Thanks to visit codestin.com
Credit goes to www.scribd.com

Scribd
Upload
159 views77 pages

DM - Lattices&Logics PDF

Uploaded by

Shashank Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
159 views77 pages

DM - Lattices&Logics PDF

Uploaded by

Shashank Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 77
= Onduud Selp & batters = Ordered Seka q— Suppose Ria arulakion on a eet S Sabiafyinp dw following dros fprclortres 4 i (Reflerve) — Foe ony aes , (A,a%R (1 @rtiggmmetrre) QL C,byeR € o,0) CR ther, Aes og] C Tronsinee) 94 Carer & cer, 4Ca,c) ER Then, RB ig collid Pontigh odor on simy amd on ff onder relation end 2 ip did te defi o Padal Fe. cement S The see SWE HE Bont Onder 16 -ealleh oa ponti andere Sek on Arriy on ordered tok on “poset. Use canike GR when we wont to stecify Hh sulokion, Seen te muthinatieal ym) AL porches of.den sulation, \s ara, demoked, hy “S'and Sb suad "a pruceda bY Sr this core Wesabe wnite Ack meow acbd ath; ruod “ eupboctt, Yowcsda bra mana Ab ; Head "b succeeds 0” BFA mems a €%, at, “ Posie Onder Relation \— s), Leas KRom oe baal bea) | 4 @ Tronsikive COcbi deg 9 act) Homer, (2, <7] Ye Peret nelabion | berrial orden, Orondaned salokion, kez DY, Grader tron or equaltor (x) OB) MES by a Aollecher “of Gels , The salatien So} Ak Inclusion ie & bosctiogl orderntry 4 Ss, Shreifiealtys ACA for ang ach A tL ABE BSA Anan A=Bsyand tf ACB ,BCc; Acc; Honea, & Vp pooek ralakin +} 8, Giusy Prowe trode (Ny a divides b) tp pantiak onde) ‘A'S, » Teele) i 4s DV A divides a gafterde” NS ty A=kb thm ba he (iL VEE) Lohuu/& Vel @% j @y otkbs bee 2 ekRCS Tromattives -. a dividu b on Khe Hdotion 4} divisions, WB a porctroh orden of NI. Duol_Order !- hk < be ony pankah onder og a &t S$. The salakion % , thok | , & Suceecds b . OW partiak onderiry of S it Vp called dual orden, Com, i a _Ordewh Sets .- Sebbose | a & b ane clemunt in porch oy. onderedl Ace S. We Sey A & b au componobte tf Aa (6, /] dpe divids greater) @ (o,,,11; A=41,2,204,6,12} SS Minimal 4 Maximal onc Fyst ond Act Elemenfs 3 ket Sha pect all, ondereal set , WE tlemerd @ ty | S & walled minimak deme YY ne oth corok gy § Ahaha preeeols (A tm tron) a. Srila | an. chmbrk b jn S$ i called masimah elemut jy No thmerk J. 8 Abrich hag raueteccta Cys torgr thon) 5 Geometrically , a ip minimal clonet g nm eolge enka & Cfrem Luleor) , ond b 1s marirah tf ro oe | | Sears b Cin upward duractron) , Née that S com fave more Thon ore minural mow cfron pre Mavmal ehernk. % OY SB nfinte , tren S may have ne pian 4 maximal eer , - * I fire, S must have ot feast Ors both, An elemenk @ tn S ip called a fst_elemunt tL ate wey ey other elemeck m LS, Similanily , On elunssk bin Ste calleol Last Lemuck z Rb ps for eveay demuk 4 m S, that fs, if b Aveeeccl, evry offen for esery element % th S, > that ys AL '2.' Pracecler elma th S, , ee Note Larat > east | minimum { A. fant ys obve cabled quatut clemend/Maxcimun i ate, a, (%,, ‘ 9.2 44,253,5, 6, to, 5,30 Y ze Sy Exod RES Leminimal ({ Jowt aie) Sos marimar (& bot, alee) on), = 44,23,4,5 64 Cay minmal = L mosimal = 