describes the position of a person or an

object in relation to a reference point (e.g.,
chair, door, another person)

constructs a toy that can be

moved by winds, humans, water,
or magnets (example: pinwheel,
paper boat, toy car)

demonstrates understanding of
the effect of temperature on
solids and liquids.

suggests ways of controlling

temperature that will prevent/allow
objects to change from solid to
liquid or vice versa.

GRADE 3 - Force and Motion

THIRD QUARTER/ THIRD GRADING PERIOD
Moving Objects

Reference point
Indicators of motion

Sources and Uses of

Light, Heat, Sound, and
Electricity

demonstrates understanding of
position of people and objects as
well as the factor that may cause
change in their position,

demonstrates understanding that

Light, heat and sound come from
diiferent sources
Some objects produce their own
light while others reflect light
from other sources

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

practices safe and wise use of

light, heat, sound, and electricity in
daily life

infers occurrence of movement due to a

change in position

compares and contrasts the movements

of objects

observes and asks questions about

sources of light, heat, sound, and
electricity

identifies various sources of light/heat

based on pictures or actual sample of
objects

identifies examples of natural and

artificial sources of light/heat

13

K TO 12 SCIENCE

Content

Content Standards

Performance Standards

Learning Competencies

The learner

The learner

Some objects (e.g., toys,

appliances) need electricity to
work

distinguishes between objects that

produce their own light and those that
reflect light from another source

produces various sounds using available

materials

improvises musical instruments (e.g.,

tambourine, musical bottles) using
indigenous materials

identifies the sources by the quality of

sounds produced

constructs a peephole to demonstrate that

light is needed to see objects

identifies toys that are run by electricity or

battery

identifies various uses of light, heat,

sound, electricity, and magnets (e.g., light
is needed to see objects, sound is needed
for communication)

identifies things or appliances at home

and in school that needed electricity to
work

practices safety procedures when

handling electrical appliances

constructs toys that make use of magnets

gives examples on the uses of magnets in

daily-life activities

discusses safety precautions related to

the use of light/heat/sound/
electricity/magnets

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

14

K TO 12 SCIENCE
GRADE 3 - Earth and Space
FOURTH QUARTER/FOURTH GRADING PERIOD
Content Standards
Performance Standards

Content
The Surroundings

People
Animals
Plants
Lakes, rivers,
streams, hills and
mountains

The learner...
demonstrates understanding of
the importance of things found in
the surroundings.

The learner...

gets involved in taking care of

his/her surroundings

Learning Competencies
The learner...

observes and asks questions about the

surroundings at home, in school, in the
community, in the locality (town,city,
province)

describes the landforms and bodies of

water in the community

recognizes the importance of people,

animals, plants, lakes, rivers, the sea,
hills, and mountains in the surroundings.

describes the weather for the day

describes the changes in the weather over

a week

communicates how different types of

weather affect activities in the community

demonstrates safety measures during

certain types of weather

describes the natural objects that are

found in the sky during daytime and
nighttime.

communicates how the natural objects in

the sky affect daily activities.

practices precautionary measures to avoid

the harmful effects of the Sun's heat and
light.

Weather

Types of weather
Changes in weather
Effects of weather
changes on activities
in the community
Safety measures
during different types
of weather
Natural Objects Seen in
the Sky

During daytime
During nighttime

demonstrates understanding of
the types of weather,
characteristics of weather
changes and how these relate to
daily activities, health and
safety.

demonstrates understanding of
natural objects seen in the sky
during day time and night time
and how these affect the
activities of people and the
community

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

decides what to wear and what to

do during different types of
weather to protect and care for
oneself.

plans activities that he/she can do

during day and night that make
him/her healthy and useful to
his/her family and/or community
demonstrates ways to protect
himself/herself in doing these
activities.

15

K TO 12 SCIENCE

Content
Properties and Structure

Properties used to
group and store
materials

GRADE 4 - Matter
FIRST QUARTER/FIRST GRADING PERIOD
Content Standards
Performance Standards
The learner
demonstrates methods of
grouping different materials
based on:
- ability to absorb water
- ability to float or sink;
- whether decaying or nondecaying

The learner

safely stores properly-labeled

materials based on their
properties

Changes that are useful

Changes that are
harmful

groups materials to find out if these

- absorb water or not
- float or sink
- decay or not decay
investigates the causes and effects of
decaying materials to health and safety.
- observes precautionary measures in
conducting the investigation.
- communicates the results of the
investigations.

demonstrates methods of
grouping different materials that
can be recycled, reduced,
reused, recovered and repaired.

demonstrates understanding of
different ways of how materials
can be changed and how
materials change when exposed
to certain conditions.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

The learner

demonstrates understanding on
proper handling of waste
material, and proper storage
and safekeeping of
useful/harmful materials

Changes that Materials

Undergo

Learning Competencies

segregates materials which may

be used/changed to make new
products.

practices ways that prevent

changes which may have harmful
effects on the immediate
environment and living
organisms.

identifies unused, spare, unwanted,

leftover, trash materials at home, in
school and in the community.

communicates the importance or benefits

of proper handling of waste materials.

describes changes in materials when

they are bent, pressed, hammered and
cut

explain how these changes are useful or

harmful.

conducts investigation to show changes

in properties of materials when exposed
to certain conditions such as temperature
changes or when mixed with other
materials.

identifies the uses and sources of water.

describes the properties of water that

make it safe for drinking.
16

K TO 12 SCIENCE
GRADE 4 - Living Things and Their Environment
SECOND QUARTER/SECOND GRADING PERIOD
Content
Parts and Functions
Humans
- Major organs of the
body
- Caring for the major
organs
- Diseases that affect
the major

Content Standards
The learner
demonstrates understanding
that the brain, heart, lungs, liver,
stomach kidneys, uterus, bones,
and muscles are major internal
organs that keep the rest of the
body working properly.

Performance Standards
The learner

practices healthful habits to

maintain proper functioning of the
major internal organs of the body

Learning Competencies
The learner

infers the functions of the major organs

based on experiences, readings, and
other references

communicates clearly that the major

organs work together to make the body
function properly

collects, records, and organizes data on

the causes and treatment of diseases of
the major organs

makes a chart on the proper ways of

caring for the major organs of the body

describes the different places where

animals live

compares manner of movement of

animals that live in water with those that
live on land

infers how structures help animals adapt

and survive in their particular
environment

constructs a table on proper ways of

caring for animals

Animals
- Terrestrial
animals
- Aquatic animals

demonstrates understanding that

some animals live on land,
others in water, others both on
land and on water.
body parts of animals are suited
to where they live whether land
or water

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

cares for and protects farm

animals for livelihood

chooses which animals to raise in

a particular environment

17

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Content Standards

Performance Standards

Plants

The learner...

The learner...

- Terrestrial plants
- Aquatic plants

demonstrates understanding that

many of the plants grow on land

while some plants live and grow
in water.

cares for terrestrial and aquatic

plants for livelihood

chooses which plants to grow in

a particular environment

Learning Competencies
The learner...

describes the different places where

terrestrial and aquatic plants grow

identifies the specialized structures of

terrestrial and aquatic plants

conducts simple investigation on the

growth of plants given varying
environmental conditions: light, water,
temperature, and soil type

communicates proper ways of caring for

plants

body parts of plants help them

survive where they whether on
land or water

Life Cycles

Humans, Animals, and

Plants

demonstrates understanding that

different organisms go through
different life cycles (e.g., human,
dog, mongo)

gives examples of inherited traits

compares traits of offspring with those of

their parents

determines how characteristics

may be affected by the
environment (e.g., how nutrition
affects height and weight)

infers which traits may have been

inherited from parents

describes the effect of the environment

on certain traits

determines the specific

environmental conditions (e.g.,
shady, direct sunlight, moist, dry,
freshwater, marine) where certain
living things thrive best.

determines the factors / environmental

conditions needed by living things to
survive.

conducts simple investigations on the

needs of plants.

offspring resemble their parents

but are not exactly the same
some traits may be affected by
the environment (e.g., nutrition
affecting height and weight)
Interactions
demonstrates understanding that

Beneficial interactions
Harmful interactions

plants use materials from the

environment to make their own
food

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

18

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Content Standards
The learner...
humans and animals eat plants
and other animals

Performance Standards
The learner...

to get food, humans and other

animals interact with each other
and their environment

determines the appropriate

vegetable or farm animal to raise
in specific habitats

Learning Competencies
The learner...

describes beneficial interactions between

living things and their environment

describes harmful interactions between

living things.

some of these interactions may

be beneficial to some living
things; other interactions may be
harmful
some structures help them get
food
GRADE 4 - Force and Motion
THIRD QUARTER/THIRD GRADING PERIOD
Effect of Force on Objects

What force can do

Measuring force
Applications of force

demonstrates understanding of
the effects of force on the
movement, size, and shape of
an object

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

performs a scientific investigation

on the effects of force on objects

conducts a simple investigation to find

out what force can do to the motion of an
object

demonstrates a sports skill

involving application of force on
objects like badminton,
basketball, etc.

uses appropriate measuring tools and

express measurements using correct
standard units

presents the result of the investigations in

different ways (e.g., use of information
technology tools)

infers that objects move due to the force

exerted on them

infers that objects can be compressed,

stretched, twisted and bent due to the
force exerted on them

investigates how the mass and shape of

the object and the strength of the force
acting on it affect its movement
19

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Content Standards

Performance Standards

Learning Competencies

Magnetic Force
demonstrates understanding of
the interaction between
magnetic poles and the
strengths of the magnet at
different locations around it

classify objects based on magnetic

properties

explores the strength of the magnet at

different locations/distances around it

investigates how magnets interact with

other magnets

traces the direction of light, heat, and

sound from the source through a material

shows that a shadow is formed when

light is completely or partially blocked by
an object

infers that sounds travel through

materials and in all directions

observes formation of colors by allowing

light to pass through a prism

infers that echo is an evidence that

sound can be reflected

compares reflection of light on different

surfaces (plane/curved mirrors,
smooth/rough surface, still/disturbed
water, shiny/dull surface

describes the behavior of light when it

strikes an object (e.g. reflected, refracted,
transmitted, absorbed)

Light, Heat, and Sound

Properties of light and

sound

demonstrates understanding of the

propagation of light, heat and
sound
the observable properties/
characteristics of light, heat, and
sound

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

protects himself/herself from

exposure to excessive light, heat,
and sound

20

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Content Standards

Performance Standards

Learning Competencies
The learner

Heat transfer

demonstrates how heat is transferred by

conduction, convection and radiation
(e.g., using a convection box,
demonstrate how heat transfers through
gases)

compares and contrasts the

characteristics of the different types of
soil using a chart

conducts an investigation on what soil

type is best for different plants.

