DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY VISVESVARAYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
KR CIRCLE, BANGALORE-560001
INDUSTRIAL VISIT REPORT
SHARAVATI AND VARAHI GENERATING STATIONS
NAME:
REG. NO:
Industrial Visit Report
VARAHI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
The river Varahi takes its birth at a height of 730 m in the Western Ghats at
Hebbagilu, near Agumbe in Shimoga District. It joins the Arabian Sea near Kundapur.
After a 25 Km initial run, this swift and powerful river falls 455 m in cascades to form the
bellowing Kunchikal falls.
Initially conceived as a surface power house at the blueprint stage, Varahi was
later converted into an underground Powerhouse. The decision for the changeover was
based on three key parameters : technical, economical and our concern for environment
protection. Stage I of the Varahi Hydro Electric Project has a total installed capacity of
230 MW and Stage II of the Varahi Hydro Electric Project has a total installed capacity
of 230 MW contributing 1100 MU annually. This consists of 4 x 115 MW Generating
Units at Varahi underground Powerhouse and two 4.5 MW units in the power house at
the Mani Dam site.
The Varahi hydroelectric project has a distinction of being the state’s rst
underground power house. The project includes construction of 3 dams, a dam power
house and an underground power house with an ultimate power potential of 460 MW in
two stages. The three dams and a dam power house are located in Hosanagarataluk,
Shimoga district, the pressure shaft and underground power house are located in
Kundatpurataluk, Udupi district.
The rst stage of project consists of 115 MW each at underground power house
and two units of 4.5 MW each at mani dam power house. Both the power houses
generate about 859 MU of energy annually. Varahi project consists of the main reservoir
formed by mani dam, a balancing reservoir formed by pickup dam and forebay dam.
DETAILS OF ELECTRICAL AND HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT OF VARAHI
UNDERGROUND POWERHOUSE
MAIN INLET VALVE
Turbine is provided with a spherical type main inlet valve. In the operating
position of the valve will have a uniform cylindrical bore of 1.8m diameter. Valve is
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provided with sealing device consisting of movable disk which impresses upon a ring on
the valve rotor. Time for opening or closing the main inlet valve is 90 sec.
PELTON TURBINE
Supplied by BHEL
The rated head : 463.28m
Gross head : 475.38m
The rated discharge of turbine : 33.4 cum/sec
Weight of runner : 30 tonnes
No. of buckets (runner) : 21
Outer dia : 4.5m
Pitch dia : 3.5m
Speed : 250 rpm
Run away speed : 440 rpm
GOVERNOR
The governor is supplied by ASEA, Sweden. Basically designed for speed control
essentially consists of electro hydraulic transducer, actuator, main distributing valve and
feedback unit. These are controlled by PID controllers. Nozzle closing time is 36s,
opening in 46s. The de ector servomotor closing time is 6.5s and opening time is 27s.
AIR COMPRESSOR AND GOVERNOR OIL PUMP
Each generating station unit is provided with two motor driven rotary type
governor oil pumps. Automatic control is provided for the pumping units to pump oil into
the oil receiver tank when the pressure drops below the set point.
Governor oil pressure system
GOP : 2
Capacity : 600 lit/ min
Motor speed : 1500 rpm
Rating : 55 KW/75 HP
Sump tank capacity : 6300 lit
Maximum working pressure : 40 kg/cm2
Grade of oil : servo-prime 57
Tank total capacity : 6.3cum
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GENERATOR
Generators are installed at Varahi station are top bracket pendant\vertical shaft
type, supplied by BHEL Bhopal. The generator capacity is 115MW, 11KV, 0.9pf lag,
3ph, 250 rpm, 50 Hz with max stator current of 6707 amps. The eld for full load at 0.9
pf lag at 11KV is 1120 amps at 89mVAR zero pf leading at 11 KV is 275 amps.
COOLING WATER SYSTEM
Each generating unit is provided with independent cooling system.
Type : 7 stage vertical turbine type
Delivery head : 80m
Delivery pressure : 8kg/cm2
Discharge : 5000lpm
Motor : Vertical hollow shaft, SQDP squirrel cage type 150 BHP 3ph, 50Hz, 415V and
1450 rpm
STATOR
The stator frame is assembled in 6 segments and is mounted on the foundation
with 6 nos. of air coolers. The stator core is built in 6 segments with high grade, non-
ageing, thin laminated silicon steel double side varnished laminations with 270 slots.
STATOR WINDING
The winding of epoxy class F insulation and single turn double-layered bar wave
winding with four parallel paths and 3 conductors.