4,3, 6 least squats = 0g), (0,71 4 D=42,5,204 = UX os s minmal = 2,5 magia, = LO heart 2, X ywodut = 10 } Upbor Bourddteat vppa Bound ¢— ” Act A be O Subéet (o} fartially od, ALS. Arn clerk m iin Sig called an upba bound of A if mM duceceds euny element of 4 rh : we QL on upba bend ab A prucedia evey othe uber bound gf A, then it A called Powe Svpnemum A onk dunctek by sup) On (EB abso called teoak upber bound af) A Gnd, denoted by Sub CAD (or aimated o” v qin.) Lub igaloo cs Mower Bond. € Oot Leer Bound ir, An. emus ~ mo poset S yp colleck 0 leutn bound of sebacté Cf Mm pruceds cue lem of A te, BD My we have Q} & Lowa bound dt A succerds cuey other low bound ah A, fren bee Gill. braun of A é th dens by inf) ore Grucdut low bound cma ys comthd by ghd CA) , Con dined on (Cutt) Shilo, 9} A hoo an ypu bound = wt Say fw ys bomded abdve < — YA Aa lower, bovmd ue oy A bondi belew Sn porhentar Ay bounded yf A hay On’ vp & levy hound bi. | G8 |muk = f 08 13,44 lub =} on Jon + 22), a @ b c a Lg =46a} Qh | meek A =e} UB = Aap y lub] jon, v =h Batedt (s cles a nse Coiba the Clunuts Of B i gt ? Lathes }~ A pet in which each fair of durenh Fras both Least ubber bounol Cv , Join ) ond gest lower bomdCA, mut) ys Called “lathes, 7 | e = ye net a lathes : Q -" : at ' rd (et obba bomd for ibe} ie (hesfh 5 fd,c} onwn's Cempanabbt. » haner, Reork Uubbur bound Fon {b,c} ient thos.) - A © =A < % ya lattice : b a by Q ; \ Ques fu Past (at, 1) lather on net 9 Ast Gp lathes + ia oe : | es qhb = Kot of elem 5 5 5 a Lub = het® of. ol A 241,234 4 3 a L Clearly ,i 8 Lathes. _ Noles Each total orclned St je lattice Some £9 Sp batten’ Hp s al divpow™ en. Qa), <) — tier Qe [a,<) Gun tohvh of TH quteuny Saapoms ov Toten? OO, © 6 / Aa + glo 4a foiowh OATS Sek re 2 a “— O <> » ie . ES 0 NE fous 5 gb 4 lu exyshs J Lathco Bt Be ® ». * ee {b,05 eS Alea, Not a Cole Qu C12,3,4,6,5, 12 tet,/] ia . As Jorn remi Lather only b), Nok a jen Aumi Lather (gL) cl - & Lottie AN. Neither 4se Ron Rist i erreereer etree EETTETEEE 412,10} don't have wher bound ve 4 & hour bound is {2,6,3} eae ons nen- comparable 5 Hower, ik doeuns Owe gbb on muck (A) Hones, opr @) Pachurtiza oh Lothien abc eh (A,R) po bottrer OL). Commutative low '- AAb = b AQ OavVbo=zbva 02), Aaanclotive Lows s— a AWENC) = (aby nc Qv(bve) = aVCbve) 047, Abs onbl ew Laue, AN CVb)= 4 avanb)sa AN te lattio . don't sahpfy the Awetoubuhee laus- 8), Byttnibuktu lag W Me ACYVE) = CO AY)V Ge Az) XVUY AZ) = fevyya Ce V2) 7 YF A latin L ig Aaid to hae @ lous bouncl 6 iL fom oy dlonert BML we hove O48 » 1 1% said te Aove a7 be, bork Coy ox ary FE kot have ® ET L is sold fo be bordel yf 4% Aas both lower bound 0 ond upbor bourd £ + Sn sich o latte, Ue Rave the cclemtho — Boundd Lathes: ONT fs aanr =a avo a aNO0=o0 “Weare! Row Finie Lattin, Lig bound. Comblernnty erred Lattions )— het Lobe @ bemdid Lattice with lowe bound O° ond) © lek Q be On lamin gh Lg Ares dermt on tin OL % calud a cement oho. if | ave=T and AanNnk =O Cemplerninka Teed het east 2 need nok be unijut.