GRADE 4 - Earth and Space

FOURTH QUARTER/ FOURTH GRADING PERIOD
Top Soil

Types of soil according

to size of particles, and
ability to hold water
(sand, silt and clay)
Suitability of soil to plant
growth and
development (presence
of humus)

The learner
demonstrates understanding of
scientific inquiry and
mathematical skills, and
practices proper scientific
attitudes and values when doing
guided investigation on a
problem related to soils.

The learner

chooses the right kind of plant for

the type of soil in his/her
community.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

What is the problem being studied?

What is the tentative answer to the
problem?
What is the basis for the tentative
answer?
List the factors that affect growth of
plants.
What factor is changed or
manipulated in the study?
What factors are kept the same?
Which factor responded to the
change?
How was the factor that responded to
the change measured?
How were the observations
presented?
State the findings of the study in your
own words.

21

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content
Water in the Environment

Sources of water
(spring, lakes, seas,
rivers, streams,
waterfalls and dams)

Importance of water

Wise use of water

Content Standards
The learner
demonstrates understanding of
sources of water in the
community, suitability of water
for human consumption and
activities, and how to use water
wisely for health and safety

Performance Standards
The learner

uses water wisely in daily

activities

Learning Competencies
The learner

identifies sources of water.

communicates how water sources are

used for human activities.

infers the importance of water to daily

activities

describes ways of using water wisely.

determines the effects of unwise use of

water.

recognizes that bodies of water are

places where certain organisms live.

describes the importance of the water

cycle to life on Earth.

identifies the components that make up

weather.

describes the different types of clouds.

uses a thermometer to measure the air

temperature.

uses a wind scale to estimate wind

strength.

uses a rain gauge to measure rainfall.

identifies trends in a simple weather

chart.

applies knowledge of the weather

condition in making decisions for the day.

Weather

What makes up the

weather

Instruments to measure
the weather
components

Weather Chart

Safety precautions

demonstrates understanding of
the different components of
weather, how to measure them,
and that they change over short
periods of time.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

chooses activities appropriate for

the kind of weather in his/her
community

22

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content
The Sun

Importance of the Sun

Harmful effects of
overexposure to the
Sun

Content Standards
The learner

demonstrates understanding of
the benefits as well as harmful
effects of the Sun.

Safety precautions

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

Performance Standards
The learner

chooses activities that will take

advantage of the benefits of the
Sun while avoiding its harmful
effects

Learning Competencies
The learner

finds out the importance of the Sun on

the activities of people and animals.

investigates the importance of the Sun

on plant growth and development.

infers that the Sun is the main source of

heat and light on earth.

infers that the position of shadows

changes with the movement of the Sun.

demonstrates how to use a compass in

determining North, South, East, and
West.

23

K TO 12 SCIENCE
GRADE 5 - Matter
FIRST QUARTER/FIRST GRADING PERIOD
Content
Properties and Structure

Properties used to
minimize waste

Importance of reading
product labels

Content Standards
The learner

demonstrates ways of
identifying useful materials
using the 5R techniques for
aesthetic and economic
purposes.
demonstrates understanding
of good practices such as
reading product labels, and
storing harmful materials at
home and in school.

Performance Standards
The learner

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

helps minimize waste by:

- reusing and repairing objects
and materials;
- practicing the habit of
reducing the amount/volume
of different materials;
- creating useful and valuable
products from recyclable
materials.
practices the habit of reading
labels in food products,
garments, household materials,
and medicines for health and
safety reasons.
follows instructions written on
product labels when handling,
using and storing
materials/products.

Learning Competencies
The learner

uses the 5Rs (recycle, reduce, reuse,

recover, and repair) techniques for
aesthetic and economic purposes.

sorts materials at home as useful or

harmful.

investigates the techniques of storing

and safekeeping techniques done at
home.

communicates the results of the

investigation.

communicates good practices and

safety precautions in storing and
safekeeping of useful and harmful
materials.

communicates the importance of

reading product labels such as those in
food products, garments, household
materials and medicines.

infers the amounts of ingredients in food

from product labels.

24

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content
Changes that Matter Undergoes

Evidence of change

Appropriate ways of storing

materials

Content Standards
The learner

Performance Standards
The learner

demonstrates understanding
on the evidence of changes
that materials undergo.

creates useful products as a

result of changes done in the
original materials.

demonstrates understanding
of changes that occur in the
environment.

observes keenly signs of

changes that may affect his/her
health and safety.

Learning Competencies
The learner

investigates changes when no new

materials are formed.

investigates changes when new

materials are formed.

investigates different indicators of

change

identifies parts of the reproductive

system and their functions

describes secondary sex characteristics

in girls and boys

explains the menstrual cycle and how it

indicates readiness for reproduction

cites proper ways of maintaining health

and hygiene of the reproductive system

stores different kinds of

materials in appropriate places.

practices appropriate ways of

avoiding the deterioration of
quality of products and materials
due to changes that may
happen.
SCIENCE GRADE 5 - Living Things and Their Environment
SECOND QUARTER/SECOND GRADING PERIOD
Parts and Functions

Humans
- stages of growth and
development
- parts of the reproductive
system
- development of
secondary sex
characteristics
menstrual cycle

demonstrates understanding
that girls and boys exhibit
changes during puberty

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

explains changes in girls and

boys undergoing puberty
including development of
secondary sex characteristics
which indicate readiness for
reproduction.
practices ways of maintaining
health and hygiene of the
reproductive system.

25

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Content Standards

Animals

The learner

- Parts of the reproductive

system of representative
groups of animals and
their functions

demonstrates understanding
about how animals reproduce

Performance Standards
The learner

protects and conserves habitats

of animals that provide
opportunities for livelihood

- Differences in the modes

of reproduction: external
fertilization, internal
fertilization
Birds (duck)
Fishes (tilapia)
Toads/Frogs
Crustaceans (crabs
and shrimps)
Dragonflies and
butterflies
-

Learning Competencies
The learner

compares males and females of

different representative groups of
animals

describes the reproductive systems of

different animal groups using models,
illustrations, and pictures

differentiates modes of reproduction of

representative animals

classifies plants based on distinguishing

characteristics: flowering and nonflowering

labels the structures of flowering plants

traces the life cycle of a flowering plant

describes flower parts involved in

pollination

observes and asks questions about

agents of pollination

designs and conducts a simple

investigation on the process of
pollination

Protecting habitats of
animals

Plants
-

Flowering plants (rice/

corn, pechay, mongo)

Non-flowering plants
(conebearing, ferns,
liverworts)

demonstrates understanding that

Protecting habitats of
plants

plants are grouped according

to distinguishing
characteristics
flowering plants include,
among others, having flowers
that serve as reproductive
organ for the plant and seeds
that germinate to grow into a
new plant
non-flowering plants use other
structures for reproduction

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

does backyard or urban

gardening guided by the
understanding of the factors in
the environment that can affect
the growth and development of
plants
protects and conserves natural
habitats of plants.

26

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Content Standards

Performance Standards

Learning Competencies
The learner

Interactions Among Living

Things in Estuaries and
Intertidal Zones

The learner

demonstrates understanding
that more complex
interactions among plants,
animals, and their
environment take place in
larger habitats like estuaries
and intertidal zones (where
land & water ecosystems
overlap).