ROTOR
The generator rotor consists of spider and yoke assembly with rotor of
laminations held by studs. There are 24 nos. of laminated eld poles detailed to rotor
rim with two cotter keys and T headed bolts.
BEARINGS
Thrust Pad Bearing
Type : Spring mattress
No of pads : 12 no
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Type of cooling : Heat exchange from oil to oil cooler
Max permissible temperature : 800 C
Normal working temperature : 700 C
Top and Bottom Guide Bearing Type
: Segment 12 Nos.
Nos. : 1 no. above rotor and 1 no. below
Type of lubrication : Pug-in type of oil cooler
Normal Working temperature : 700/800 C respectively
Turbine Guide Bearing
Type lubricated : Rotating sump self
Oil capacity of sump : 500 litres
STATIC EXCITATION SYSTEM
The static excitation system comprises of Excitation Transformer Thyristor
Bridges Field Breaker cubicle, Field ashing unit and AVR/control cubicle. The required
excitation power is taken from the generator terminal itself supplied to converter via
excitation transformer from there it is delivered to the generator through the eld
breaker. Excitation build-up is affected either from Station battery or from auxiliary mains
and disconnected by the eld winding ashing circuit breaker on reaching 70%
generator voltage. AVR control system PID.
TRANSFORMERS
Main Transformer
The transformers installed at VUGPH are indoor 3ph with oil directed Water
forced cooling complete two sets of heat exchanger oil accessories and pumps. The
transformer is supplied by TELK, Kerala.
Details of Transformer
Type : Indoor WEIC step up
Guaranteed max Temp : 550 C
System Frequency : 50Hz
Rating on HV and LV side : 130mVA
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Overload capacity continuous : 10% above rated capacity
Voltage Rating LV and HV : 11/220KV
Tap Changing : OFF circuit
HV and LV winding connection for 3ph : Star Delta
Type of cooling : ODWF
Number of coolers : 2 coolers
Auxiliary Transformer
Each unit is provided with an auxiliary transformer supplied by m/s KAVIKA,
Bangalore. It is of 11KV/415V step down type the max rating is 2500KVA DYN 11
connected, the type of cooling is ONAN and max working temp of oil is 50°C.
220KV HT CABLE
The 220KV HT cable provided at VUGPH is supplied by m/s AEG cables, West
Germany. The cable is self-contained low pressure oil lled type. The core is of 240
mm0 2 circular compacted, oil impregnated paper insulation. The temperature at rated is 0
74 C and max operating permissible temperature is 84 C.
TRANSMISSION LINES
There are 4 outgoing 220KV Transmission lines at VUGPH.
They are-
VS-1 : Varahi-Shimoga Line No.1
VS-2 : Varahi-Shimoga Line No.2
Vm-1 : Varahi-Mangalore Line No.1
Vm-2 : Varahi-Mangalore Line No.2
Conductor Used : ACSR Drake dia 28.14 mm
Max Current Rating : 710A at 500 C Ambient
CIRCUIT BREAKER
At DY there are two makes of 20KV SF-5 Circuit Breakers. The unit breakers 2
Nos. are supplied by m/s NGEF, Bangalore. The line and bus coupler breakers 5 Nos.
are supplied by m/s Crompton Greaves, Nasik.
D.G. SET
D.G. set is located in outdoor yard.
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Name of the manufacturer : m/s Kirloskar Cummins Ltd.
Capacity : 625 KVA
Diesel Engine :750 BHP
Speed : 1500 rpm
EOT CRANES
Two medium duty EOT cranes are provided at generator hall supplied by m/s Chithram
& Co. Ltd. Chennai.
Main Hoist : 175 Tons
Auxiliary Hoist : 50 Tons
Undersling Hoist : 10 Tons (2 Nos.)
HIGHLIGHTS OF VUGPH
Date of Commissioning of units
● Unit no.1 : 12-08-1989
● Unit no.2 : 12-11-1990
Installed capacity : 230MW
Highest generation achieved per day : 5.745 MU on 8 th August 1997
Highest generation achieved per month : 169.21 MU during August 1994
Highest generation achieved per year : 1340 MU during 1994-95
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SHARAVATI HYDEL PROJECT
GENERATING UNIT INSTALLED CAPACITY (MW) ENERGY (MU/YR)
MGHE station 120 250
AB site station 1035 4380
Linganamakki PH 55 290
INTRODUCTION
The Sharavati Hydel project was commissioned ( rst stage) 24th January 1965.
The project was undertaken with help of aid from USA and the works for the rst stage
were inaugurated on 5th December 1958. The project was completed in three stages and
the nal stage was commissioned in the year 1977. The Sharavathi AB site station has
an installed capacity of 1035MW. This is the biggest single station generating power at
the cheapest rate in the whole of INDIA.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SCHEME
The scheme consists of two masonry dams - one across Sharavathi near
Linganamakki and the other across Talakalalesream which is a tribute to Sharavathi.