| called trivich complomentory pate hn lattios NUR e,0) jp eatled comblerintony pate. de © 5) Ae TON a &ebety oeothe < _~ [ aAb=0 | GNbTT contort of bin He , odpm Araguomn | a | wo cho =o 5 CVb=T ~~ | Conplarwribe Lattcous ] iathet LB Mid -ts be comburunted Yok Ye boundak and evopy clerond of L haa Q compurenk (Déplailoukw. Lattiers .- A tathen kD Said to be Auglouibudive if for ony clumanka Qe eee in ce Aout Pipbaitase Lowe: av(pac) = lavb) atave) aA (ove) = ab)v Canc) ofhwa}pe L dpqaid te be nerd ytnibutive . Theonurn y— Ar lathe ho ta nendistribubrve if and only tf Uk pontoing Sublatticr ywrmonphie fo +e qoltowby Foe Sublatree i= - A sub Latics , S 1 3 Lothar Lap Q subset of L such thot Gres anb es & @nbeS eee oe Fo AE Te ek aD cof divigows am) @ Sublatig Of Positive mus (Nn) sat drvyibiity, » . wt ge = a NO} Oy hoo elemmnds = Hee of thei cum { Vi too eles = Lom g xnode Clem, Guus Show net the given Lattin Aatyis disletbubis "aa Propraty. oe nok 7 , “ e Z ° a 4 c ® @ shan 9 @ OaVCCAd) = ove 20 @We) Mavd)'s ene ae D Av CAA) ¢ |vel aCavd) Home, @) ia nck a dishibutie lattion , | | @ ovlomd) save =e fave\ACavd) =ene ze — © artevd) = and = 6 a@ fare) vCard) = bvb = b © catavd)= cAe=c e GAna) vic) =bvE =G » @ cvCand l= vb = Cc €va) Aevd)= Ad = fainis ov (OAK) F Cva) A\Evd) ~. Not a dystibuhue lattier, Gu. Ir ry dyshaubwe Lettie ane = any & aveR = ov. te Goo Rey OAR = 9 AY RVG) = rev Canny) ®W Ay eva) ACevy ) {usyy absorphtn Law aC atxbibuhur (au % avy) ACevy) quan wast Re =Ca ney %, = a AY NY = yvlany) ( dade (auo~ = Yyviy ra) Common We -Cabsonbhi®n Laur) Queowsh Fo “Basen YS Lak ba 0 pounded, djstnibubos Labticn , Tin comblemme ara unig tf Any exist» ( Pree Bek» OR 4 Y aga hao — COmblemunpa of an elem g Of dysbdvouboe lation thon " to Ane =O 3 QAY=0 and omk aveetl av yr Onwe = any Tev Cane) + me VLOAY ) oe = Ova) abevy) A absephirty| | TD Oxy JACEvy) ao = > Ome) dy = my vy Preaved wbrq 3 Boolon olgibra, provides cprrahen & Fatt woondking with o @1,; + -o% + = AND 7 =Nor ® - xXon @ - XNOR Fm 0, Rn) 1 cageee bocom. femetion , veedh ; Qu find ouk pouiite bobleon f% with — dignn hao, : Ase emf? Povibitthy any 7 ” re Nos of all porwite pH usith dayue n= 2 he Leo} at powints 5 ustty degen = 2] ple thes <— ES Sunt hts OQ) Commutative \- a), #48 = BA es G1 Aggeciahive'- a). Avice) = Bit © B) Qypbipurce, ~ O), AlB.c) = BaBy.Cage) | Cr) Stdempotend aw AtTA =A M). Double complet : aay 2 4 vo, Sdunbity ew t a. A +O =A DAL og wa) Dominokion lave SS owton Las. OD, AaL cu b1. AtR=@ Qu fron Wt LYDR 7 = GorgyD Ges z) We Toth Tabi. ee S00 C Sm of produchs) AP $ BL whan Qu repasod JO 4, & 1=Get ay in Sop - Ass. SHS Wyt By Hey RE) 4 Reena) a oy = Wye + RyS + Wye A RAR ede Saye : ae Qu» Retesid Sin,4,2) = Ger2).y in POS form or ub day 2r= bet ysy 42).C6e 4 py tad = berz F 4G) (0B 4y+2-2) = feraty) et2+y (xe K+y}2), CreEty +3) {77 PFB.c = @RyC = Gory se) Ger} sz) Cope) CEry Cary az Geryag) = OYA) OAT) esse eF CEH BY : eS a oN sbogie!