Podar International School

Affiliated to Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) and International baccalaureate Organization (IBO).

Affiliation No: IBO – 002228 & CIE – IN420

Area and circumference of a circle

Whole circle

Circumference=

Area =  r 2

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Semi circle

2r
Circumference= or 2
 2r   r  2r

Area=

Quarter circle

2r
Circumference= or 4  2r

Area=

2
3 quarters

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Circumference= or 4  2  r  2r

Area=
Sector

deg ree deg ree

Circumference= 360  2  r  2 r or 360   d  d

Area= [degree]/360×

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Combined shape

Circumference=
Area= area of semicircle + area of rectangle

+ L×B

VOLUME OF PRISMS

The volume of a solid is the amount of space inside the

solid.
Volume = Cross Sectional Area(CSA) x Length.
volume
CSA = length r

volume
Length = CSA

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Cylinder :
r
V=r h 2

r = radius h = height. h

v
r= h

v
h=  r 2
16cm

Triangular Prism
1
V = 2 b hl h

b= base h = height of the triangle l

b
l = length of the prism

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Cuboid
h
v = lwh
l=length w=width h= height
w
l
v
l= wh

v
w= lh

v
h= lw

Cube
s
V = s3
S = side s S

Side = 3 volume [cube root of volume]

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Trapezoid Prism
V = ½ x(a + b) x h x length of the prism
a and b = parallel sides b

h= height of the trapezium h

l
l = length of the prism a

Parallelepiped
V = b x h x length of the prism

Sphere
4
V = 3 r
3

r= radius

3v
r 3
4

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Hemisphere
2
V= 3  r 3

3v
r 3
2

Composite Shapes
Cross sectional area = A1 + A2
A1
A1 = Area of semicircle
A2
A2 = Area of rectangle
l
l = length of the prism
Volume = A1 + A2 X Length

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SURFACE AREA OF PRISMS

Surface area of a sphere –

4r2

Surface area of a Hemisphere –

3r2

Surface area of a cube –

6 × s2

Surface area of cuboids –

2 (lw + lh + wh)

Surface area of a cylinder –

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 Surface area of a
h triangular prism –

l bh + ls + ls + bl

b
b = Base of the triangle

h = Height of the triangle

l = Length of the prism

s = side length of the triangle

b
h Surface area of a
l trapezium –
a
h(a + b)+ ls + ls + ls+ls

a and b = parallel sides

h= height of the trapezium
l = length of the prism
s = side length of the trapezium

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POLYGONS:
 To find sum of interior angles of polygons use the formula

(n-2) 180 where n = number of sides.

 Exterior angles of a polygon add up to 360 degrees.

 Interior angle + Exterior angle = 180

Mid point of a line segment

( x1  x 2) ( y1  y 2)

2 2

Slope intercept form is y = mx +c

y 2  y1 Rise
Gradient (m) = or
x 2  x1 Run

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 Transformations

Revision Notes
There are four types of transformation :-

1. Reflection

To describe a reflection you must state the following things :

 Reflection
 Mirror line (as an equation)
e.g ‘reflection, in the line x = 3’ would earn 2 marks if it was a correct description

2. Rotation

To describe a rotation you must state the following things :

 Rotation
 Angle and direction (e.g. 90° clockwise)
 Centre of rotation (as a coordinate)
e.g. ‘rotation, 90° anti-clockwise about (0, 0)’ would earn 3 marks if it was a correct description

3. Translation

To describe a translation you must state the following things :

 Translation
 Distance and direction (using words or vectors)

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 e.g. ‘translation, 3 left, 2 up’ or ‘translation ’ would earn 2 marks if it was a correct
description

4. Enlargement

To describe an enlargement you must state the following things :

 Enlargement
 Scale factor (e.g. ‘scale factor 2’ NOT ‘multiply by 2’ or ‘it doubles’)
 Centre of enlargement (as a coordinate)
e.g ‘enlargement, scale factor 2, centre (1, 2)’ would earn 3 marks if it was a correct description

Examples

1.

Reflection in the line x = 1

2.

From R to S, rotation 90° clockwise

about (-3, 2)

3.

From A to B, translation 7 right, 3 down OR

translation

4.

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 From A to B, enlargement, scale factor 3,
centre (2, 1)

Key Points

 You must only describe ONE transformation, e.g. ‘enlargement scale factor 2 and then
translated 4 right, 1 up’ would earn ZERO marks!! ‘enlargement scale factor 2’ would
earn 2/3 marks
 Use tracing paper to help with describing rotations
 Learn basic equations of lines e.g x = 2, y = -1, y = x for describing reflections
 Draw in the ray lines (example 4) to help find the centre of enlargement
 You do not have to use vectors to describe translations, use words if you are not
confident with vectors
 You need to be able to understand vectors for drawing translations

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 Topic: properties of 2D and 3D shapes

2D shapes

Name Image Properties

Triangles

Equilateral  3 equal sides

 3 equal angles
triangle
 3 lines of symmetry

 3 sides
Isosceles
 2 sides of equal length
triangle
 2 angles are the same
 1 line of symmetry

 3 sides
Scalene  No sides of equal length
 3 angles
triangle
 No angles the same
 No lines of symmetry

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Name Image Properties

Quadrilaterals

 4 equal sides
Parallelogram
 Opposite sides are
parallel
 All angles are not equal
to 90 degrees.

Square  4 sides of equal length

 4 right angles
 Opposite sides are parallel
 4 lines of symmetry

 4 sides
Rectangle  Opposite sides are equal and
parallel
 4 right angles
 2 lines of symmetry

 4 equal sides
Rhombus  Opposite sides are
parallel
 All angles may or may
not be equal to 90
degrees.

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  1 set of parallel sides
Trapezium

 Adjacent sides are equal

in length
Kite  1 line of symmetry

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 3D shapes
Properties of 3D shapes

Solid Name of solid Number of faces Number of Number of

vertices
edges

cube

6 faces- 6 square
8 12
faces

cuboid 6 faces- 2 square

faces and 4
rectangular faces
8 12
OR

6 rectangular faces

Square based
pyramid
5 faces- 1 square
face and 4 5 8
triangular faces

Tetrahedron
(Triangular
based pyramid)
4 faces- 4 triangular
4 6
faces

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 Pentagonal
prism

7 faces- 2
pentagonal faces
10 15
and 5
parallelograms

Hexagonal prism
8 faces- 2
hexagonal faces
12 18
and 6
parallelograms

Cylinder

3 faces (2 flat
circular faces and 1 0 1
curved face)

cone

2 faces (1 flat face

and one curved 1 1
face)

Sphere

1curved face 0 0

Euler’s rule

Number of edges = (number of faces + number of vertices) -2

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