The stored water will be diverted as and when required to the generating station through
a water conductor system consisting of an open channel,themalali tunnel, Talakalale
Balancing Reservoir, twin pressure tunnels at peaks on the Western Ghats. Due to the
steep terrain through which the river ow, no portion of the water of the river can be
utilized for irrigation with the result the entire water of river can be utilized for power
generation. Its catchment basin has an annual rainfall of about 125 inches and produces
an annual runoff of approximately 4 million acre feet.
Annually there is a heavy rainfall over a major portion of the catchment during the
south west monsoon and most of the precipitation occurs in the months of July and
August resulting in heavy and unfailing oods each year. In fact the discharge in the
river varies from 200,000 cusecs during monsoons to as low as 5 cusecs during
summer months. The catchment area of the river at the Linganamakki dam is 769
sq.miles.
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SHARAVATHI RIVER
The river Sharavathi is the shortest and mightiest river in INDIA - shortest in
length but mightiest in power potential. The river Sharavathi rises on the eastern slopes
of the Western Ghats near Ambuthirtha in the north western corner of Thirthalli Taluk in
Shimoga District, Karnataka state. The river rises at an elevation of 2314’ above mean
sea level and is 82 miles in length. The general direction of ow is north westerly until it
reaches and penetrates the Western Ghats at a gap near JOG, where it takes a turn to
west leaps 830‘, causing the magnificent Jog Falls - the majestic 'RAJA', the thundering
‘ROARER‘, the shooting ‘ROCKET’ and the nimble lady in her owing robes from 1551‘
to 721' above m.s.l. and races down to the deep narrow gorge on its onward journey to
Gersoppa village. Finally it spills out towards its destination - The Arabian sea.
LINGANAMAKKI DAM
MAIN STORAGE RESERVOIR
The Linganamakki dam is situated 8 miles downstream of Hirebhaskar reservoir
and 2 miles upstream of Kargalanicut. The dam is about 1.5 miles in length and 181 feet
in height above the river bed level. The reservoir is designed to store a gross capacity of
178 TmC (ft) of water. The storage is about 1.5 times that of Tungabhadra, more than
twice that of Bhadra, and about 3.5 times that of K.R.S. The major portion of the dam
has been constructed with rubble masonry in surkimortar. About 20% of the masonry is
in cement mortar. The oods will be disposed of over an Ogee type spillway in the river
bed portion by using 11 radial crest shutters. In the dam in the river bed portion turbine
sluices, power channel sluices and river sluices are all located in the left bank.
Necessary drainage and inspection galleries are provided in the body of the dam. A
roadway of 18 feet in width is provided on the top of the dam.
When the dam was constructed to the nal height, it was proposed to construct a
powerhouse on the downstream side of the dam at the left ank , but the necessary
sluices and penstocks for leading on the water to the generating units was installed in
the body of the dam.
SALIENT FEATURES
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LINGANAMAKKI DAM NON OVERFLOW SECTION
Catchment Area - 769 Sq. miles max
Rainfall in Catchment - 320 inches min
Rainfall in Catchment - 25 miles Gross
Capacity of Reservoir - 156 T.m .C Ft
Live Capacity of Reservoir - 152 T.m .C Ft
Area of Submersion - 126 Sq. miles
Top of Dam - El.1831.00
Max Water Level - El.1821.00
Full Reservoir Level - El.1819.00
Minimum Draw Down Level - El.1715.00
Average River Bed Level - El.1650.00
Length of Masonry Dam - 5740 Feet
EARTH DAM
Length of Dam - 2330 Feet
Average Height - 133 Feet
Road Width At Top - 30 Feet
SPILLWAY SECTION
Design maximum Flood - 2,85,000 Cusecs
Length Of Spillway - 650 Feet
No. of Radial Gates - 11
Size of Gates - 50ft X 24ft
Bucket Bottom Level - El.1647.00
Bucket End Cill - El.1653.00
Bucket Radius - 60 Feet
Spillway Crest - El.1795.00
POWER DAMSECTION
No. of Penstocks Embedded - 2
Dia of Penstocks - 16 Feet
Thickness of Plate - 0.75 inch
Centre Line of Intake - El.1724.30
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Inclination of Penstock to Horizontal - 13 degrees
Sluices - 3 Nos
Size of Sluice - 8’ X 14’
Discharge through the Sluices - 6200 Cusecs
TRASH RACKS
Type - Semicircular
Radius - 24 Feet
No. of Panels - 5
Cill Level - El.1700.00
Top Level - El.1758.00
Rack Bar Spacing - 50 C/C
Velocity through Rack - 1.47 Feet/Sec
LINGANAMAKKI DAM SITE POWER HOUSE
INTRODUCTION
The Linganamakki Dam Power House is situated at the toe of Linganamakki dam
across Sharavati and will utilize the variable head available at the Linganamakki dam.