— ae - Dy 5 ‘—D- ~ Que Reduce tr pilowniry Redon producly to eistun ¢ 0% fundamental Qreduct O), mye! z ex'ye 26 > e). MeN Yr b), acyey Mey 2 = Ye RMRHY 2's Oy 2! Qu Exjoun each Boblian expursian, EUyy ® Somme) Presta ond than n+ Avm-o}. -Peducts forma: a), 12) tA complike Earley 4 x'y + y2) EP EY! + Oy, +04" — EOP tonm) Es ey Czte'demye Ez ty2+ wey eo 4 aya Te = eyla +rey 2! | D C Compl. Sottanu) |e ~t kopic de Gupositinral Coleston + A> prapatihen (on statement) 4g 0 daclanakive Arrkerer ushich te eithor pur on fobs, buk nok both. 7 Geant Qalion— 3 Kony Pcposthona Orn combpasike , thot a , combos of subproposittona Ono various connuctins dyscusted Subs Such Lempesite : Proparihina Or callad Combamd rpupaihins. Ac prportion,| Is dard to be Grimitive if & come be broken doum tes : into Anriplon paopmitiond , that to, if J+ nob composi. Ee Branpley. 0), "Rea an sud G vide au bur” jp compound dyspartion, with gubpropasitiins “Row am ned’ de “Violeta au We). “Toh ip anbellegerct 08 thadica gh“ Ye a, compound. proporiter, wr, shprobinrhions "Jonn ip intelligent doe "John stadia coy nyt > ° c), "Londen Deets fy padmibioe proposition, Basie logical Operation. $— . ‘ Conjumehon (and) , Aisjumeten.Con) & negation, (not ) OL) Conjmatinn (bq)! flay duo propesthon com be bh fom 4 compourdh Gontensck by the word Mend" , Cee \position © called, Conjmechion, . of dre Guginal prthay PAY (podg) dence tre ceucton ch p &¢. “Tat Table bay b + + A e + G e e Odd Digjurchon Cb vq )v— Guth Tete bY 4 | by | Pale - alg Bel Top e Pp e XA i 7 hoa pradudence over A hich fas pruccdence | oud Vv Yes pag mama Gb) Ay “Toutologies dy Contradictions = Prapoaihion Rb.g,-—-) whuh ww tus. for dee fruth valuus of thak variable aus called Aoutofogien ond if thy ont fala Onby then Conthadidions , how of Suoatavhin) § Y PCb Gi) Bo Toutolggy then 92 19, --) is a tautolegy. for ony photons My \spieak Bysivaline Byaivalinee !— “Toe preposition Phe...) & Qthar-) Ou sad to be Logrcally pivoborK on stony. epuivedink O% equal — dumele by Peat, ~--) = QU, 4) -—) I YY Huy have ididhfad roan. Abts, F Alda ch Gaepuitnus Whos 11) demoted Love , a bvb = b ( b) bAb=p 2), Agpocrahve Lowey wt @. bY@VA)=Uovq) vor b). bag an) = (png) ax - 3) Commutatie Laur a), PvE = qvp b), bag = 4 Ab ON Dybbububve haus 1 9 by(qyan) = (bvy) al-bva) ») bawqva) 2(bag)v Ub an) ; 887, Ident, leur %, bat: = p bd), bars b Demmohon'( FY, PVT ZT . ee 8). pak zp 50). Complermch Law \- pereeeeteey; | Park =F i; >’) bvyb= T . 08). _Snvolwkien las hab a 7Cbvy) = ah ATH b) 4b ay) 2 Th vy i167 (- ci St $ The dtaternan$s op te for “Yb ton 7” Qe Calleck’ Londitioral ootemenhe, arcl are clnatedk by p>g The Londsibr. pe ip Preguertty 90a "b implees Yom "bony if 9" The Stotement op ths form * p ope outs GY ewe calkol bueendénaL Atekernanhe and an. denokeal | oy. 1 peg I | a). pg) oe false Only if fout bart p je Pus amd. Fhe Avoendl bart 'q Ys fase b) peg R tue “when $e ¥ have Hin ome truth, valu g Jobe ofunaise a >. Asegunrer ta Ararguminé tp an anedtion Fak « Given, det of prupositton 0,9, ----, m Calle Pumiges , Yields (has a consguerct) arretiy, Prepon, GQ pollecl the conclubiér » Sud, om. nenk! te dorokedk oy 4 PhP Pe, PEA 2 The notion of "“logicak argumenk” on “valid