Introduction

THERMAL-FLUID SCIENCES AND ROCKET PROPULSION

Instructor

Luca dAgostino:
Office: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Via Gerolamo Caruso, 56126 Pisa
tel. 050 2217211
Laboratory: Alta S.p.A., 5 Via A. Gherardesca, 56121, Ospedaletto (Pisa)
tel. 050 967211
Home: Viale Giovanni Pisano 34, 56123 Pisa
tel. 050 554388, usually at lunch and dinner time

Student Reception

Flexible:
possibly at the end of classes
otherwise by appointment, usually in the mornings at DIA

Exams

Oral examinations:
sessions: one per month during allowed periods, usually the last Mondays of each month
dates: established by common agreement with students, usually on Monday mornings

Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa, 2010/11.

Introduction
ROCKET PROPULSION
A Multidisciplinary Field

Approach

Analysis:
for detailed understanding of different aspects and their interactions

Synthesis:
for relative assessment and integration of all aspects

Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa, 2010/11.

Introduction

EDUCATION APPROACH
Specialization or Eclepticism?
Exhaustive education (Gentile, 1924):
no longer feasible today

Superficial education:

specialistic
depth

ecleptic

not enough of everything

Specialistic education:
emphasizes details and techniques
limited professional cross-section
rapid obsolescence
discourages flexibility and broad-mindedness

continuously
expanding

superficial
engineering

Ecleptic education:
emphasizes fundamentals and multi-disciplinary approaches
wider professional cross-section
long-term orientation capability
encourages flexibility and broad-mindedness

Intuition is perspiration:
insight is obtained through experience

Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa, 2010/11.

disciplines

Introduction
EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE
Problem Solving

Real-life problems are often complex and with insufficient, excessive or fuzzy information

Steps for successful solutions:

identification of objectives and available resources:
performance, cost, delivery time, people, time, money, experience, state-of-the-art
physical understanding:
conceptual paradigms + experience ! intuition
discrimination of essential/irrelevant information:
order-of-magnitude of involved phenomena (by simplified analyses)
introduction of acceptable simplifications
Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler (Albert Einstein)
derivation of the solution:
theoretical (reduced order models), empirical (experiment), numerical (simulation)
critical assessment of the solution:
validation, confidence, accuracy, limitations, applicability

There is nothing more practical than a good theory (Kurt Lewin).

To err is human; to make real mess, you need a computer (Unknown)

Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa, 2010/11.

Introduction
STUDY TIPS
Teaching and Learning

The power of instruction is seldom of much efficacy, except in those happy dispositions
where it is almost superfluous (Gibbon)

Teaching objectives:
promoting independent interpretation of information, not providing pre-cooked solutions
A bunch of data is not science more than a bunch of stones is a house (J.H. Poincar)

Learning objectives:
elaboration of information to generate solutions of new problems
a personal experience (nobody can learn in your place):
homeworks are far more effective than in-class excercises

Studying Theory v/s Homework Making

Application is the ultimate test of engineering disciplines

Time-sharing:
studying theory:
homework making:

just enough to understand and apply, not to memorize

until feeling confident with the theory and its application

I listen and forget. I see and remember. I make and understand. (ancient Chinese proverb)

Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa, 2010/11.

Introduction
MATERIAL, GRADING & TIME SHARING
Course Types

Guess which type are my courses?

Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa, 2010/11.

Introduction
ON YOUR WORK
Motivate Yourself

Ability will never catch up with the demand for it (Malcolm Forbes)

In the long run fortune leans on the side of those that most deserve it (von Moltke Sr.)

Direct Your Efforts

Successful people in this world are those that go looking for the conditions they desire and,
if they do not find them, create them (G.B. Shaw)

If everything seems under control, you're just not going fast enough (Mario Andretti)

Build Your Self-Confidence

Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new (Albert Einstein)

Rem tene, verba sequentur(Grasp the subject, words will follow, Cato the Elder)

Working with Other People

Speak softly and carry a big stick (Theodore Roosevelt)

Never attribute to malice what can be adequately explained by stupidity

Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa, 2010/11.

Introduction
A COURSE OF OPPORTUNITIES
Teachers and Students

I teach for the students who are really interested in learning. Those students dont cheat,
(Jim Knowles, 1988, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA)

Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa, 2010/11.

Introduction
USEFUL BACKGROUND MATERIAL
Fundamentals of:

Thermal-Fluid Sciences:
applied thermodynamics, heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation)
fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, gas dynamics

Physics and Mechanics:

mechanics, acoustics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, optics
analytical mechanics (kinematics, statics, dynamics)
structure mechanics and dynamics

Applied Mathematics:
calculus, series, ODEs, PDEs, geometry, vector and tensor analysis
complex calculus, ODEs, special functions, EVPs and BVPs
numerical analysis, multiple nonlinear equations, integration, ODEs, PDEs
computer programming, BASIC, FORTRAN, C, MathLab, MathCad, etc.

