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CS12 Ver 2014.09.01

STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS
FOR

Chapter 5 examples
20' eave height using MWFRS all heights procedure
20' eave height using MWFRS <60' procedure
Guide to Wind Load Provisions of ASCE 7-10

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Code Search
Code:

ASCE 7 - 10

Occupancy:
Occupancy Group =

Business

Risk Category & Importance Factors:

Risk Category =

II

Wind factor =
Snow factor =
Seismic factor =

1.00
1.00
1.00

Type of Construction:
Fire Rating:
Roof =
Floor =

0.0 hr
0.0 hr

Building Geometry:
Roof angle ()
Building length (L)
Least width
(B)
Mean Roof Ht (h)
Parapet ht above grd
Minimum parapet ht

4.00 / 12
250.0 ft
200.0 ft
36.7 ft
0.0 ft
0.0 ft

18.4 deg

Live Loads:
Roof

0 to 200 sf: 20 psf

200 to 600 sf: 24 - 0.02Area, but not less than 12 psf
over 600 sf: 12 psf

Floor:
Typical Floor

50 psf

Partitions

15 psf

Lobbies & first floor corridors

100 psf

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Ultimate Wind Speed

Nominal Wind Speed
Risk Category
Exposure Category
Enclosure Classif.
Internal pressure
Directionality (Kd)
Kh case 1
Kh case 2

DATE

CHECKED BY

DATE

Gable

Topographic Factor (Kzt)

Topography
Hill Height
(H)
Half Hill Length (Lh)
Actual H/Lh
=
Use H/Lh
=
Modified Lh
=
From top of crest: x =
Bldg up/down wind?

Flat
80.0 ft
100.0 ft
0.80
0.50
160.0 ft
50.0 ft
downwind

H/Lh= 0.50

K1 =

0.000

x/Lh = 0.31

K2 =

0.792

z/Lh = 0.23
At Mean Roof Ht:

K3 =

1.000

Kzt = (1+K1K2K3)^2 =

1.00

Gust Effect Factor

Flexible structure if natural frequency < 1 Hz (T > 1 second).

However, if building h/B < 4 then probably rigid structure (rule of thumb).

36.7 ft
200.0 ft
22.0 ft

h/B = 0.18

G=
Rigid Structure
0.20
=
500 ft
zmin =
15 ft

G=

SHEET NO.

115 mph
89.1 mph
II
C
Enclosed Building
+/-0.18
0.85
1.025
1.025

Type of roof

c=
gQ, gv =
Lz =
Q=
Iz =

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ASCE 7- 10

Wind Loads :

h=
B=
/z (0.6h) =

Chapter 5 examples

0.20
3.4
461.1 ft
0.84
0.21
0.84

Rigid structure

0.85 Using rigid structure default

Flexible or Dynamically Sensitive Structure

Natural Frequency (1) =
0.0 Hz
Damping ratio () =
/b =

0
0.65

/ =
Vz =
N1 =
Rn =
Rh =
RB =
RL =
gR =
R =
G =

0.15
103.0
0.00
0.000
28.282
28.282
28.282
0.000
0.000
0.000

=
=
=

0.000
0.000
0.000

h=

36.7 ft

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Enclosure Classification
Test for Enclosed Building: A building that does not qualify as open or partially enclosed.
All walls are at least 80% open.
Ao 0.8Ag

Test for Open Building:

Test for Partially Enclosed Building:

Ao
Ag
Aoi
Agi

Input
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

sf
sf
sf
sf

Ao 1.1Aoi
Ao > 4' or 0.01Ag
Aoi / Agi 0.20

Test
YES
NO
NO

Building is NOT
Partially Enclosed

Conditions to qualify as Partially Enclosed Building. Must satisfy all of the following:
Ao 1.1Aoi
Ao > smaller of 4' or 0.01 Ag
Aoi / Agi 0.20
Where:
Ao = the total area of openings in a wall that receives positive external pressure.
Ag = the gross area of that wall in which Ao is identified.
Aoi = the sum of the areas of openings in the building envelope (walls and roof) not including Ao.
Agi = the sum of the gross surface areas of the building envelope (walls and roof) not including Ag.