eigery ae ib formalize a4 follows t Pe Orgurment %,?2,%, 5. PnkQ Ie aud be vali 4"@ YB dus whenewer ath the Vembe AREA, pooh ane tru” fine onguntent which Ys nc valid Uz called {obesy . e 1 byrsebgoug 7 Detedrnk) Cb £ bag an tau e ™M Roar L , forvbuch % YB ohe trun) ths alboue VE vob orgumsnk) On), The fovlorsiyy: Ongumnt iz a tollours poy iy EP Qn ca 3, bv eG Ow T bb iB fable, ener, net avoid ongumad , Ce- a Salto. Now the poceporthen Ga mameeruly f arc only {ah pospesthen. RA A ah, Pe Snfrmner Systemy To gre fee Sault — we Thus the @yumet fh. awa FQ Ya vad if and oy CEQ tear hore Ratan oath So swivalently. If ke Bee bro hah | (aw... AP) Ds @ tautology oy) Trwosrern \- TTRe Osgumeck A Py MEQ Ye void 5 ond erly a ths Aasheaition, Qa a ahJaq \ - toutobegy. TTR ddlowty — argumect y) valid > Poq,gorn b Pon (Lar 9} Syllc stam) “AY bimptia g @ Q wmpla then b mplia %" + (Ms) A= }Ob-s¢), wr Laon paso this o tnuchlony to prwoue THY Law eh SyUlgiare 5 Matyi. Tete s ee Puts of Onjermetay Aosicad Sreplication fF ~ VA propewten P'Cb.o ~ B dad tr legieatly reply a propesttren, QCD, b . unten. Pb4,-—) = Q(b4 ~~) if Q(>@,--) i fur WArnevedn h9) os tres, ah steam Ni i TResassen :— Fev omy. pousbositien Glb,¢,---) ¢ Qa.) ye fillowign Howe Atotemengs ars — Qa, --) Bea 2 ctousetogy , Rrcposttionds functions Q, Guowlifins a ba be a Gom gut. A bropaihonol Fometion (. Oh an opin Aintewen| dendthOn) Sfinih En A fa On exbswnidn, Pee] whleh has Hue Ho tok bla) te Ton p Jor each A eA. Thok Yes bux bheemy @ shodemuck — whe BEA subshithuted for the vortable 2, The get A tp eallecl the dEmatn a pee) & Aha Get “Th of all cements a A for whieh play V6 inue js Called. the truth Std ple). “Th = dees reg dO) tru} OR Ty =4oei bec} po 7 S MEW oy demu & Q) kee Ge) be MATT | Gg tout set Gp Tp = dro rene N + 274 y Bees 0 ay Universal Guonatifions — het bir) be a bsuosttional function defind Gn Ae. Censidtr Gr7CeAAC) On Veber) , Hi Syntbot “V" ip calle universal “ . Qumtifion. Qextadtntiod Quontifen ¢- Ke, POD be a propositional, fumehon defind On det A, censioly (Grea) pod on Pople), the symbol J tp callecl txipention quormstifien f Kérdrcobositive | 4b 16 convewe "bay and xg ab $8 Centrabasthve oy poy v5 Egt- ht poy be “If st vaind , thm $ 9e+ wet." ¥ Qnuwvey vpsng = "UY H doen't roin tha 9 - Coon'h get wet". % Convuue! gop ="9f 9 get wet thin if ralng.“ + Contnapositive!- 4 sb FOO don'h ge wet thins ob dean't vain," \ Qa), (vor Poe) ) = Fre (Poo) Dy ero) ) 2 Mt 00 (7 Pre) ) soo A probmitiorah function poucectiot Dy o guomtrfia fox each vorwable , for 3: Woe Ty pooiy ) on Ye Dy 12 Pon) Ngatry Quo ich Satemencba uarth mone than Ens Vasttable !