Its installed capacity is 55MW(2 units of 27.5 MW) with an energy contribution of about
290 mU/year. The capital cost is Rs. 12.62 Crores. The rst unit of L.P.S was
commissioned on July 8th th, 1979. The second unit of L.P.S was commissioned into
service on March 15 , 1980. This station works in close coordination with the AB site
power house.
CHAKRA DIVERSION SCHEME
The monsoon ows in the chakra river are proposed to be diverted into the
Sharavathi Valley. The Chakra diversion scheme contemplates construction of two
dams across the chakra and Savehaklu rivers in the neighbouring Varahi valley and
diverting the water into the Linganamakki reservoir in the Sharavathi valley. It is already
under implementation and is expected to be completed by 1981-82 , thus enabling
another 508 MU/year to be generated at the Sharavathi station.
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SALIENT FEATURES
POWER DAMSECTION
Number of Penstocks Embedded - 2
Diameter of Penstocks - 16 Feet
Thickness of Plate - 0.75 inch
Inclination of Penstock to Horizontal - 13 Degree
Sluices - 3 Nos of 8’ X 14‘ size
Discharge Through the Sluices - 6200 Cusecs
Water Level at 6200 Cusecs - R1 1707 Feet
Gross Head For Power - max R1 1819' to R1 1707‘=112‘ min
R1 1743' to R1 1707‘=36’
BUTTERFLY VALVE
Manufactured in - U.S.S.R
Diameter - 5000 mm
Static Heads - mwc 42.3
Max. Heads Including Pressure Rise Resulting From Hydraulic Thrust - mwc 54.9
Max. Rated Discharge - 107 m3/Sec
KAPLAN TURBINE
No. of Units - 2
Capacity - 39,600 BHP(Each)
No. of Blades - 6
Dia. of Runner - 3.6 m
Speed - 200 rpm
Net Head : Hmax - 34.76m
Hrated - 29.50m
Hmin - 10.36m
Output at Rated Head - 28500 KW
MAIN EXCITER
Power - 192 KW
Voltage - 160 V
Current - 1200 A
Speed - 200 rpm
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GOVERNOR GENERATOR
Power - 0.251 KVA
Voltage - 110 V
Frequency - 50 Hz
Current - 1.31 A
Speed - 200 rpm
GENERATOR
Mfd in U.S.S.R - Electro Sila
No. of Units - 2
Capacity - 27.5 MW
Direction of Rotation - Anticlockwise
No. of Poles - 30
Apparent Rating - 30.5 MVA
Rated Line Voltage - 11 KV
Rated Stator Current - 1600 A
Rated Power Factor - 0.9 Rated
Frequency - 50 Hz
Rated Speed - 200 rpm
Run Away Speed - 400 rpm (Designed)
Rotor Flywheel
Moment in T-m2 - 2100 T-m2 Stator
Base Diameter - 5200 mm
Stator Core Length - 1000 mm
DC Resistance of Rotor Winding
At an Ambient temperature of 150 C - 0.0155 ohm Cooling
Air Temperature - 450 C
Field Current at Rated Power and
Terminal Volts (Derived from Rated Value) - 5% of 1100 A
Rated Voltage AC at Rotor Slip Rings
At 1200 C - 135 V
Ef ciency At Rated Power,
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Voltage and Power Factor - 97.6%
Constant of Field Winding - 4.6 Sec
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TRANSFORMERS
TYPE MAIN AUXILIARY
Rating 30 MVA 750 MVA
Voltage at No Load
HV 110 KV 11 KV
LV 11 KV 415 V
Current at No Load
HV 157.5 A 309.4 A
LV 157.5 A 1042 A
No. of Phases 3 3
Frequency 50 Hz 50 Hz
Vector Group Star/Delta Delta/Star
Impedance (Volts) 12.15% 4.8%
Type of Cooling O.F.W O.W
Temperature Rise in Oil 450 C 450 C
Temperature Rise in 650 C -
Winding
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Weight of Core and 24,800 Kg 3,200 Kg
Winding
Weight of Oil 11,850 Kg 1,257 Kg
Quantity of Oil 13,620 Lts 1,500 Lts
Insulation Level in KV
HV 450 Neutral
LV 38 rms
75 Peak
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