Manufacturing Technologies

Aircraft Propulsion:
cycles, engines, turbomachines, operation parameters, requirements, applications

Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa, 2010/11.

Introduction
REFERENCE TEXTS
Rocket Propulsion

Hill P., Peterson C., 1992, Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion, Addison
Wesley Publ. Co., 2nd edition (excellent introductory text, even balance of fundamentals and
technology).

Sutton G. P., 1992 , Rocket Propulsion Elements, John Wiley & Sons (elementary, more
specialized, more details, more dispersive).

Oates G. C., 1988, Aerothermodynamics of Gas Turbine and Rocket Propulsion, AIAA
Education Series (less complete, more monographic, lots of nice excercises).

Humble R.W., Henry G.N. and Larson W.J., 1995, Space Propulsion Analysis and Design,
McGraw Hill College Custom Series (good elementary text, less fundamentals, more
specialized, more emphasis on design trends and trade-offs, several case-studies).

Huzel D. K. and Huang D. H., 1992, Modern Engineering for Design of Liquid-Propellant
Rocket Engines, AIAA (elementary text focused on technology aspects, lots of design
details and empirical information).

Jensen G. E. & Netzer T. W., editors, 1996, Tactical Missile Propulsion, AIAA, Progress
in Aeronautics and Astronautics, Vol. 170 (advanced text on rocket missile propulsion).

Isakowitz S.J., 1995, International Reference Guide to Space Launch Systems, AIAA.

Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa, 2010/11.

Introduction
REFERENCE TEXTS
Rocket Propulsion (continued)

Simmons, F.S., 2000, Rocket Exhaust Plume Phenomenology, AIAA.

De Luca L., Price E.W and Summerfield M. editors, 1992, Nonsteady Burning and
Combustion Stability of Solid Propellants, AIAA, Progress in Aeronautics and
Astronautics, Vol. 143.

Yang V. Brill T.B., Wu-Zhen Ren editors, 2000, Solid Propellant Chemistry, Combustion
and Motor Interior Ballistics, AIAA, Progress in Aeronautics and Astronautics, Vol. 185.

Chiaverini M.J. and Kuo K. editors, 2007, Fundamentals of Hybrid Rocket Combustion and
Propulsion, AIAA, Progress in Aeronautics and Astronautics, Vol. 218.

Kuo K. K. and Summerfield M., editors, 1984, Fundamentals of Solid-Propellant

Combustion, AIAA, Vol. 90 (advanced monographic text on solid propellant rocket
combustion).

Yang V. & Anderson W., editors, 1995, Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability,
AIAA, Vol. 169.

Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa, 2010/11.

Introduction
REFERENCE TEXTS
Airbreathing Propulsion

Hill P., Peterson C., 1992, Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion, Addison
Wesley Publ. Co., 2nd edition (excellent introductory text, even balance of fundamentals and
technology).

Kerrebrock, 1992, Aircraft Engines and Gas Turbines, Cambridge University Press, 2nd
edition (fundamentals of gas turbine engines and hypersonic air breathing engines, focuses
on general concepts and ideas, not details; great for thinking).

Oates G.C., 1984, Aerothermodynamics of Aircraft Engine Components, AIAA Education

Series (monographic on gas turbine engines, lots of nice excercises).

Oates G.C., 1989, Aircraft Propulsion Systems Technology and Design, AIAA Education
Series (monographic on gas turbine engine/inlet/airframe system performance, integration
and technology, lots of nice excercises).

Murthy S.N.B. and Murray E.T., ed., 1996, Developments in High-Speed Propulsion
Systems, Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, Vol. 165, AIAA.

Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa, 2010/11.

Introduction
REFERENCE TEXTS
Fluid Mechanics

Currie I. G., 1993, Fundamental Mechanics of Fluids, McGraw-Hill, excellent

introductory book on laminar fluid dynamics.

Saberski R.H., Acosta A.J., Hauptmann E.G., 1989, Fluid Flow, Macmillan Publishing
Co., excellent first course in fluid mechanics, good introduction to turbomachinery flow.

White F.E., 1974, Viscous Fluid Flow, McGraw Hill, excellent book on viscous fluid
dynamics, very pleasant to read.

Anderson J. D. Jr., 1991, Fundamentals of Aerodynamics, McGraw-Hill, introductory text

on aerodynamics, very pleasant to read.

Anderson J. D. Jr., 1990, Modern Compressible Flow with Historical Perspective,

McGraw-Hill, introductory text on compressible flows, very pleasant to read.