The learner

protects and conserves habitats

(like estuaries and intertidal
zones) that serve as nurseries
and breeding places for
economically important living
things.

shows through a diagram how

pollination takes place

identifies rare plants found in the

community or in other areas of the
Philippines

cites benefits from flowering and nonflowering plants found in the community

communicates proper ways of caring for

plants (including ways of caring for
habitat)

describes estuaries and intertidal zones

identifies plants and animals found in
these habitats
estimates their relative population sizes
constructs food chains and webs to show
feeding relationships among living things
classifies organisms as producers,
consumers, scavengers, or decomposers
according to their role in a food chain or
food web

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

27

K TO 12 SCIENCE
GRADE 5 - Force and Motion
THIRD QUARTER/ THIRD GRADING PERIOD
Content

The learner

Motion

Content Standards

Measuring time and

distance using standard
units

demonstrates skills in
measuring, recording and
analyzing distance and time

Performance Standards
The learner

practices time management for

long distance travels

Learning Competencies
The learner

measures the distance between a

person/an object and another
person/object

describes the motion of an object by

tracing and measuring its change in
position (distance travelled) over a
period of time

uses appropriate measuring tools and

expresses measurements using correct
standard units

qualitatively describe the effects of heat

on different materials

classifies materials as good and poor

conductors of heat/electricity and
identify their applications

infers how color of an object affects its

ability to absorb heat

relates the ability of the material to

block, absorb or transmit light to its use

investigates the effects of tension,

length and thickness of the string on the
pitch of the sound produced by a
stringed musical instrument

Heat, Light and Sound

Effects on people
Conductors of heat and
electricity
Preventing harm

demonstrates understanding
on the effects of heat, light,
and sound on people and
objects

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

selects the right color of clothes

for a particular weather
condition
develops a skill to play a specific
musical instrument

28

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Content Standards

Performance Standards

Learning Competencies
The learner

Electricity and Magnetism

Circuits
Electromagnets

The learner..

demonstrate understanding of
-

a simple DC circuit

good and poor conductors

of electricity

the relationship between

electricity and magnetism
through the study of
electromagnets

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

describes how sound changes as it

goes nearer or farther from the source
or the listener

predicts the effects of noise vs.

harmonious sound to people and the
environment

identifies preventive measures to

protect oneself from dangers of loud
sound

constructs a simple circuit to light up a

bulb

infers the conditions necessary to light a

bulb

classifies materials as good and poor

conductors of electricity

cites situations that show the

importance or use of conductors of
electricity

investigates how changing the number

or type of components like battery or
bulbs, in a circuit can make bulbs
brighter or dimmer

classifies materials as good and poor

conductors of electricity

The learner

troubleshoots problems
involving simple electrical
connections

29

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Content Standards

Performance Standards

Learning Competencies
The learner

Processes that Shape Earths

Surface

cites situations that show the

importance or use of conductors and
electricity

investigates how magnets interact with

other magnets

explores the strength of the magnet at

different locations around it

infers that electricity can be used to

produce magnets

given a set of materials, designs an

experiment to determine the factors that
affect the strength of the electromagnet

observes and ask questions on what

happens during weathering process.

determines the effects of weathering on

the environment and on living things.

GRADE 5 - Earth and Space

FOURTH QUARTER/FOURTH GRADING PERIOD
The learner
The learner
demonstrates understanding of

Weathering
Soil erosion
Other processes that
shape the land surface

weathering, soil erosion and

other processes that shape
the land
how these affect living things
and the environment, and
ways to reduce risks to health
and safety.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

identifies areas around the

home and at school which are
prone to soil erosion.

helps reduce soil erosion around

the home and at school.

determines the causes of soil erosion in

the community.

investigates the effects of soil erosion

on living things and the environment.

collects data on the extent of soil

erosion in the community.

30

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Content Standards

Performance Standards

Learning Competencies
The learner

Weather Disturbances

Observations during a
typhoon or storm
Development of typhoon
or storm
Storm signals and the
Beaufort scale
Weather instruments
Changes in the
environment before,
during, and after a typhoon

The learner
demonstrates understanding of

weather disturbances such as

storm and typhoons

how to cope with, reduce, and

adapt to their effects

The learner

shows emergency preparedness

before, during, and after a
typhoon.

conducts a survey on community efforts

and practices that reduce soil erosion.

designs a simple investigation to

prevent and/or reduce soil erosion.

describes how running water shapes

the land surface.

describes the effects of a typhoon on the

community.
describes the changes in the weather
before, during and after a typhoon.
determines wind direction using a wind
vane.
relates the occurrence of a typhoon to
wind strength and rainfall
explains the meaning of storm warning
signals.
prepares an emergency kit to be used at
home.
makes an emergency plan with your
family in preparation for typhoons.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

31

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content
The Moon

Changes and patterns in

the shape of the Moon
Phases of the Moon and
length of a month
Beliefs and practices

Content Standards
The learner

demonstrates understanding
of patterns in the changing
shape of the Moon and its
relation to the length of a
month

Performance Standards
The learner

discusses whether or not beliefs

and practices about the phases
of the Moon have scientific
basis.

Learning Competencies
The learner
observes and records the changes in the
shape of the moon.
identifies patterns in the changes in the
shape of the moon.
finds the connection between the phases
of the moon and the length of a month
conducts a survey on the beliefs and
practices of the community in relation to
the phases of the moon.

The Stars

Patterns of stars
(constellation)

demonstrates recognition of
the patterns in stars in the sky
and the information people
can derive from these patterns

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

relates the constellations to the

different compass directions.

compares the stars in terms of

brightness and color.
identifies star patterns using a chart

32

K TO 12 SCIENCE
GRADE 6 - Matter
FIRST QUARTER/FIRST GRADING PERIOD
Content
Properties and Structure

Mixtures and their

Characteristics
-

Heterogeneous
mixtures

Content Standards
The learner

demonstrates understanding
of the forms [solid (S), liquid
(L), gas (G)], and
classification of mixtures
(solutions, colloids and
suspensions), and

Colloids

Performance Standards
The learner

Learning Competencies
The learner

prepares beneficial and useful

mixtures such as drinks, food, and

herbal medicines.

demonstrates that some materials when

mixed together form homogeneous
(solutions) or heterogeneous
(suspensions) mixtures.

communicates the uses of different

mixtures.

demonstrates the formation of colloids.

classifies colloids.

prepares useful colloids.

explains how colloids are utilized in

technology.

evaluates the importance of colloids to

daily life.
describes the biological and
environmental impact of colloids like
aerosol sprays, hair gel, and smoke.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

recognizes that mixtures are made of

different forms (S,L, and G) of
substances.
- liquid mixtures (S,L)
- liquid mixtures (S,L,G)
- solid mixtures
- gas mixtures

33

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Separating Mixtures

Content Standards
The learner

demonstrates understanding
of techniques used to
separate components of
mixtures

Performance Standards
The learner

separates desired materials from

common and local products.

Learning Competencies
The learner

describes ways of separating mixtures.

conducts investigation on separating

mixtures into individual components.
- communicates results of the
investigation.
- discusses safety measures in
separating mixtures.

reports on the benefits of separating

components of mixtures in daily
activities.

describes the structure of bones and

muscles and how these structures work
together to allow movement

traces the path of food that he/she eats

and major parts through which it
passes

traces the path of air that he/she

inhales

mentions the parts through which air

passes and the functions of these parts

GRADE 6 - Living Things and Their Environment

SECOND QUARTER/SECOND GRADING PERIOD
Parts and Functions

Human Body Systems

- Musculoskeletal

demonstrates understanding
that organs that have related
functions work together to
form organ systems.

- Digestive system

explains how the nervous system

controls and coordinates the
different organ systems so that
they work together

- Respiratory system

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

34

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Content Standards
The learner

Performance Standards
The learner

traces the flow of blood through the

body and the function of each part of
the circulatory system

traces the path of message from

the sense organs to the brain,
then to muscles and bones,
resulting in action

identifies the parts of the nervous

system and their functions

traces the path of a message from the

sense organs to the brain

practices healthful habits to

maintain proper functioning of
body systems

explains how the nervous system

controls and coordinates the different
organ systems

collects, records, and organizes data

on diseases affecting the organ
systems.

communicates proper ways of taking

care of the different organ systems

describes distinguishing characteristics

of vertebrates

describes distinguishing characteristics

of invertebrates

classifies animals according to

presence or absence of backbone

identifies rare animals found in the

community

communicates proper ways of caring

and protecting animals

- Circulatory system

- Nervous system

demonstrates understanding
that the nervous system
coordinates the functions of
the different organ systems.

Learning Competencies
The learner

Animals
- Characteristics of
vertebrates and
invertebrates

- Economic importance of
vertebrates and
invertebrates in the
community
- Rare animals in the
community
- Protecting and caring for
animals

demonstrates understanding
that animals that share some
common characteristics and
can be classified into groups
- mammals
- birds
- fishes
- amphibians
- reptiles
- insects, snails, worms,
and other invertebrates
demonstrates understanding
that some animals have
backbones (vertebrates);
others do not (invertebrates).

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

describes how animals can be

used in environment-friendly
livelihood projects

determines invertebrates and

vertebrates of economic
importance in your community
(e.g., farm animals, earthworm,
birds, pests)

practices ways of protecting and

caring for animals

35

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Plants

Content Standards
The learner

observes and describes parts of conebearing and spore-bearing plants

traces the life cycles of ferns and

mosses in non- flowering plants

infers other modes of plant

reproduction

designs and conducts a simple

investigation on vegetative plant
reproduction

shows and communicates propagation

techniques

describes tropical rainforests, coral

reefs, mangrove swamps

describes the physical factors in these

ecosystems

identifies plants and animals found in

these ecosystems

- Feeding relationships in
these ecosystems

- Protecting and
conserving tropical forest
ecosystems

constructs food chains and webs to

show feeding relationships among
living things

describes how living things interact

with their physical environment

- Life cycles of ferns and

mosses
- Vegetative plant
propagation

demonstrates understanding
that external characteristics of
non-flowering plants have
reproductive structures other
than flowers (e.g., spores,
cones)

Learning Competencies
The learner

- Parts of spore-bearing
and cone-bearing plants

Performance Standards
The learner
propagates economically
important spore-bearing and
cone-bearing plants using the
various techniques

demonstrates understanding
that new plants may be grown
from other plant parts, or
through techniques such as
grafting, marcotting, etc.

