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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF WASTE PAPER'
RECYCLING
PLANT
..
BY
";'OCHOR SPENCER CHIDI
: ': (~EG.NO. 9615254EH)
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
. FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
MINNA.
. J
.
..
...,......,... .. ,
).
".
" A FINAL YEAR RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL.
FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS, FOR THE AWARD OF
. BACHELOR DEGREE IN ENGINEERING (B. ENG)
FEBRUARY 2002
DECLARATION
declare that this project
work was conducted by me; under the able
andsupervision of Engr. M.A. Olutoye. Department of chemical
Minna
Niger state. During the
academic session.
----------------------~------
Signature
CERtiFICATION
is to certify, that this work; Design and construction
plant
of waste paper
was carried out by Master Ochor Spencer of chemical
Engineering Technology,
.university of technology
Minna. In partial fulfillment of the award
Degreein chemical Engineering.
APPROVED BY:
------------~-----------,
G'R M.A.OLUTOYE
, ,r,
DATE
',-:-. ".~ '.-",.. ".'~~'"
ROJECT ~SUPERVISOR)
-----------------------J.O.
ODIGURE
DATE
EAD OF DEPARTMENT)
-------------------~---------
ERNAL EXAMINAL
DATE
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"
, DEDICATION
to dedicate this work, to an those who have in one way or the other
buted it's the realization. They include my mum and Dad:" MR and MRS
, ..., - , . , - ,-,/ . --<
,
\
. to express here, my profound gratitude to my parents MR and MRS N ..
R, for theic support, without which this goal would not have been realized .
. to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Engr M.AOlutoye for his'
.
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II
idance and support, as well as his invaluable and priceless advice aU through
,
" in write-up as well.
igri and construction aspect of the project, and
God be the glory.
.,,
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PAGE
Title page
ii'
III
Certification
iv
v'
VI
X"
Introduction
General introduction
Aims and objectives
Scope and limitations
Literature Review
Historical Background
Pulp and paper
Furnish for pulp and paper
7,
Wood pulping
Chemical pulping of wood
8,
Rang e of chemical pulping processes
Principles of chemical pulping
Mechanical pulping of wood
f
Range of mechanical pulping
9
10
10
2.7.0
Bleaching of wood
2.8.0
Paper making
2.9.0
Fiber pr tion
2.10.0 The er machine
1,1
12
13
, 13
2.10.1 CyHnder machine
1.3
2.10.2 The Fourdrinier machine
14
The Twin-wire machine
Uses of additives in paper making
..
15
15
Uses of paper
RecyC\ing in pulp and paper
RecyC\ing of waste/used paper
Processes involved in used paper recyC\ing
16
1.6
17'
17
Hydropulping
Cleaning and Screening
'17
17
Deinking
18'
Bleaching
Dewatering/Thickening
Uni~s in a paper recyC\ing plant
18
19'
19
Disc refiner
20
Hydropulper
Headbox
20
21
Press section
21
Drying section
22
Effect of recycling on pulp quality
23
Economic and environmental importance 9f recyC\ing
,
THREE
25'
Methodology
Sorting of waste paper
25
25 '
Shredding of waste paper
26
Pulping and starching
, 27
Slurry regulation
Pulp sieving and pressing
28
30
Heating and drying'
Result and discussion of result
33
33
.
.1.0 Result
34
.2.0 Discussion of result
Process Design
General plant description
Process description
Material balance across plant
Material balance about refiner
Material balance about hydropulper
Material balance about headbox
Material balance about felt blanket conveyor
Material balance about drier
5.4.0 Energy balance across plant
36
36
36
36
37
39
40
41
42
43
5.4.1' Energy requirement of plant
43
45
5.4.2
Energy balance across drier
5.5.0
Efficiency of drier
46
5.5.1
Defination of parameters
48
5.6.0
Energy balance across Roller
49
5.7.0
Description and design consideration of individual units
,52
5.7.1
Refiner description
52
5.7.2
Volume of hopper
5.8.0
Description of hydropulper
, 5.8.1
Volume of hydropulper
5.8.2
Design of hydropulper blade
5.9.0 Headbox description
5.9.1 Volume of head box
52
54 '
54
.56
57 '
57 '
5.10.0 Felt blanket conveyor description
?7
5.10.1 Design consideration of felt blanket conveyor
58
CHAPTER SIX
5.0
Cost analysis
60
CHAPTER SEVEN
6.0
Conclusions and Recommendation
64
7.1
Conclusion
65
7.2
Recommendation
66
Appendix
67
Design parameters
References
67,
'68
able 4.1: Result of experimental analysis.
able 5.1 Total materials balance overall the equipment.
able 6.1 :Material specifications and costing of Hydropulper.
able 6.2: Material specification and costing of Refiner.
able 6.3: Material specification and costing of Headbox.
able 6.4:Material specifications and costing of driers and rollers.
LIST OF FIGURES.
FlPURE 3.1: Flow diagram for production analysis.
F~GURE 5.1 :Simple flow sheet for production of tissue PFlper.
FIGURE 5.2:Technological scheme of tissue paper production.
F,IGURE 5.4: Dimension of felt blanket.
ABSTRACT
The research work-Design and construction of a small scale waste paper recycling
". has been carried out. The machine is made up of six component parts,
. machine,
,
which include, the disc refiner, the hydropulper, the headbox, feltblanket conveyor,
drier and rollers
Each unit was constructed according to design parameters. From the results of
i
experimental analysis carried out on the stddy for every 0.1 kg of waste paper raw
I
material fed i'nto the refiner (as fed)1 we require about 7000ml (7Iiters)of water to
itl and about 0.02 kg of starch adhesive.
was also observed that at the end of the operation, the final paper product
.a SOft, thin, smooth and flexible texture that marks it out as being
referable for use as toilet paper.
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