Sherman F.S., 1990, Viscous Flow, McGraw-Hill, excellent book on viscous fluid
dynamics, advanced treatment, not very easy.

Betchov R.& Criminale W.O. Jr., 1967, Stability of Parallel Flows, Academic Press,
introductory text on fluid dynamic stability.

Drazin P.G. & Reid W.H., 1981, Hydrodynamic Stability, Cambridge University Press,
more advanced text on fluid dynamic stability.

Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa, 2010/11.

Introduction
REFERENCE TEXTS
Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer

Eastop & McConkey, 1993, Applied Thermodynamics, Longman Scientific &Technical,

5th Edition, good book for fundamentals of thermal and heat sciences.

Eckert & Drake, 1972, Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer, MacGraw Hill Inc., excellent
book on heat transfer, not too up to date, slightly unusual notations.

Callen H.B., 1985, Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatitstics, John Wiley

& Sons, advanced text on axiomatic classical thermodynamics and statistical mechanics,
very elightening.

Aerothermodynamics and Plasmas

Anderson J. D. Jr., 1989, Hypersonic and High Temperature Gas Dynamics, MacGraw
Hill, introductory text on aerothermodynamics, very pleasant to read.

Vincenti W.G. & Kruger C.H., 1986, Physical Gas Dynamics, Krieger Publ. Co., Malabar,
FL, USA.

Mitchner M. & Kruger C.H., 1973, Partially Ionized Gases, John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa, 2010/11.

Introduction
REFERENCE TEXTS
Acoustics

Moore P.M. & Ingard K.U., 1968, Theoretical Acoustics, Princeton Univ. Press,
Princeton, NJ, USA; classical reference in acoustics, quite good, extensive and plainly
explained.

Combustion

Kuo K. K., 1986, Principles of Combustion, John Wiley & Sons Inc., fundamental text on
combustion, rather complete, a bit dispersive.

Turns, S.R., 1996, An Introduction to Combustion, McGraw Hill, good and readable but
more elementary book.

Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa, 2010/11.

Introduction
REFERENCE TEXTS
Turbomachinery

Brennen C. E., 1995, Hydrodynamics of Pumps, Concepts ETI, Inc., P.O. Box 643,
Norwich, Vt, USA 05055, excellent book on research aspects of turbopumps.

Aungier, R. H., 2000, Centrifugal Compressors, ASME Press, New York, NY, USA.

Lakshminarayana B., 1996, Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer of Turbomachines, John
Wiley & Sons Inc., excellent advanced book on turbomachines.

Two-Phase Flows

Brennen C. E., 1995, Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics, Oxford University Press, excellent
book on research aspects of bubbly cavitating flows.

Wallis G.B., 1969, One-Dimensional Two-Phase Flow, MacGraw Hill, standard refeence
for two-phase flows.

Carey, van P., 1992, Liquid-Vapor Phase-Change Phenomena, Taylor and Francis.

Rotordynamics

Ehrich F.F., 1999, Handbook of Rotordynamics, Krieger Publ. Co., Malabar, FL, USA.

Childs, D., 1993, Turbomachinery Rotordynamics, John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa, 2010/11.

Introduction
REFERENCE TEXTS
Background Material on Calculus and Analysis

Apostol, 1967, Calculus, Blaisdell.

Courant and John, 1965, Introduction to Calculus and Analysis, Interscience.

Knopp, 1956, Infinite Sequences and Series, Dover.

Introductory Treatises on Complex Variables

Churchill, Brown & Verhey, 1974, Complex Variables and Applications, McGraw Hill.

Dettman, 1965, Applied Complex Variables, Macmillan.

Levinson and Redheffer, 1970, Complex Variables, Holden-Day.

Advanced Treatises on Complex Variables

Ahlfors, 1966, Complex Analysis, McGraw Hill.

Caratheordory, 1954, Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable, Chelsea.

Copson, 1957, Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable, Oxford.

Markushevich, 1965, 1967, Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable, Prentice-Hall.

Titchmarsh, 1939, Theory of Functions, Oxford.

Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa, 2010/11.

Introduction
REFERENCE TEXTS
Applied Mathematics

Courant R. and Hilbert D., 1953, Methods of Mathematical Physics, Interscience

Publishers, Vol. I and II, classical and excellent text of advanced mathematics.

Hildebrand F.B., 1976, Advanced Calculus for Applications, Prentice-Hall Inc., classical
and excellent text on real ODEs, Laplace transforms, numerical methods, special functions,
BVPs, vector analysis, PDEs, and complex analysis.

Numerical Methods

Press W., Teulkowsky S., Vetterling W. & Flannery B., 1992, Numerical Recipes in
FORTRAN, 2nd Ed., Cambridge University Press; simply excellent book, very intuitive.

Luca dAgostino, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Universit di Pisa, 2010/11.