Interactions
- Physical conditions of
tropical rainforests, coral
reefs, and mangrove
swamps

demonstrates understanding
of interactions in tropical
rainforests ecosystem

- Plants and animals living

in these ecosystems

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

protects and conserves

ecosystems (like tropical
rainforests, coral reefs, mangrove
swamps) that serve as nurseries,
breeding places, and habitats for
economically important living
things

36

K TO 12 SCIENCE
GRADE 6 - Force, Motion and Energy
THIRD QUARTER/ THIRD GRADING PERIOD
Content
Gravitation and Frictional
Forces

Content Standards

Performance Standards

Learning Competencies

The learner

The learner

The learner

devices ways on how to overcome

the effects of gravity in performing a
certain task

demonstrates the effects of gravity on

people and objects

select the right footwear appropriate

for a specific sports activity

Observable effects of
gravitational and frictional
force

demonstrates understanding
of the observable effects of
gravitational and frictional
forces.

Overcoming gravity and

friction

plans and conducts an investigation on

how different surfaces affect the
movement of an object

Energy

Energy Forms and

Transformation

Simple machines

Mechanical advantage

recognizes ways of harnessing

energy for a particular task

infers that the energy of an object can

take many forms

kinetic and potential energy

and their relationship

the different kinds of simple

machines and their uses in
daily life activities

discovers ways of increasing

potential energy needed to do a
certain task

infers that energy like sound, heat and

electricity can be transformed from one
form to another

demonstrates how common

objects found at home or in
school can be used as simple
machines

identifies electrical devices at home or

in school that convert electrical energy
to heat, light, sound, and motion

cites examples that show objects

having kinetic energy or potential
energy due to position
identifies simple machines found at
home and in the community

demonstrates understanding of

the importance of energy

efficiency in doing work

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

practices safety in handling tools

or simple machines

37

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content Standards

Content

Learning Competencies

Performance Standards

The learner

manipulates simple machines to

describe their characteristics and uses

demonstrates practical and safe use of

simple machines in daily activities

proposes a plan to create a simple

device that will help a person with grip
problem perform with ease

infers why energy efficiency is

important in doing work

conducts a simple investigation on the

electric consumption and electric bills
at home

relates electrical energy consumption

to the total kilowatt hour used as seen
on the monthly electrical bill

communicates clearly the importance

of saving electrical energy at home, in
school and in the community

recognizes the importance of using

energy-efficient devices

Electricity and Magnetism

Consumption of electricity
Conservation of electricity
Energy efficient devices

demonstrates understanding
of the household electrical
energy consumption

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

practices electrical energy

conservation at home and in
school

38

K TO 12 SCIENCE
GRADE 6 - Earth and Space
FOURTH QUARTER/FOURTH GRADING PERIOD
Content Standards

Content
Earthquakes and Volcanic
Eruption

Changes on Earths
surface as a result of
earthquakes and/or
volcanic eruption

Common warning signs

Disaster preparedness

The learner

demonstrates understanding
of natural calamities such as
earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, and knowledge of
emergency preparedness
regarding these calamities

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

Learning Competencies

Performance Standards
The learner

makes informed decisions on

what to do for safety during and
after a volcanic eruption
makes emergency/disaster
preparedness posters for the
community in preparation for
typhoons, volcanic eruptions and
worst-weather conditions
helps in promoting emergency
preparedness in his/her
community

The learner

describes what happens during an

earthquake

describes how the surface of the earth

changes as a result of earthquakes

gathers and reports data on

earthquakes in his/her community or
region

describes what happens during a

volcanic eruption

describes how the surface of the Earth

changes as a result of volcanic
eruptions

describes common warning signs that

a volcano is about to erupt

gathers and reports data on volcanic

eruptions in your community or region

prepares an emergency kit to be used

at home

makes an emergency plan with his/her

family in preparation for earthquakes
and volcanic eruptions

39

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content
Weather Patterns in the
Philippines

Weather patterns
Seasons
Effects of seasons on
livelihood and health of
people in the community

Content Standards
The learner

demonstrates understanding
of weather patterns and
seasons in the country

Performance Standards
The learner

chooses activities appropriate to

the changing seasons and find
ways to reduce risks.

Learning Competencies
The learner

collects data on the weather in the

span of a school year

makes a chart showing collected

weather data in an organized way.

interprets record of the different

weather data

describes the seasons in the

Philippines and their effects on
livelihood and health of the people in
the community

Motions of the Earth

Rotation
Revolution
Effects of Earths
movement

demonstrates understanding
of the motions of the Earth.

becomes aware that the motions

of Earth follow a pattern and
these influence various natural
phenomena which affect human
activities and the environment.

Using models, shows

- how day and night occurs on earth.
- the connection between Earths
rotation and the length of a day.
- the connection between Earths
revolution and the length of a year.

demonstrates understanding
of physical characteristics of
the planets of our solar
system.

discusses the characteristics of

earth that support life.

compares the eight planets of our solar

system
.
constructs models of the solar system
that show the relative sizes of each
planet and the relative distances
between the planets.

The Solar System

Planets (e.g., surface

features, size and relative
distance from the Sun)
Model of the solar system

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

40

K TO 12 SCIENCE
GRADE 7 - Matter
FIRST QUARTER/FIRST GRADING PERIOD
Content Standards

Content
The Investigatory Process

The learner

Ways of acquiring
knowledge and solving
problems

demonstrates understanding of
scientific way of acquiring
knowledge and solving problems

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

Performance Standards
The learner

conducts simple investigations using

the inquiry approach

Learning Competencies
The learner

describes what is meant by fair test.

recognizes that the design of an

investigation should show fair testing.

identifies the components of an

investigation: research problem,
hypothesis, method for testing hypothesis
(identifying independent/dependent
variables), and conclusions based on
evidence

conducts simple investigations using

processes involving mixtures common to
the locality.

chooses an interesting topic for

investigation.
- formulates a research problem.
- formulates a hypothesis.
- designs a procedure to test the
hypothesis.
- collects, organizes and interprets data.
- makes conclusions based on the data,
accounting and rejecting the
hypothesis.
- writes a brief summary of the report.
- shares and presents the results of the
investigations with other classmates or
schoolmates.

41

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content Standards

Content
Diversity of Materials in
the Environment

The learner

Solutions

demonstrates understanding of
solutions such as acids and
bases and ways of describing
their concentration.

Performance Standards
The learner

prepares different concentrations of

mixtures considering the following:
- has practical uses
- prepared within the best possible
period of time
- easily available materials
- with right composition and
proportion of components.

Acids and Bases

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

Learning Competencies
The learner

investigates the different types of

solutions.
- unsaturated
- saturated
- supersaturated

explains the difference between

Percentage by Weight and by Volume
solutions.

identifies and explains the factors

affecting solubility.

interprets properly product labels of

common acids and bases for safety
and cost benefits.

practices safe ways of handling

acids and bases by using protective
clothing and safety gears.

recognizes common acids and bases

.
recognizes the concept of pH.

investigates properties of acids and

bases using natural indicators such as
eggplant skin, mayana leaves or violetcolored camote leaves.

investigates action of acids on metals and

building materials.

investigates action of bases on materials.

practices safe handling of acids and

bases.

investigates neutralization of acids and

bases.

42

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Substances and.
Mixtures

Elements and
Compounds

Content Standards
The learner

Performance Standards
The learner

demonstrates understanding of
the properties of substances
which distinguish them from
mixtures.

chooses appropriate materials

available in the community for
specific purposes.

demonstrates understanding of
classifying substances as
elements or compounds and
distinguishes between metals
and nonmetals.

Metals and
Nonmetals

Learning Competencies
The learner

recognizes that a substance has a unique

set of properties.

investigates the properties of mixtures of

varying concentrations.

recognizes that substances are classified

into elements and compounds.

recognizes that compounds consist of

specific elements

gather information about common

elements such as names, symbols and
whether it is a metal or nonmetal from a
Periodic Table

demonstrates the different properties of

metals and nonmetals such as luster,
malleability, ductility, and conductivity.

recognizes the elements considered as

metals and those that are nonmetals.

differentiates organ systems, organs,

tissues, cells from each other

identifies parts of the microscope and

their functions

differentiates plant and animal cells

according to presence or absence of
certain organelles

GRADE 7 - Living Things and Their Environment

SECOND QUARTER/SECOND GRADING PERIOD
Parts and Functions

Levels of organization
Microscopy
Animal and plant cells

Microorganisms:
Fungi, Protists, and
Bacteria

demonstrates understanding of
the different levels of
organization
demonstrates understanding
that aside from plants and
animals, there are other much
smaller organisms that can only
be seen through the
microscope; many of which
consist of only one cell

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

employs appropriate techniques

using standard tools or equipment to
gather data about very small objects
recognizes that many organisms,
including humans, have organ
systems that work together to carry
out essential processes of the body

43

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Content Standards

Performance Standards
The learner

describes the structures of

microorganisms using a microscope

identifies beneficial and harmful

microorganisms

explains why the cell is considered the

basic structural and functional unit of all
organisms

recognizes which organisms multiply

on their own through asexual and
sexual means

compares asexual and sexual

reproduction

describes the process of fertilization

decides on which means of asexual

reproduction is appropriate to use in
propagating economically important
plants

differentiates offspring resulting from

asexual reproduction with that from
sexual reproduction in terms of
similarities to parents

initiates and/or participates in

activities that protect and preserve
ecosystems in the locality

identifies which of the things found in the

environment are biotic or abiotic

describes the different ecological

relationships found in an ecosystem

describes how energy is transformed

through the feeding relationships

predicts the effect of changes in one

population on other populations in the
ecosystem

predicts the effect of changes in abiotic

factors on the ecosystem

Heredity: Inheritance and

Variation

Asexual reproduction
in different organisms
Sexual reproduction
- Union of egg cell
and sperm cell
during fertilization
- offspring are
biologically similar
to the parents but
not identical
Interactions

Components of an
ecosystem: biotic and
abiotic

Learning Competencies
The learner

engages in activities that promote

proper nutrition and healthful habits
to maintain proper functioning of the
organ systems

The learner

demonstrates understanding
that reproduction can be asexual
or sexual

demonstrates understanding that

organisms interact with each
other and with their environment
to survive

Ecological
relationships
- Producers and
consumers
- Symbiotic
relationships:
parasitism,
mutualism

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

44

K TO 12 SCIENCE

Content

Content Standards

Performance Standards

Learning Competencies
The learner

- nonsymbiotic
relationships:
competition,
predation
- transfer of energy
through trophic
levels

explains the importance of individual and

collective actions on protecting and
preserving ecosystems

describes the motion of an object in terms

of distance or displacement, speed or
velocity, and acceleration.

differentiates quantities (in terms of

magnitude and direction) using the
concepts of distance vs displacement and
speed vs velocity

creates and interprets visual

representation of the motion of objects
such as tape charts, motion graphs.

solves problems involving constant and

uniformly accelerated motion in onedimension using scalar quantities.
enumerates some technologies that make
use of motion detectors and
explains/describes their applications.