Reduction Factor for large volume partially enclosed buildings (Ri) :

If the partially enclosed building contains a single room that is unpartitioned , the internal
pressure coefficient may be multiplied by the reduction factor Ri.
Total area of all wall & roof openings (Aog):
Unpartitioned internal volume (Vi) :
Ri =

0 sf
0 cf
1.00

Altitude adjustment to constant 0.00256 (caution - see code) :

Altitude =
Constant =

0 feet
0.00256

Average Air Density =

3
0.0765 lbm/ft

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Wind Loads - MWFRS all h (Enclosed/partially enclosed only)

Kh (case 2) =
Base pressure (qh) =
Roof Angle () =
Roof tributary area - (h/2)*L:
(h/2)*B:

1.025
29.5 psf
18.4 deg
4588 sf
3670 sf

h=
ridge ht =
L=
B=

36.7 ft
53.4 ft
250.0 ft
200.0 ft

GCpi =
G=
qi = qh

Ultimate Wind Surface Pressures (psf)

Wind Normal to Ridge
B/L = 0.80
h/L = 0.18
qhGCp
w/+qiGCpi w/-qhGCpi
Dist.*
Cp

Surface
Windward Wall (WW)
Leeward Wall (LW)
Side Wall (SW)

0.80
-0.50
-0.70

20.1
-12.5
-17.5

see table below

-17.8
-7.2
-22.9
-12.2

Leeward Roof (LR)

Windward Roof neg press.
Windward Roof pos press.

-0.57
-0.36
0.14

-14.3
-9.1
3.4

-19.6
-14.4
-1.9

Windward Wall Pressures at "z" (psf)

z
0 to 15'
20.0 ft
25 0 ft
25.0
30.0 ft
h= 36.7 ft
ridge = 53.4 ft

Kz

Kzt

0.85
0.90
0 95
0.95
0.98
1.02
1.11

1.00
1.00
1 00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

Windward Wall
qzGCp
w/+qiGCpi w/-qhGCpi
16.6
17.6
18 5
18.5
19.2
20.1
21.7

11.3
12.3
13 2
13.2
13.9
14.7
16.4

21.9
23.0
23 8
23.8
24.5
25.4
27.0

-8.9
-3.8
8.8

Kz
0.85

Windward parapet:
Leeward parapet:

Kzt
1.00
0.0 psf
0.0 psf

20.1
-11.3
-17.5

see table below

-16.6
-6.0
-22.9
-12.2

Included in windward roof

0 to h/2*
-0.90
-22.6
-27.9
h/2 to h*
-0.90
-22.6
-27.9
h to 2h*
-0.50
-12.5
-17.8
> 2h*
-0.30
-7.5
-12.8
*Horizontal distance from windward edge

Combined WW + LW
Normal
Parallel
to Ridge

to Ridge

29.1
30.2
31 0
31.0
31.8
32.6
34.2

27.9
28.9
29 8
29.8
30.5
31.3
33.0

qp (psf)
0.0
(GCpn = +1.5)
(GCpn = -1.0)

Windward roof overhangs ( add to windward roof pressure) :

Wind Parallel to Ridge

L/B = 1.25
h/L = 0.15
qhGCp
w/ +qiGCpi w/ -qhGCpi
Cp
0.80
-0.45
-0.70

NOTE:
See figure in ASCE7 for the application of full and partial loading
of the above wind pressures. There are 4 different loading cases.
Parapet
z
0.0 ft

+/-0.18
0.85

20.1 psf (upward)

-17.3
-17.3
-7.2
-2.2

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Wind Loads - MWFRS h60' (Low-rise Buildings) Enclosed/partially enclosed only

Kz = Kh (case 1) =
Base pressure (qh) =
GCpi =

1.02
29.5 psf
+/-0.18

Edge Strip (a) =

End Zone (2a) =
Zone 2 length =

14.7 ft
29.4 ft
91.8 ft

Wind Pressure Coefficients

CASE A

CASE B

= 18.4 deg

Surface
1
2
3
4
5
6
1E
2E
3E
4E
5E
6E

GCpf
0.52
-0.69
-0.47
-0.42
0.78
-1.07
-0.67
-0.62

w/-GCpi

w/+GCpi

0.70
-0.51
-0.29
-0.24

0.34
-0.87
-0.65
-0.60

0.96
-0.89
-0.49
-0.44

0.60
-1.25
-0.85
-0.80

GCpf
w/-GCpi
-0.45 -0.27
-0.69 -0.51
-0.37 -0.19
-0.45 -0.27
0.40
0.58
-0.29 -0.11
-0.48 -0.30
-1.07 -0.89
-0.53 -0.35
-0.48 -0.30
0.61
0.79
-0.43 -0.25

w/+GCpi

-0.63
-0.87
-0.55
-0.63
0.22
-0.47
-0.66
-1.25
-0.71
-0.66
0.43
-0.61

Ultimate Wind Surface Pressures (psf)