- [ve ly J2,poyy, 2] = jx -Aydz, Pewy, 27 5 Je Vy V2 (7Piyy,2)) ole; Pay = ae rood a. fb, y b). B onby tf | a. 4 tb t a) ob vs Sulttctenk fon Q@). pimpka y 1g), @ whens b | 9). % WB rrcemay fon f pis gallu hypothuge GG ip called concuaritn, Peo : b th and ony f¢% b ads “pb 6 ueseday & butt lelent poug! peg = (pq) aCg—>p) \ Cure Paowr thak [ap a (pvg)) 94 ta Aastha E: =(Capab) Vv Gpagy | ¢ = [Pv Crbaq) Jae =) ea’, = 7 (TVHAGQ) AG ee aang sina ~~ > bv ag = bvtT Press SaSnEET AEEEEEEEEeeeeine Preclitade. Logit , éB Prwclsade Hefow too prcborty sthak the subjee ye 4 Atatemerk Lon have, oT Atekemen® “oo fe fem tran 5." hao two feoy, Hore, [4 a, vastableg eo ard the Part of Atedons, "WB ks thon es’ lg a psedtcafe . - Quarsy P= "Ente sacl Meosueck ” ] >"Enic role The New Verto" Meo= “Bsu@ ade Tire." « Wx mm symbole foxm a), Rie reads Newsweek € The New Yorkor, ore Aeclouns saad Neunaweek & Time F pate Ch ng) v>Cbax) b), Ot 16 nek run trag Luce racks Time ort “Te New Voxtu bud not Maurenek , a[Cxvaa—b) Auy. Defermins Ah Vakidely ge fillouin ooyunnk Con mfasner system) « 7 P>4,—7bE Vb & 2. a Nb) Th SHOUD be OW faud dary. | —bv4 ATb 4b | bv rp ag > oP C 2 exemmudahoo) 7p A943 Ap TCPbAd vp oh PY7TYVV zh i PY hv ~ Ty 7, ou E 3 touttologg | Jo Nokid IE. Method rot blo | pool ab | baaQ7b| Gea | +a \ 7 T . f a | + le e : : T Fe |v T J ag T e Le 7 7 x T i Toathory. | 2. Nedad wy | Mes Quy» Terk Thre vaticlidy Gq gem Dh too Atds QE a Arion are 2qnah Then he Opharte orys aon equal , Tan AtdeA of a deionyk are not Quah The Shports amg au net eoual. yo Ms yp ts Bhs de Te aides of @ aiamye Or Guat ” 2 "th obpearte. tyler One, equate“, Ye “Thu chose anges om nok Goh" Tok UND Sexy Byrds bog rb hag 3 (brQA)4179 sheds ty Qua Daleming The Tuk vadias [otc ‘earh als folloar, A mA 23,4, SY QO), ea (aaa = 16) Cc), da (et3¢3) cloonly , F boy oh AI. We (012.24) b). Welwizcio) 268 e + EEE ——————————————————————— | Quid Detemmrne tee rut value 0} Sock of tr qollewn, whe 041,235 } a). Fevy, ercyrar Yr b), Veo ay sey A 212. Fon y =1j Com bt X1,2,34 | 7 u C), Woe Wy 5 mmayedie CE (u=4, y22 , x24yv2 r12 J Cxbbon Fallouairy og quanto | Qh Ser. rook ot satiinad § jm p= rere —ase—peah om ye soak Ga berm Oe Ye sakenok => re C ptr) ag.o0)) b), Nom amy Bout A poet, Tp Tsing yey bret, Ge % ie paler Yel PR) 7400)) or Ge (bee) A gC) \y Geld 2 Sieg are puciows 5 bom We wl, Go Ib pln A= m ip bpuctous - ¥re ( (beer wqln) Jo ww) 5 @ x tury graph 6 tree » bee bs M0 ip gb Gr Ip tree Ue (Ke oux ) on Jel bay nay” Fe vy) ® Not oll rainy days om cl ft cd, pane ip raity doy, Game w cdd, . Ve (bos 400) ger Iel Pa) Amey go) - az wen, & (gee ee y nk a try Qu hump uw ] hh Trucks fo wp hen £ = YE TG A 2 6 attacks Mee sires 20 ste etc ioscan se 2990 a hanya 1 tHosolen The % WA tiyuaken Nar eee os Yelp gry) Vor CHO v-4e)) ace) ATH) > Ace)) } a Y Portal Or dou Ar gee 5) ty ealdad Chepter —jratt ices nA plelion : Qe Or @ seb Pass Hak! or dle! ory, Fandid or een wen {ollours 1 the apdropedsy fen: AH ~bqee mele iatiys- endo tr GT Ye “a ty a wd 8 ae jbo" on du? bo ano of pad and wh b ieee im C8, 8) « Ce bana “yo 7 ahottow om vmoal non bey oo partiodty. or dared op rot Ba Read. mumbenr iw _ And ayo edn ety —- Trowiw - Skoog trod a aubud subohliow on! 0 goer vt . RW peeks Se Yaybs 3 rE) = Pate cabs be eas hed 7. wiv ty a x thang FY, » 4 SY Vy Am Hay ees se ay ay ei to uw SZ gant yi hy DPI Om operation on & wh 4 positive amy op cakion —_oAv—_——_— \ The elaments Cay) a, poses C8, 4s) aw calsd com poroble i} eth afb of py a “and wu Imcom parable when. adh sad vd fo . did operahon. cer) ' c+ 14 s \o Ww \3 u—. —— Comparable im ceorporabl because a Wn oor nhs woh Ait ee we TL Ca) & a gd and cer to dere | Vg) ont comparable As TRG Callag 40 Ny or dang ond Lneondy orduad ved. 