GRADE 7- Force, Motion and Energy

THIRD QUARTER/ THIRD GRADING PERIOD
Constant and Uniformly
Accelerated Motions

Motion of objects in
terms of
displacement, speed
or velocity, and
acceleration

The learner
demonstrates understanding of
constant and uniformly
accelerated motion in onedimension.

The learner...

advocates road safety.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

45

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content Standards

Content

innovates/enhances a simple toy car to

meet some standards through fair testing.

discusses various measures to improve

road safety from the point of view of the
physics involved.

infers that energy, like light and sound,

travel in the form of waves.

explains how waves carry energy from

one place to another.

distinguishes between transverse and

longitudinal waves and mechanical and
electromagnetic waves.

creates a model to demonstrate the

relationship among frequency, amplitude,
wavelength, and wave velocity.

uses the concepts of wavelength,

velocity, and amplitude to describe
characteristics of sound such as pitch,
loudness and quality.

demonstrates changes in pitch and

loudness using real or improvised musical
instrument through fair testing.

explains sound production in the human

voice box and how pitch, loudness and
quality of sound vary from one person to
another.

The learner
Transverse vs
longitudinal Waves
Mechanical vs
electromagnetic
waves
Characteristics of
waves

demonstrates understanding of
waves as a carriers of energy.

The learner

Sound

Learning Competencies
The learner

Motion Detectors

Waves

Performance Standards

Characteristics of
sound

demonstrates understanding of
the characteristics of sound such
as pitch and loudness

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

recognizes the use of indigenous

materials in creating melodious
music.

46

K TO 12 SCIENCE

Content Standards

Content

Performance Standards

Learning Competencies
The learner

The learner

Light

Characteristics of light:

demonstrates understanding of
the characteristics of light:
intensity or brightness and color

describes how organisms produce,

transmit and receive sound of various
frequencies (infrasonic, audible and
ultrasonic sound).

creates harmonious music using

indigenous products.

relates characteristics of light such as

color and intensity to frequency and
wavelength.

designs and implements an experiment

that shows that light travels in a straight
line.

investigates the relationship between light

intensity and the distance from a light
source through fair testing.

infers the condition necessary for heat

transfer to occur.

conducts simple investigations to

demonstrate the different modes of heat
transfer.

explains different modes of heat transfer

in the molecular level.

identifies good and poor conductors of

heat and describe their specific uses

The learner

appreciates proper lighting in doing

various activities.

Heat

Heat transfer

demonstrates understanding of
the different modes of heat
transfer: conduction, convection,
radiation

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

chooses right materials for a

particular purpose for cooking, food
storage, and building homes.

47

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content Standards

Content
Electricity

Charges
Charging processes

The learner

Performance Standards
The learner

demonstrates understanding of
the different charging processes.

protects himself/herself during

thunderstorm.

Learning Competencies
The learner

differentiates the three types of charges.

demonstrates the different types of

charging processes.

explains the importance of earthing or

grounding.

describes how a lightning rod works.

demonstrates how places on Earth may

be located using a coordinate system.

describes the location of the Philippines

with respect to the continents and oceans
of the world.

describes the major landforms and bodies

of water in the Philippines.

recognizes that soil, water, rocks, coal,

and other fossil fuels are Earth materials.

recognizes that Earth materials provide

many of our resources.

describes ways of using Earth's

resources wisely.

investigates the effects of unwise use of

Earth's resources.

GRADE 7 - Earth and Space

FOURTH QUARTER / FOURTH GRADING PERIOD
The Philippine Archipelago

Location of the
Philippines in relation
to continents and
oceans using a
coordinate system

Physical features of
the Philippines

Protection and
conservation of
natural resources

demonstrates understanding of
the physical features of the
Philippine archipelago and its
natural resources, including the
ways by which these resources
are conserved and protected.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

practices conservation and

protection of resources (soil, water,
rocks and minerals, fossil fuels) in
the community.

48

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content Standards

Content
Interactions in the
Atmosphere

The learner

Land and sea

breezes
Monsoons
Intertropical
convergence zone
Ozone depletion*
Greenhouse effect*

demonstrates understanding of
the different phenomena that
occur in the atmosphere and
how they affect human activities.

Performance Standards
The learner

adapts and manages weather

phenomena-related risks to human
lives, properties, and the
environment
discusses how human activities
contribute to or lessen ozone
depletion and global warming

Learning Competencies
The learner

describes the different layers of the

atmosphere.

illustrates how some human activities

affect the atmosphere. (*Ozone depletion
is included here.)

explains how energy from the sun enters

the atmosphere. (*Greenhouse effect is
included here.)

accounts for the occurrence of land and

sea breezes and monsoons.

gives reasons for the occurrence of the

intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)

describes the effects of certain weather

systems in the Philippines

using models, relates

- the tilt of the Earth to the length of
daytime
- the length of daytime to the amount of
energy received
- the position of the Earth in its orbit to
the height of the Sun in the sky
- the height of the Sun in the sky to the
amount of energy received
- the latitude of an area to the amount of
energy the area receives.

Seasons in the Philippines

Relation of seasons

to the position of the

Sun in the sky
Causes of seasons in
the Philippines

demonstrates understanding of
the relationships of the seasons
and the position of the sun in the
sky

plans activities appropriate to the

seasons in the Philippines

shows what causes the seasons in the

Philippines to change using models

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

49

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content Standards

Content
Eclipses

Solar eclipse
Lunar eclipse

The learner

demonstrates understanding of
the occurrence of eclipses.

Performance Standards
The learner

discusses whether or not beliefs and

practices about eclipses have
scientific basis.

Learning Competencies
The learner
communicates how solar and lunar
eclipses occur.
collects, records and reports data on the
beliefs and practices of the community in
relation to eclipses.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

50

K TO 12 SCIENCE
GRADE 8 - Matter
FIRST QUARTER/ FIRST GRADING PERIOD
Content Standards

Content
Particulate Nature of
Matter

The learner

demonstrates understanding of
the particulate nature of matter,
explain the properties, physical
changes, and structure of
substances and mixtures.

Performance Standards
The learner

Learning Competencies
The learner

makes a chart, poster, or

multimedia presentation of
elements, ions, and compounds
that are important to living
organisms

infers the particulate nature of matter

from demonstration.

explains the properties of solids,

liquids, and gases using the
particulate nature of matter.

presents creatively how water

behaves in its different states based
on the arrangement of its particles
(atoms and molecules)

recognizes the different particles of

matter as atoms and molecules.

uses the particulate nature of matter to

explain:
-

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

melting
freezing
evaporation
condensation

explains physical changes in terms of

the arrangement and motion of atoms
and molecules.

uses models to represent elements,

compounds, and mixtures.

writes the names and symbols of the

first 20 elements.

51

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content Standards

Content
Atomic Structure

Subatomic particles
Formation of ions
Formula of common
ions

The learner

demonstrates understanding of
the idea that the identity of a
substance is determined by its
atomic structure.

Performance Standards
The learner

interprets food labels in terms of

amount of ions present in relation to
the required daily mineral intake.

Learning Competencies
The learner

names and describe the subatomic

particles.

determines the number of protons,

neutrons, and electrons in an atom.

recognizes that an element is

identified by the number of protons in
the nucleus.

explains how ions are formed.

determines the number of protons,

neutrons, and electrons.

writes the formula of common ions.

traces the development of the periodic

table from observations based on
similarities in properties of elements.

describes the arrangement of the

elements in the periodic table.

gathers information about the

elements from the periodic table.

uses the periodic table to predict the

chemical behavior of an element.

describes and groups elements as:

- highly reactive metals
- less reactive metals
- highly reactive nonmetals
- nonreactive gases

Periodic Table of Elements

Development of the
PT
Arrangement of
elements
Reactive and
nonreactive metals

demonstrates understanding of
the periodic table as an
organizing tool to determine the
chemical properties of
elements. These chemical
properties of elements depend
on the outermost electrons in
the atom.
demonstrates understanding of
grouping elements as highly
reactive metals, less reactive
metals, highly nonreactive
nonmetals and nonreactive
gases.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

52

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content Standards

Content

Performance Standards

Learning Competencies
The learner

appreciates the importance of knowing

the properties of elements in:
- the human body
- technology
- environment

describes the coordinated functions of

the organs of the digestive system

traces the path of food as it is being

digested

explains how enzymes help in

digesting food

explains how digested food is

absorbed through the villi and is
carried through the bloodstream to
the liver

illustrates how diseases of the

digestive system are detected,
prevented, or treated

reflects on healthful practices that

affect the digestive system

discusses contemporary health issues

that promote proper nutrition and
overall wellness.

researches on certain technologies

that are used to promote proper
functioning of the digestive system

GRADE 8 - Living Things and their Environment

SECOND QUARTER/SECOND GRADING PERIOD
The learner

Structures and Functions: Focus

on the Digestive System

Organs of the digestive

system
Chemical changes in food
as it undergoes digestion
brought about by gastric
juices and digestive
enzymes

Diseases resulting from

nutrient deficiency and
ingestion of harmful
substances

Prevention, detection and

treatment of diseases of the
digestive system

Contemporary health issues

that promote proper nutrition
and overall wellness

demonstrates understanding
of the organs of the digestive
system involving ingestion,
absorption, assimilation and
excretion
demonstrates understanding
of nutrients as raw materials
for energy, growth and
maintenance
demonstrates understanding
of diseases that result from
nutrient deficiency and
ingestion of harmful
substances as well as
prevention and treatment,
including traditional and
alternative medications
demonstrates understanding
of contemporary issues
related to health including
medical technologies

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

The learner

engages in practices that

promote proper functioning of
the digestive system

53

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content Standards

Content
Heredity: Inheritance and
variation of Traits

The learner

Organelles of the cell

involved in cell division

demonstrates understanding
that cells divide to produce
new cells.