1
2
3
4
5
6
1E
2E
3E
4E
5E
6E

20.5
-15.0
-8.5
-6.9

9.9
-25.7
-19.1
-17.6

28.3
-26.2
-14.5
-12.9

17.7
-36.9
-25.2
-23.5

-8.0
-15.0
-5.6
-8.0
17.1
-3.2
-8.8
-26.2
-10.3
-8.8
23.3
-7.4

-18.6
-25.7
-16.2
-18.6
6.5
-13.9
-19.5
-36.9
-20.9
-19.5
12.7
-18.0

Parapet
Windward parapet =
Leeward parapet =

0.0 psf
0.0 psf

(GCpn = +1.5)
(GCpn = -1.0)

Horizontal MWFRS Simple Diaphragm Pressures (psf)

Transverse direction (normal to L)
Interior Zone: Wall
27.5 psf
Roof
-6.5 psf **
End Zone: Wall
41.2 psf
Roof
-11.7 psf **
Longitudinal direction (parallel to L)
Interior Zone: Wall
20.3 psf
End Zone: Wall
30.7 psf
** NOTE: Total horiz force shall not be less than that determined
by neglecting roof forces (except for MWFRS moment frames).
The code requires the MWFRS be designed for a min ultimate
force of 16 psf multiplied by the wall area plus an 8 psf force
applied to the vertical projection of the roof.

Windward roof
overhangs =

20.6 psf (upward) add to

windward roof pressure

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Location of MWFRS Wind Pressure Zones

NOTE: Torsional loads are 25% of zones 1 - 6. See code for loading diagram.

ASCE 7 -99 and ASCE 7-10 (& later)

NOTE: Torsional loads are 25% of zones 1 - 4. See code for loading diagram.

ASCE 7 -02 and ASCE 7-05

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Ultimate Wind Pressures

Wind Loads - Components & Cladding : h <= 60'

Kh (case 1) =
1.02
Base pressure (qh) =
29.5 psf
Minimum parapet ht =
0.0 ft
Roof Angle () =
18.4 deg
Type of roof = Gable

Roof
Area
Negative Zone 1
Negative Zone 2
Negative Zone 3
Positive All Zones
Overhang Zone 2
Overhang Zone 3

10 sf
-1.08
-1.88
-2.78
0.68

h=
a=
GCpi =

GCp +/- GCpi

50 sf
100 sf
-1.01
-0.98
-1.53
-1.38
-2.36
-2.18
0.54
0.48

36.7 ft
14.7 ft
+/-0.18

Surface Pressure (psf)

10 sf
50 sf
100 sf
-31.9
-29.8
-28.9
-55.4
-45.1
-40.7
-82.0
-69.6
-64.3
20.1
16.0
16.0

User input
208 sf
500 sf
-28.0
-28.9
-40.7
-40.7
-64.3
-64.3
16.0
16.0

-2.20
-2.20
-2.20
-64.9
-64.9
-64.9
-64.9
-64.9
-3.70
-2.86
-2.50
-109.1
-84.4
-73.7
-73.7
-73.7
Overhang pressures in the table above assume an internal pressure coefficient (Gcpi) of 0.0
Overhang soffit pressure equals adjacent wall pressure reduced by internal pressure of 5.3 psf

Parapet
qp =

0.0 psf

CASE A = pressure towards building (pos)

CASE B = pressure away from bldg (neg)

Walls
Area
Negative Zone 4
Negative Zone 5
Positive Zone 4 & 5

10 sf
-1.28
-1.58
1.18

Solid Parapet Pressure

CASE A : Interior zone:
Corner zone:
CASE B : Interior zone:
Corner zone:

GCp +/- GCpi

100 sf
500 sf
-1.10
-0.98
-1.23
-0.98
1.00
0.88

Surface Pressure (psf)

10 sf
100 sf
500 sf
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

Surface Pressure (psf)

10 sf
100 sf
500 sf
-37.8
-32.5
-28.9
-46.6
-36.2
-28.9
34.8
29.6
26.0

User input

40 sf
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

User input
15 sf
208 sf
-36.9
-30.9
-44.8
-32.9
33.9
27.9

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Ultimate Wind Pressures

Location of C&C Wind Pressure Zones

Roofs w/ 10
and all walls
h > 60'

Monoslope roofs
10 < 30
h 60' & alt design h<90'

Walls h 60'
& alt design h<90'

Multispan Gable &

Gable 7 < 45

Gable, Sawtooth and

Multispan Gable 7 degrees &
Monoslope 3 degrees
h 60' & alt design h<90'

Monoslope roofs
3 < 10
h 60' & alt design h<90'

Hip 7 < 27

Sawtooth 10 < 45
h 60' & alt design h<90'

Stepped roofs 3
h 60'
60 & alt design h
90
h<90'

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Roof Design Loads

Items

Description

Roofing

Metal, copper, or tin sheets

Multiple

Decking

Metal Roof deck, 1.5, 22 ga.