'S veolted = Aotah o de Oe cede ey ord Od & aye cold chain 7 + (a,b) agy eo bea b&b Whur 4: (ee) ee oo) vos » ss t netdewmentenytoe totally or clay F why WR OW calling ; Ry Oy ody bea ood gy ge TESS (sis \perakes Woy then be equal - Roz Fase a - : : Ty Ge wade posed iantbetanproone MRE fo saliaterhy md Aramieity will hal Ty Ww comme wndirs taiding 2 fo pe AO hove varmcoved Wious- : > r \ : oan Pare diagno 5 wepmantntt poriol | J tas) \Ya divides? 3 ™~4 te Lvstashy 6s i124 C6) Ge) Gand Cosy ,(n9) e yaa) Cur) Gas) Cy Q,1t) (9-2) Cana) Gris Cue) (2) C36) (uy Gd Cae) C68) Cm Bue) F ye art a aga | a | 7 ; | ya HW Ys Jose} and pls) W power aed 8 Mean drow @ ts), ¢) hore chiag 4 \ ub vet \ §. OCs) Ld yak, Wed Lob Pbred , Teh, Lawed} { Hare Hag now | “8 Gor, ch i Gn} iS gc} {s\ Ast a - - Ne oe ey eee mec cda cs) My YRor axtit vo Tb! which folluws ane cond? how bs 0 Haen ‘al | cabled. mmininat leorent- x aa above example 6 bb wPatnad tlnenh y Maimal frend Wy Nel a dines of posed asd por Bn ho Vy whew py & nen Yoh Ym aximod dames? ox. TN above ex arnypda Lab, c3 wv mow mol damnen?)> pode am8 Bak exam ghey ee ee Varinnoh dament — VB 123 Lean} Liemens To tee Daan amend of po-seh (4.8) Neco ie aceans as? Goustot Viernes} ‘gh th Hye ga tent adamcn dof posed Cs, $) Hor bes oa ~ = Least theo ake ok \ b ; 7 Gmenhtnt — mek TP ang d- fobieh & 5) A C 3 a a ‘ 7 c 4 2 ce e a ‘ b tim Ya} fat fa 53 may (at Judes Jat and as {ay = Goen-(t § = tah G- Find the qoaeabyt and dean chernest i pend (24. /) ‘ Lea} ekeent 9 OL guste dkener +. > Doe, wot asrint- TaHintde wo. ak te hop A te 1 Upper Sound ah Qisenty a nuch ad Va ace } } for ' | wu tS texan, wha” whee. 9. Vubrd 1 § and au. Then a G upper dbourd Lobet bound Yor old Qewen dn tal auch ane ag lee whee Po & wuboach ¥ 8 acd ues CXS Who a2 Te a le Bound : oy, BERS / g= Cuts, Heber eh ae 3 6, 113 RPA bound « . Z oe oles Leon bound Lash ee tur ~ lower boure a Luh, ~ Upper dowd. ae {arecd p upper dort s LS Gh, i. Cs > tas Lent PTR Roos Gee ~ tywur bowmar = [AJ as Met ub? 22° dont neh ean > de > Laser a FY We Qa chk i ue LEK aa . bol. The clement Called the Dead Sppe toed fssuse ] a mun d bY & the vubad & 4 woh ON UPptr and Len Ahan they do the Upper wp = Uh _ ; 7 gdb 2 Sah — ye a n wv Savon LP Pr youd Be UO BCRD) ao va off | Grusbert oan howd CA) = men OO i Ty Ty! & quanter oor bound of the vebred A them Vy! whould be eel thas tor sq) vah to oa YOCPR | | g. Latics. A posh tH Which, pots st denen horn both leant: upper bound and 4 | becoern bound tu codded) Lodting ree ee ai Ure wo \ 1 | ‘ Lark VE of {hich o Kh fig q whith MAN be ula ue nae Laxtie | 8 qe psd) C24 1) & dda of toh, ' TA wv (oth te : | r 4 ae a HOF OF dunes bs . go 8 TEM Of em este c aor PG eee aE Ucn) od joie Oy) ae the opecahons. and wy 2 € ke hen aot : : XNA YW se KW ) WV. So 2) OA ey De 3 Ny 2 y N 3) Bt ALY Ag) (F Gola y) ACB st wy N z) 8 Ge vy) N 2 ) av GRAY) F og aK Gy ae > owv Q yy Panos mo PAN prey va show Ney ce Ko! ory a» “re as aa wv <, b b CO a) / iF (0, ¢4¢) > an Cc ve) saat & & © _ QA Cane) = bya a Dintri bubl ve prop fects fem & EEOSS?