Stages of mitosis

Performance Standards
The learner

Stages of meiosis

explains the importance of

mitosis in the growth,
development, and repair of
somatic cells
explains the importance of
variation in plant and animal
breeding

Learning Competencies
The learner

identifies organelles that are involved

in cell division

describes and compares the

processes of mitosis and meiosis, and
their role in the cell division cycle

compares the number of

chromosomes of the daughter cells
resulting from mitosis and meiosis

differentiates oogenesis and

spermatogenesis

explains the significance of meiosis in

maintaining the chromosome number

describes how the union of egg and

sperm cells results to variation

explains the concept of species as a

reproductively distinct group of
organisms

classifies organisms using the

hierarchical taxonomic system
(domain, kingdom, phylum, class,
order, family, genus, species)based on
structure and function

explains the advantage of high

biodiversity over low biodiversity

Oogenesis
Spermatogenesis

Biodiversity

Species diversity

Hierarchical taxonomic
system of species

Protection and conservation

of rare and economically
important species

demonstrates understanding
of the concept of a species
as a reproductively distinct
group of organisms.

demonstrates understanding
that species are further
classified into a hierarchical
taxonomic system (domain,
kingdom, phylum, class,
order, family, genus,
species)

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

initiates and participates in

activities that protect and
conserve rare and
economically important species

54

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content
Interactions

Transformation of energy
Biogeochemical cycles
- water cycle
- oxygen carbon cycle
- nitrogen cycle
Impact of human activities in
an ecosystem

Content Standards
The learner

demonstrates understanding
of the one way flow of
energy and the cycling of
materials in an ecosystem

Performance Standards
The learner

makes informed decisions

regarding food choices based
on the trophic levels

Learning Competencies
The learner

describes the transfer of energy

through the trophic levels

analyzes the roles of organisms in the

major biogeochemical cycles and
processes

explains how materials cycle in an

ecosystem

suggests ways to minimize human

impact on the environment

describe changes caused by

organisms in their environment to
ensure survival, which may affect the
ecosystem

investigates the relationship of the

amount of force applied and the mass
of the object to the amount of change
in the objects motion

infers that when a body exerts a force

on another an equal amount of force is
exerted back on it

models passengers body response to

changes in motion

GRADE 8 - Force, Motion and Energy

THIRD QUARTER/THIRD GRADING PERIOD
Laws of Motion

Law of Inertia
Law of Acceleration
Law of Interaction

demonstrates understanding
of the Newtons three laws of
motion: Law of Inertia, Law
of acceleration, and Law of
Interaction

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

observes road safety as a

motorist or a pedestrian.

55

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Content Standards

Performance Standards

Learning Competencies
The learner

Work Power and Energy

Laymans definition of work

vs mechanical work

Situations where work is

done and where work is not
done

The learner..

demonstrates understanding
of work using constant force,
power, gravitational potential
energy, kinetic energy, and
elastic potential energy

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

develops a written plan and implement

a Newtons Olympics

observes and predict natural

phenomena governed by laws of
motion

demonstrates the effects of friction on

a moving body

constructs a bottle rocket that has the

greatest time of flight

designs and implements an

experiment that will verify Newtons
3rd law of motion

relates the laws of motion to bodies in

uniform circular motion

infers that circular motion requires the

application of constant force directed
toward the center of the circle

identifies the manifestation of

centripetal force in real-life circular
motion

differentiates laymans definition of

work from mechanical work

determining if work is present in a

given activity or not

relates power, work and time

computes for work done by a constant

force

The learner..

maximizes the benefits of

energy while minimizing its
use of its sources

56

K TO 12 SCIENCE

Content

Content Standards

Performance Standards

Learning Competencies
The learner..

differentiates potential and kinetic

energy

relates speed and position of object to

energy possessed

investigates elastic constant of various

springs or rubber bands

creates a mousetrap car that will travel

the greatest distance and speed

compares the speed of sound through

solids, liquids and gases

infers how the molecular structure of a

material affect speed of sound moving
through it

investigates the effect of temperature

to speed of sound through fair testing

demonstrates the existence of the

color components of visible light using
a prism or diffraction grating

infers that color is a manifestation of

visible lights frequency or wavelength

explains the hierarchy of colors in

relation to energy

explains that red is bent the least and

violet is bent the most according to
their wavelengths or frequency

Sound

demonstrates understanding
of the propagation of sound
through solid, liquid, and gas

Light

The learner..

demonstrates understanding
of some properties and
characteristics of visible light

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

demonstrates care for eyes

57

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content
Heat

Content Standards
The learner..

demonstrates understanding
of heat and temperature and
the effects of heat to a body

Performance Standards
The learner..

chooses appropriate materials

for a specific function

Learning Competencies
The learner..

differentiates between heat and

temperature in the molecular level

demonstrates why touching is not an

accurate way to measure temperature

cites examples in real life and

industries that apply expansion of
materials (e.g. expansion slots of
bridges, wine commerce, tooth filling
materials)

investigates the relationship between

amount of heat transferred to
temperature difference or heat
capacity or mass using fair testing

explains the conditions necessary to

change the state of matter

infers that change of state requires no

change in temperature

infers the relationship between current

and charge

creates models or cites analogies for

electrical charge, current, voltage,
power and resistance

differentiates voltage from current and

identify which causes physiological
effects

explains the function of a resistor and

identify household examples

Electricity and Magnetism

demonstrates understanding
of current- voltage-resistance
relationship, electric power,
electric energy, and home
circuitry

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

practices safety in handling

electrical devices

58

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Content Standards

Performance Standards

Learning Competencies
The learner

Earthquakes and Faults

Active and inactive faults

How movements along
faults generate earthquakes
Earthquake focus and
epicenters

investigates the effect of using one or

two batteries to various ways of
connecting two light bulbs (series and
parallel connections)

explains using series connection how

current though our body lessens with
protective boots and gloves

explains the advantage of parallel

wiring in homes

differentiates electrical power and

energy

compares power rating and energy

consumption of various electrical
appliances

discusses the dangers of overloading

anelectrical circuit

explains why ground is zero potential

explains the functions of circuit

breakers, fuses, earthing, double
insulation and other safety devices in
the home

describes what a fault is.

using models or illustrations, explains

how movements along faults generate
earthquakes.

GRADE 8 - Earth and Space

FOURTH QUARTER/FOURTH GRADING PERIOD
The learner...
The learner..

demonstrates understanding
of the relationship between
faults and earthquakes.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

makes informed decisions

based on knowledge of the
location of active faults in the
community.

59

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Intensity and Magnitude

Earthquake preparedness
How earthquake waves
provide information about
the interior of the Earth.

Understanding Typhoons

How typhoons develop

Why the Philippines is

prone to typhoons

Performance Standards
The learner..

Learning Competencies
The learner..

differentiates the epicenter of an

earthquake from its focus

differentiates the intensity of an

earthquake from its magnitude

Identifies faults in the community

differentiates between active and

inactive faults

explains how earthquake waves

provide information about the interior
of the earth

demonstrates precautionary
measures before, during, and
after a typhoon

explains how typhoons develop

infers why the Philippines is prone to

typhoons

includes following advisories,

storm signals, and calls for
evacuation given by
responsible government
agencies

explains how landforms and bodies of

water affect typhoons

traces the path of typhoons that enter

the Philippine Area of Responsibility
(PAR) using a topographic map and
tracking data

compares and contrasts comets,

meteors, and asteroids.

predicts the appearance of comets

based on recorded data of previous
appearances.

explains the regular occurrence of

meteor showers.

shows emergency
preparedness (includes
following advisories given by
responsible government
agencies) before, during and
after an earthquake

The learner

demonstrates understanding
of formation of typhoons.

How landforms and bodies

of water affect typhoons
Philippine Area of
Responsibility

Other Members of the Solar

System

Content Standards

demonstrates understanding
of characteristics of meteors
and comets.

Comets
Meteors
Asteroids

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

participates in activities that

lessen the harmful effects of
typhoons
discusses whether or not
beliefs and practices about
comets and meteors have
scientific basis.