1.7

1.2

Framing

Steel roof joists & girders

3.0

2.0

Insulation

Fibrous Glass roof board per

4.4

4.4

Ceiling

Suspended acoustical tile

1.8

1.0

Mech & Elec

Mech. & Elec.

2.0

0.0

Misc.

Misc.

0.5

0.0

0.0

0.0

14.9
20.0
20.0
0.0
16.0
40.0
42.2
-

9.6
8.0
0.0
0.0
-40.7
-19.6

64.0
50.0
-

-33.5

x 4.0

Actual Dead Load

Use this DL instead
Live Load
Snow Load
Ultimate Wind (zone 2 - 100sf)
D + Lr
D + 0.75(0.6*W + Lr)
0.6*D + 0.6*W

ASD Loading
LRFD Loading

1.2D + 1.6 Lr + 0.5W

1.2D + 1.0W + 0.5Lr
0.9D + 1.0W

Roof Live Load Reduction

Roof angle

psf (max)

psf (min)

1.5

1.0

4.00 / 12

0 to 200 sf: 20.0 psf

200 to 600 sf: 24 - 0.02Area, but not less than 12 psf
over 600 sf: 12.0 psf

User Input:

300 sf
400 sf
500 sf
450 sf

18.0 psf
16.0 psf
14.0 psf
15.0 psf

18.4 deg

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CODE SUMMARY
Code:

ASCE 7 - 10

Live Loads:
Roof

0 to 200 sf: 20 psf

200 to 600 sf: 24 - 0.02Area, but not less than 12 ps
over 600 sf: 12 psf

Typical Floor
Partitions
Lobbies & first floor corridors

50 psf
15 psf
100 psf

Dead Loads:
Floor
Roof

100.0 psf
20.0 psf

Wind Design Data:

Ultimate Design Wind Speed
Nominal Design Wind Speed
Risk Category
Mean Roof Ht (h)
Exposure Category
Enclosure Classif.
Internal pressure Coef
Directionality (Kd)

115 mph
89.08 mph
II
36.7 ft
C
Enclosed Building
+/-0.18
0.85

Roof Snow Loads:

Design Uniform Roof Snow load
Flat Roof Snow Load
Balanced Snow Load
Ground Snow Load
Importance Factor
Snow Exposure Facto
Thermal Factor
Sloped-roof Factor

Pf
Ps
Pg
I
Ce
Ct
Cs

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

0.0 psf
0.0 psf
0.0 psf
0.0 psf
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.79

Earthquake Design Data:

Risk Category
Importance Factor
Mapped spectral response acceleration
Site Class
Spectral Response Coef
Seismic Design Category
Basic Structural System
Seismic Resisting System
Design Base Shear
Seismic Response Coef
Response Modification Factor
Analysis Procedure

=
II
I =
1.00
Ss =
160.00 %g
S1 =
52.00 %g
=
D
Sds =
1.067
Sd1 =
0.520
=
D
= Building Frame Systems
= Steel ordinary concentrically braced frame
V =
0.047W
Cs =
0.047
R =
3.25
= Equivalent Lateral-Force Analysis

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CODE SUMMARY- continued

Component and cladding ultimate wind pressures

Roof
Area
Negative Zone 1
Negative Zone 2
Negative Zone 3
Positive All Zones

Surface Pressure (psf)

10 sf
50 sf
100 sf
-31.9
-29.8
-28.9
-55.4
-45.1
-40.7
-82.0
-69.6
-64.3
20.1
16.0
16.0

Overhang Zone 2
-64.9
-64.9
-64.9
Overhang Zone 3
-109.1
-84.4
-73.7
Overhang soffit pressure equals adjacent wall pressure reduced by internal pressure of 5.3 psf

Parapet
Area
CASE A: Interior zone
Corner zone
CASE B: Interior zone
Corner zone

Wall
Area
Negative Zone 4
Negative Zone 5
Positive Zone 4 & 5

Solid Parapet Pressure (psf)

10 sf
100 sf
500 sf
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

Surface Pressure (psf)

10 sf
100 sf
500 sf
-37.8
-32.5
-28.9
-46.6
-36.2
-28.9
34.8
29.6
26.0