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Class Website
CE 211 – SURVEYING ENGINEERING Class Webpage
FALL 2011 – CLASS 01: INTRODUCTION http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/ce211
Blackborad Site:
Ahmed Abdel-Rahim, Ph.D, P.E. https://www.blackboard.uidaho.edu/
Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Check Your Grade and other useful tools
CE 211 – Surveying Engineering
What do we expect to learn in CE211? What do we expect to learn in CE211?
• Understand the fundamentals of the theory of • Perform computations for horizontal and vertical route
measurements and apply basic equations for survey alignment curves, and set up the appropriate field notes for
computations for different topographic and land surveying construction layout.
applications • Compute earthwork cut and fill volumes from route survey
data, and draw a mass diagram to depict the results for the
• Perform profile and topographic leveling surveys and plot route.
the elevation data as ground profiles and/or contour lines.
• Be familiar with the principles of subdivision design and
• Perform direction computations involving horizontal angles, land use ordinances, as they relate to property surveying
azimuths, bearings. and site planning.
• Perform a loop traverse survey; also do basic traverse • Apply of surveying methods to construction; site
computations, including closure, adjustment, station co- engineering, and civil engineering projects
ordinates, and enclosed area. • Apply selected computer software routines for surveying
applications.
CE 211 – Surveying Engineering CE 211 – Surveying Engineering
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CE 211 Expectations
• Three mid-term exams [ Exam-1 (20%), Exam-
2 (25%), and Exam-3 (25%)]
• Homework assignments (10%)
• Labs and Lab reports (20%)
– A failing grade (less than 70%) in 3 or more lab
assignments = no grade for lab assignments, that
is 0 in 20% of the grade.
CE 211 – Surveying Engineering
Classroom and Lab rules THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SURVEYING
• University of Idaho Classroom Learning Civility Clause • Simply stated, surveying involves the measurement
– In any environment in which people gather to learn, it is of distances and angles.
essential that all members feel as free and safe as possible in – The distances may be horizontal or vertical in direction.
their participation. To this end, it is expected that everyone in
this course will be treated with mutual respect and civility, – Similarly, the angles may be measured in a horizontal or
with an understanding that all of us (students, instructors, vertical plane.
professors, guests, and teaching assistants) will be respectful • Usually distances are measured on a slope, but they
and civil to one another in discussion, in action, in teaching,
and in learning. must eventually be converted to a corresponding
• No laptops, texting, or headphones horizontal distance.
• Electronic note taking (ipads, etc.) are allowed, No internet browsing – Vertical distances are also called elevations.
or e-mail checking
• No side discussions – Horizontal angles are used to express the directions of
land boundaries and other lines.
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THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SURVEYING THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SURVEYING
• There are two fundamental purposes for • Basis of Surveying
measuring distances and angles. – Surveying is based on the use of precise
– The first is to determine the relative positions of measuring instruments in the field and on
existing points or objects on or near the surface systematic computational procedures in the
of the earth. office.
– The second is to lay out or mark the desired – The computations (primarily of position,
positions of new points or objects that are to be direction, area, and volume) involve applications
placed or constructed on or near the earth’s of geometry, trigonometry, and basic algebra.
surface.
THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SURVEYING THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SURVEYING
FIGURE 1-1. Traditional surveying instruments: (a) Theodolite FIGURE 1-1 (CON’T). Traditional surveying instruments: (c) a level
(Courtesy of CST/Berger, Illinois), (b) level rod, and (d) a steel tape.
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THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SURVEYING THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SURVEYING
• Importance of Surveying
– Surveying plays an essential role in the planning,
design, layout, and construction of our physical
environment and infrastructure.
– The term infrastructure is commonly used to
represent all the constructed facilities and
systems that allow human communities to
function and thrive productively.
FIGURE 1-2. (a) An electronic total-station surveying instrument that can be
used to measure and record distances and angles and compute coordinates.
(Courtesy of Leica Geosystems, Inc.) (b) In a field-to-finish system, data may
be stored electronically. The data can be “dumped” into the office desktop
computer for computations and plotting or printing.
THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SURVEYING THE SURVEYING METHOD
• Defining Horizontal and Vertical Directions
– The vertical direction is taken to be the direction
of gravity.
FIGURE 1-3. Practically every line
recorded on this photograph was
– By definition, the horizontal direction is the
laid out with a transit, a steel direction perpendicular (at an angle of 90°) to
tape, and a level—the primary
equipment of the surveyor. the vertical direction of gravity.
(Courtesy of New Jersey
Department of Environmental
Protection)
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THE SURVEYING METHOD THE SURVEYING METHOD
FIGURE 1-4. The vertical direction is defined as the FIGURE 1-5. A true horizontal distance is actually
direction of the force of gravity. curved, like the surface of the earth.
THE SURVEYING METHOD THE SURVEYING METHOD
• Measuring Distances
and Angles: An
Overview
FIGURE 1-6. Measuring a difference in
height between a rail and a platform. FIGURE 1-7. The relative vertical positions of two or more points
The difference here is 5.82 - 1.71 = 4.11 are determined by leveling.
ft.
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THE SURVEYING METHOD THE SURVEYING METHOD
FIGURE 1-9. Transit essentials.
FIGURE 1-8. Measurement of Schematic diagram of an
horizontal and vertical angles. alidade, which is the upper part
of a transit.
THE SURVEYING METHOD THE SURVEYING METHOD
• Plane and Geodetic Surveying
FIGURE 1-11. On a curved
surface, the sum of the
angles in a triangle is more
than 180°.
FIGURE 1-10. In plane surveying, the curvature of the
earth is neglected and vertical distances are measured
with reference to a flat plane.
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SURVEYING APPLICATIONS SURVEYING APPLICATIONS
• Property Survey
• Topographic Survey
• Construction Survey
• Control Survey
• Route Survey
• Other Types of Surveys
FIGURE 1-12. Typical location dimensions found on engineering
or architectural plans, for use during a stakeout survey.
SURVEYING APPLICATIONS SURVEYING APPLICATIONS
FIGURE 1-13. A horizontal control survey network FIGURE 1-14. A typical plan and profile of a section of roadway,
showing traverse and triangulation stations (points) and prepared from route survey data. (Courtesy of Casey & Keller,
courses (lines). Inc.)
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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
• Surveying probably has its origins in ancient Egypt, • The magnetic compass was first used as a
as far back as 5000 years ago.
surveying instrument in the thirteenth
• It is likely that the subject of geometry (which
means “earth measurements”) developed primarily century to establish the directions of
because of the need to conduct surveys of the land. boundary lines.
• Perhaps the earliest device used to establish a level • Since the twentieth century, surveying has
line was a triangular A-frame with a plumb line and emerged as a dynamic and modern technical
weight suspended from the apex, called the libella
discipline.
THE PROFESSION OF SURVEYING THE PROFESSION OF SURVEYING
• Surveying has long been associated with the • The Licensed Professional Land Surveyor
profession of civil engineering.
• The planning, design, and construction of buildings
and public-works facilities depend so heavily upon
surveying activities that civil engineers and
technicians, architects, and construction managers
have always had to be skilled and knowledgeable in
surveying principles and methods.