60

K TO 12 SCIENCE
GRADE 9 - Matter
FIRST QUARTER/ FIRST GRADING PERIOD
Content
Chemical Bonding

Metallic Bonding
Ionic and Covalent
Bonding

Content Standards
The learner
demonstrates understanding of:

the patterns observed in the

number of outermost electrons
of atoms, which are the ones
involved in chemical bonding
interactions between
submicroscopic components of
different substances that lead
to atomic or molecular
rearrangements forming new
substances

the concept that atoms and

molecules combine in definite
ratios to form larger structures
with a new set of properties

the type of bond that carbon

forms explains the diversity of
carbon compounds

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

Performance Standards
The learner

conducts a survey of organic and

inorganic compounds found in
natural resources of the
Philippines
indicates the uses of these
compounds based on their
properties and present data in a
poster, chart, or multimedia
presentation

Learning Competencies
The learner

explains properties of metals in terms of

their structure

recognizes different types of compounds

(ionic or covalent) from their properties
such as melting point, hardness, polarity,
and electrical and thermal conductivity

recognizes different types of elements

that combine to form specific types of
compounds (combination of metals and
nonmetals)

writes chemical formulas of ionic and

covalent compounds formed by the first
20 elements

explains the formation of ionic

compounds and covalent compounds in
terms of ionization energy and electron
affinity

infers trends in ionization energy and

electron affinity.

explains chemical changes in terms of

the breaking of bonds and the
rearrangement of atoms to form new
substances

61

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Content Standards

Performance Standards

Learning Competencies
The learner

The Variety of Carbon

Compounds

describes how the structure of carbon

atom affects the type of bonds it forms.

recognizes the general classes of

organic compounds and their uses.

uses the mole concept to express mass

of substances.

determines the mass of a given number

of moles of a substance.

determines the number of moles of a

substance, given its mass.

determines the percentage of

composition of a compound given its
chemical formula and vice versa.

describes the parts and functions of the

circulatory system

explains the mechanism on how the

circulatory system transports nutrients,
gases, and other molecules to and from
the different parts of the body

explains how harmful substances affect

the respiratory and circulatory systems

The learner

Mole Concept

designs an educational game

involving mole concept.

GRADE 9 - Living Things and Their Environment

SECOND QUARTER/SECOND GRADING PERIOD
Respiratory and Circulatory
Systems Working with the
Other Organ Systems

The learner
demonstrates understanding of

how the different parts and

functions of the circulatory and
respiratory systems and how
they work with the other organ
system to transport oxygen-rich
blood and nutrients to the
different parts of the body

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

practices healthful habits to

maintain proper functioning of the
organs of the respiratory and
circulatory systems

62

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Content Standards

The learner

explains how lifestyle (e.g., regular

exercise, smoking) affects the
functioning of the circulatory system

makes a chart of diseases affecting the

circulatory system and their prevention,
detection, and treatment

explains how fertilization produces a

diploid zygote out of haploid gametes

describes the location of genes in

chromosomes

explains how genes are responsible for

specific traits

identifies phenotypes as the expression

of inherited characteristics

the prevention, detection, and

treatment of diseases affecting
the circulatory system

The learner
demonstrates understanding of

Haploid number of
chromosomes in
gametes

Location of genes in
chromosomes

Restoration of the
diploid number of
chromosomes in the
offspring through
fertilization

Expression of the
genetic information as
physical traits in the
offspring

Learning Competencies

The learner

Heredity: Inheritance and

Variation

Performance Standards

that genetic information is

organized in genes on
chromosomes
that traits of an organism are
transmitted to the offspring
through the genes found in
chromosomes.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

illustrates how traits of

economically important plants
and animals are improved
through breeding

63

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content
Life Energy

From Light Energy to

Chemical Energy of
Food
- Structure and function
of plant parts and
organelles involved in
photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis
- Light-dependent
reactions
- Light-independent
reactions and
synthesis of glucose

Content Standards
The learner

demonstrates understanding of
life energy processes

Performance Standards
The learner

applies farming practices that

relate knowledge of
photosynthesis that may result to
increased yield

Learning Competencies
The learner

associates photosynthesis and

respiration with appropriate cell
structures

provides evidence that plants can

manufacture their own food

differentiates basic features of

photosynthesis and respiration

explains the importance of

photosynthesis to other organisms

Generation of chemical
energy (ATP) through
respiration
- Structure and function
of mitochondrion as
the main organelle
involved cellular
respiration
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic
respiration

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

64

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content
Interactions
Decomposition
Nutrient cycling Population
growth & carrying capacity

Content Standards
The learner

Performance Standards
The learner

demonstrates understanding that

microorganisms have essential

roles in nutrient cycling.

an ecosystem can only support

a limited number of organisms

relates overcrowding in fish pens

to eutrophication and fish kills

Learning Competencies
The learner

designs and conduct an experiment

using yeast or other suitable organisms
to evaluate the relationship between
population growth and carrying capacity

describes motion in two dimension.

identifies any projectile is moving under

the influence of gravity.

explains why projectiles travel with two

independent motions.

computes for unknown variables using

equations for horizontal and angled
projectiles.

proposes ways to enhance sports

related to projectile motion.

explains the dangers of celebratory

firing.

relates impulse and momentum to cause

and effect.
analyzes factors required to produce a
change in momentum.

GRADE 9 - Force, Motion and Energy

THIRD QUARTER/THIRD GRADING PERIOD
Projectile Motion

Motion in two dimension

Impulse and Momentum

Elastic and inelastic

collision

demonstrates understanding of
projectile motion, impulse and
momentum, conservation of
momentum.

advocates road safety.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

65

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Content Standards

Learning Competencies

Performance Standards

The learner

Work Power and Energy

Changes in form of
mechanical energy

The learner

demonstrates understanding of
conservation of mechanical
energy.

analyzes one-dimensional elastic and

inelastic collision and recoil situations.

examines effects and predict causes of

collision-related damages/injuries.

explains how different types of

mechanical energy change its form.

uses the equation for conservation of

energy in solving for unknowns.

explains energy transformation in

various activities/events (e.g. waterfalls,
archery, amusement rides).

creates ball launchers that can project a

ball to a great distance.

creates a model to explain natural

frequency of matter.

explains how resonance causes sound

production in musical instruments.

investigates the conditions required for

resonance to occur in various media.

creates models to illustrate constructive

and destructive interferences.

cites advantages and disadvantages and

applications of interference.

The learner..

manages energy sources

suitable to ones lifestyle

Conservation of energy

Sound

Resonance
Interferences
Waves and building
designs

demonstrates understanding of
sound resonance, interference,
and basic acoustics.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

chooses appropriate materials for

a specific function

66

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Content Standards

Performance Standards

Learning Competencies
The learner

The learner

Light

Motion of light

Transparent, translucent
or opaque materials

demonstrates propagation of
light through various media

explains how knowledge of properties of

waves is applied in building designs.

identifies sources of noise in different

environment and explain how noise can
be reduced to acceptable levels.

demonstrates the straight line motion of

light

realizes that opaque materials cast

shadows

investigates the varying size and shape

of shadows due to movement of light
source

classifies materials as transparent,

translucent or opaque

investigates the effect light incident to a

material

cites examples of natural heat transfer

evaluates natural and man-made

designs that prevent or promote heat
loss through conduction, convection or
radiation

explains why wasted energy cannot be

prevented

The learner

chooses appropriate materials for

a specific function

Heat

Natural heat transfer

Heat loss through

conduction, convection
or radiation

Preventing heat transfer

demonstrates understanding of
the relationship among heat,
work, and efficiency

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

chooses appropriate materials for

a specific function

67

K TO 12 SCIENCE

Content

Content Standards

Performance Standards

Learning Competencies
The learner

identifies relevant design home/building

designs related to heat transfer

investigates the effectiveness of

indigenous materials in promoting or
preventing heat transfer

sketches magnetic fields

demonstrates the generation of

electricity by movement of a magnet
through a coil

investigates factors that affect strength

of magnetic field of an electromagnet

makes a model on how a magnetic field

exerts a force on a wire

constructs a simple galvanometer using

a compass and wire and explain its
function

interprets the operation of a simple

generator

describes the design of a simple electric

motor

constructs a simple door bell or burglar

alarm

Electricity and magnetism

Electromagnetic effects

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

68

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Grade 9 - Earth and Space
FOURTH QUARTER/FOURTH GRADING PERIOD
Content
Volcanoes and the Interior of
the Earth
Active and inactive
volcanoes
Different types of
volcanoes
What happens when
volcanoes erupt
Energy form volcanoes
How volcanoes provide
information about the
interior of the Earth.

Content Standards
The learner
demonstrates understanding of
the interior of the Earth using
information from volcanoes

Performance Standards
The learner

makes informed decisions based

on identified permanent danger
zones around active volcanoes
shows emergency preparedness
before, during and after a
volcanic eruption
includes following advisories
regarding alert levels and calls
for evacuation given by
responsible government
agencies

Learning Competencies
The learner

identifies the volcanoes in the

community (or in the region)

differentiates between active and

inactive volcanoes

describes the different types of

volcanoes

using models or illustrations, explains

what happens when volcanoes erupt

using diagrams, illustrates how energy

from volcanoes may be tapped for
human use

explains how volcanoes provide

information about the interior of the
Earth

explains how different factors affect the

climate of an area

describes certain climatic phenomena

that occur on a global level (global
warming and El Nio are included here)

Climate
Factors that affect climate
Global climate
phenomenon

demonstrates understanding of
the factors that affect climate,
the effects of changing climate,
and how to adapt to them

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

participates in activities that

reduce risks and lessen effects of
climate change

69

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content
Constellations
Characteristics of stars
Arrangement of stars in a
group
Changing position of
constellations doing the
night and at different times
of the year
Beliefs and practices about
constellations and
astrology

Content Standards
The learner
demonstrates understanding of
the factors that affect climate,
the effects of changing climate,
and how to adapt to them.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

Performance Standards
The learner

demonstrates understanding of
the factors that affect climate, the
effects of changing climate, and
how to adapt to them

Learning Competencies
The learner

infers the characteristics of stars based

on the characteristics of the Sun

infers that the arrangement of stars in a

group (constellation) does not change

observes that the position of a

constellation changes in the course of a
night

using models, shows which

constellations may be observed at
different times of the year

70

K TO 12 SCIENCE
GRADE 10 - Matter
FIRST QUARTER/FIRST GRADING PERIOD
Content
Gas Laws

Kinetic Molecular
Theory
Volume, pressure and
temperature
relationship
Ideal gas law

Content Standards
The learner

demonstrates understanding
of the relationships among
temperature, volume and
pressure of gases through
the kinetic molecular theory.

