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More Calculus Examples: David A. Wheeler

This document provides examples of differentials, indefinite integrals (anti-derivatives), and definite integrals involving polynomials. It explains that differentials are found by replacing terms with differentiated forms. Indefinite integrals are found by taking the opposite steps of differentiation. Definite integrals are calculated by taking the antiderivative and evaluating it between the bounds of integration. Examples are provided for finding differentials, indefinite integrals, and evaluating definite integrals of polynomials.

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51 views2 pages

More Calculus Examples: David A. Wheeler

This document provides examples of differentials, indefinite integrals (anti-derivatives), and definite integrals involving polynomials. It explains that differentials are found by replacing terms with differentiated forms. Indefinite integrals are found by taking the opposite steps of differentiation. Definite integrals are calculated by taking the antiderivative and evaluating it between the bounds of integration. Examples are provided for finding differentials, indefinite integrals, and evaluating definite integrals of polynomials.

Uploaded by

Delta-007
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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More Calculus Examples

David A. Wheeler

Differentials
The “differential” is a new function that tells you the slope, at every point, of some original function.
You can differentiate simple polynomials with terms cxn by replacing each term with cnxn-1 (multiply,
then decrement the exponent). This only works as-is when “x” is a simple variable.
Given f(x)=3x2 + 4x – 1, what is its differential f ´(x) ? Answer: 6x + 4.
d
Find (3 x 7 +4 x 6 +22 x 3+7) . Answer: 21x6 + 24x5 + 66x2.
dx
d 6 4 2
Find (−3 x + 0.5 x + 8 x +7) . Answer: -18x5 + 2x3 + 16x.
dx
d
Find (3 x 12−7 x 4−2 x−7) . Answer: 36x11 – 28 x3 – 2.
dx
Find the slope at x=4 for function f(x) = 7x4 – 3x2 – 2.
Answer: The differential f ´(x) = 28x3 – 6x; we want slope at x=4, f ´(4)= 28(4)3 – 6(4) = 1768.

Indefinite Integrals (Anti-derivatives)


The indefinite integral (anti-derivative) is just the reverse of the differential.
Find the indefinite integral for a simple polynomial by replacing every term – just increment the
c n+1
exponent first, then divide the coefficient by the new exponent each term cxn with x (exactly
n+1
the opposite steps and order from differentiation). This rule only works when “x” is a simple variable.
Remember to always add “+ C” at the end of any indefinite integral!! (Why? Since differentiation
drops constants, without more information we can’t restore the constant when we reverse it.)
Find ∫ ( 16 x 7+ 15 x 2−4 ) dx . Answer: 2x8 + 5x3 – 4x + C.

Find ∫ ( 12 x 5 +20 x 4−7 ) dx . Answer: 2x6 + 4x5 – 7x + C.

Find ∫ 72 x7 −21 x 6−54x5 dx . Answer: 9x8 – 3x7 – 9x6 + C.

Find ∫ 110 x 9+ 12 x 2−18 x +8 dx . Answer: 11x10 + 4x3 – 9x2 + 8x + C.


Definite Integrals
When you want to find a definite integral (that is, the area from x=a to x=b) for some function f(x), you
first find the indefinite integral (call it F(x)) and calculate F(b) – F(a). You can ignore the “C” in this
case; since C-C is always 0, the unknown constant C will always cancel out. In short:
b
∫a f  x dx=F b−F a

5
Find ∫3 ( 4x ) dx .

Answer: Indefinite integral F(x) = 2x2 + C, so


F(5) – F(3) = (2(5)2 + C) – (2(3)2 + C) = 50 – 18 = 32

7
Find ∫5 ( 8x 3) dx .

Answer: Indefinite integral F(x) = 2x4 + C, so


F(7) – F(5) = (2(7)4 + C) – (2(5)4 + C) = 4802 – 1250 = 3552

6
Find ∫3 16 x 7 +15 x 2−4 dx .

Answer: Indefinite integral F(x) = 2x8 + 5x3 – 4x + C, so


F(6) – F(3) = (2(6)8 + 5(6)3 – 4(6) + C) – (2(3)8 + 5(3)3 – 4(3) + C) = 3360288 – 13245 = 3347043

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