Performance Standards
The learner

applies the Kinetic Molecular

theory in explaining everyday
situations involving gases.

Learning Competencies
The learner

investigates the relationship between:

-

volume and pressure at constant

temperature of a gas
volume and temperature at constant
pressure of a gas
explains these relationships using the
kinetic molecular theory.

cites situations that demonstrate the

relationship between:
- volume and pressure at constant
amount and temperature of a gas
- volume and temperature at constant
amount and pressure of a gas

performs calculations using the ideal gas

law

recognizes the major categories of

biological molecules such as
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
nucleic acids.

Biomolecules

Elements present in
biomolecules

Carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and nucleic
acids.

Food labels

demonstrates understanding of
biomolecules which are made
mostly of a limited number of
elements, such as carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen and
nitrogen.Together with water
and a few kinds of ions, these
biomolecules make up cells
and tissues.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

interprets food labels in terms of

percentage composition in
relation to the required daily
intake of carbohydrates/sugars,
proteins, and fats.

71

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content
Chemical Reactions

Content Standards
The learner
demonstrates understanding of
chemical reactions associated
with biological and industrial
processes affecting life and the
environment.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

Performance Standards
The learner

using any form of media,

presents the effects of chemical
reactions on biological and
industrial processes affecting life
and the environment.

Learning Competencies
The learner

describes the four general types of

chemical reactions.

applies the principles of

conservation of mass to chemical

reactions

balances equations, given the formulas

for reactants and products.

enumerates and explains the factors

affecting rates of chemical reactions.

recognizes that all chemical reactions

are accompanied by energy change.

identifies chemical reactions involved in

biological and industrial processes
affecting life and the environment.

describes chemical reactions involved in

plant growth, food digestion and
spoilage.

describes the effects of various factors

on the rate of chemical reactions.

explains how the factors affecting rates

of chemical reactions are applied in food
preservation and materials production,
control of fire, pollution, and corrosion.

recognizes the importance of controlling

rates of reactions in technology.

72

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Grade 10 - Living Things and Their Environment
SECOND QUARTER/SECOND GRADING PERIOD
Content
Coordinated Functions of
the Organs of the
Reproductive System

Content Standards
The learner
demonstrates understanding of

Performance Standards
The learner

the structure and function of

the reproductive system

practices healthful habits to

maintain proper functioning of the
organs of the reproductive
system

hormones involved in the

female and male reproductive
systems

Learning Competencies
The learner

describes the functions of the major parts

of the reproductive organs

explains the roles of hormones involved

in the female and male reproductive
systems

summarizes the process of reproduction

using a concept map

describes the structure of the DNA

molecule

explains the process of DNA replication

explains the process of protein synthesis

explains how mutations may cause

changes to the structure and function of
a protein

feedback mechanisms involved

in the female reproductive
system (e.g., menstrual cycle)
process of fertilization
development of the zygote
Heredity: Inheritance and
Variation

demonstrates understanding
that the information passed
from parents to offspring is
coded in DNA molecules
of the structure of DNA
molecules

explains how heritable

characteristics can be observed
in an organisms phenotype
molecular or whole-organism
level

of the DNA replication

genetic information stored in
DNA is used to direct the
synthesis of proteins
of process of protein synthesis
K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

73

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Performance Standards

Content Standards
The learner

how mutations in a gene

influence the structure or
function of proteins

that mutations that occur in sex

cells can be passed on to the
offsprings

Evolution
demonstrates understanding

that evolution explains both the

unity and diversity of species
of the Theory of Natural
Selection

Learning Competencies

The learner

The learner

describes the theory of natural selection

explains how natural selection can result

to speciation and extinction

explains how fossil records, comparative

anatomy and genetic information provide
evidence of evolution

explains the importance of adaptation as

a mechanism for species survival

applies Newtons laws of motion to

describe translational equilibrium

explains the conditions for translational

equilibrium

explains how species diversity

increases the probability of
adaptation and survival of
organisms in changing
environments

of the scientific evidence of

natural selection

GRADE 10 - Force, Motion and Energy

THIRD QUARTER/ THIRD GRADING PERIOD
Center of Mass and
Equilibrium

demonstrates understanding of
balance, stability, and strength.

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

practices appropriate positions or

movements to achieve efficiency
and safety in performing sports
activities such as basketball,
soccer, tennis, and swimming

74

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content Standards

Content

Performance Standards

Learning Competencies
The learner

Characteristics of Fluids and

Solids

The learner

demonstrates understanding of
the differences between fluids
and solids in terms of molecular
structure, compressibility and
density
applies knowledge of hydraulic
systems to real life situations

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

constructs free body diagrams

applies vector techniques to translational

equilibrium problems

determines the center of mass of various

objects

explains the conditions for rotational

equilibrium

differentiates fluids from solids in terms

of molecular structure, compressibility
and density

demonstrates how temperature affect

density

explains the relationship between fluid

pressure and depth or density and cite
real life examples

differentiates gauge, atmospheric and

total pressure

demonstrates real-life examples

involving atmospheric pressure

cites examples of hydraulic systems and

relate to pressure

explains Pascals principle

conducts a fair test to identify which

factors determine whether a given object
will float or sink

The learner...
solves problems involving
pressure and buoyancy, hydraulic
systems, and pressure

75

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Content Standards

Performance Standards

Learning Competencies
The learner

Waves

The learner

demonstrates understanding of
the different regions of the
electromagnetic waves

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

explains how buoyancy is controlled in

nature (e.g., fish, humans, and sharks)
and in constructed devices (e.g.,
submarines, airplanes, airships, scuba
gear, and hot air balloons)

compares different fluids to determine

how they alter the buoyant force on a
given object

solves problems involving pressure and

buoyancy

demonstrates understanding of balance,

stability, and strength

compares the relative wavelengths of

different forms of electromagnetic
radiation

explains uses of the different forms of

EM radiation

creates models on how materials react to

EM radiation other than light (e.g. glass
is opaque to some UV rays)

explains the effects of EM radiation to

living things

The learner
demonstrates understanding of
balance, stability, and strength
protects oneself from the dangers
brought about by different
regions/forms of electromagnetic
radiation

76

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Content Standards
The learner

Sound

Light

demonstrates understanding of
the Doppler effect

demonstrates understanding of
the images formed by the
different types of mirrors and
lenses

Performance Standards
The learner

Learning Competencies
The learner

demonstrates understanding of
balance, stability, and strength

infers the relative motion or

position of the source of sound
based on the quality of sound
reaching the listener

illustrates the effect of relative motion of

source and receiver to the wavelength
and frequency of sound

derives Doppler effect equation for sound

applies the equation to situations

showing various motion of observer and
sound source

predicts the qualitative characteristics

(orientation, type and magnification) of
images formed by plane and curved
mirrors

performs experimentations to test

predictions and summarize their findings

applies ray diagramming techniques in

describing the characteristics and
positions of images formed by lenses

identifies ways in which the properties of

mirrors and lenses determine their use in
optical instruments (e.g. camera,
binoculars)

explains generation and transmission of

electricity through power stations

enumerates various ways of generating

electricity in the Philippines and state the
transformation of energy for each (e.g.
hydroelectric, geothermal or wind power
plant)

makes informed choices on

selecting the right type of mirrors or
lenses for specific purposes

Electricity and Magnetism

Transmission of energy
Power generation and
energy loses

appreciates the role of the

entire grid network in delivering
electricity from the power plants
to schools, homes and
industries

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

avoids danger from high voltage

wires
conserves electricity

77

K TO 12 SCIENCE
Content

Content Standards

Performance Standards

Learning Competencies
The learner

Plate Tectonics
Volcanoes, earthquake
epicenters, and mountain
ranges
Their relationship to the
plate boundaries

The learner

describes energy loss in transmission

cables and explain how this is prevented

infers the advantages of high voltage

transmission

explains the importance of a national grid

network

explains how power generation is related

to renewable energy sources

identifies places in the world where

volcanoes are located.

identifies places in the world where

earthquakes commonly occur.

identifies places in the world where

mountain ranges are found.

using maps, locates active volcanoes,

earthquake epicenters, and mountain
ranges to explain their relationship to the
plate boundaries.

simulates how underwater earthquakes

generate tsunamis.

Grade 10 - Earth and Space

FOURTH QUARTER/ FOURTH GRADING PERIOD
The learner

demonstrates understanding of
the relationship among location
of volcanoes, earthquake
epicenters and mountain
ranges

K to 12 Curriculum Guide Science version as of January 31, 2012

demonstrates ways to ensure

disaster preparedness during
earthquakes, tsunamis, and
volcanic eruptions
suggests ways by which he/she
can contribute to government
efforts in reducing damage due to
earthquakes, tsunamis, and
volcanic eruptions

78