~C“CS ™ @ (a,as€) a ahd ved 259 A OE wR . @no) Vv Cone) 2 bY OF : Tree | ® a Ca,e,d) > a aCevd)s anaes & @ neyrn) Con ddr | eu Aee aoe : ; contra posh Hares of Ae , fae ” ° a ond only 4 weirs i Po meerrnany and Hush cles + For a]. dele sade CM In, > per gf ov he of vf re vf won if yo\or. T ol ae 7 «|e dete a e Ty fr ¥ ‘ i Py . = wn pe MTV aadhadoy” | ye ey it +o eked} Poy » TH < % war doy “4 of tack ol 4 Vt. BD madd. eo) my Tie gq i er ere VTontolegy 4 | - it 4 “] ) R Comporebbtnd propssihon which & dou oe Isp uda. eee, we rays pv apo ~ Con trade tos) peo & Fy — pr A tamheed gropesitiom which y £95 OV EMP \ \e e409 ft ce + ' | BP age “compound: paw fist Howl ty Coded at Veep e + req th Aartolegy | ~ Yen __ Paap _ Ve @ tyuove Yad” Sora | and Chrys) (ogee tage taylan, ond Cag). oad. Cary 7a) om Log tend eayuivalant _ ; , . B8rove aly) oe Crrwy. (PAs) Qn top col egy rivoland « bole bolas, DB Dake eh oo \in tan by lass” Pye & Pf : A Yeap Taw Por BR \- Domivahin” Weg gu re OV ‘ eva ») _ prep ®& F )aCat) BP = pews omegebion . 7 law Dormegy eye eV : PrYy © yar ‘ c ele pa Laas) S Chin a) As 7 pv (qr) = (va) vr Dp aly en) Os agin Was) pay Cay A'r) &S Gyan ‘Cpvs) %) 1 Cr my) ® Tv aly vite gy” be “ af nn ie ' Well benned Son aca, Wel? dopned formwo con be. gererabed by Following vurler a Te po rabeses YL vonable Ahan di alome a Wed formed for, td Ty oA and Bar well formed For mohay RY 38 Hh Wedbr formed fore AN 8 Ve | A7e . | po 8 M 3 “ft Ow : wos i Ap ” [ a6 a i J foun trarin aboukd bey gfe POX j ther aha La ade a laratevayl > iy ese leas > Loren v be a ane Cate ne eR ef > Te Gea ve ty a) N weg] > VW: Po Deny] mae “Va Gren ly wv a vy ayy: » pv (ryvy)orr i oa PNT € 9? > Sie Rube 1 i ta Senet The main funchHon logic tr to Psovide rahe ay (nfenss er Ga psd hel ple + saa, OmImGQ, The ery arn oulaed with duck viele Trfouverd- Beier y becaure SA Lontotwed) WHI & Rae Taos 9 PT: is of a Con duston by Codais pscentraey, t My wg acces ied cule of RAND ty DUCK A HB) PO0 Cary of dexrLuakton & ee collad chithucdon or a Letmal ule f | | ve poy dha “Syom a dk’ i PT LATS of Wypetheats Vist ee He} com ' towckroton C. fy and ony ee i DONE ene eee i UF OAs Bo be Hoo Wadkewent Formulas » we can roy Shab B logicad | Follow trom A or ‘p w& valid con wus rion of poumise, pt 1) “ond (on int B78 te tedology «| 7) 9 ry Rade of inten co . . e» Tiras Ser 4 Siow pi ieohion pul: hit ae 3 8 ; ; f Ibs PR ORVS Rado rile | Int BOIVG trove. - | -> @ i Pte Cr BO fe i (vt ve1g)v &r - ais (4945) aut _— Tentoten a =——_7 TO —#T Ts Te nh Te * Te * G Show 1? S&S LPB) : ?, 95 0 9 8 A Pods | Pome TOP 3B DP Modes (p58). emi rae: LUT 6 X(e>58) rlrsa) > Ph oe no rns. 3 gener rae 1P, evg, 3G. X Din jus chive eale gar Toler, P23, BOR DPORY Hypotheh cod By ogiom PV GPA Hr OPKR DRY Pew POG, ROM PVR >D-QVS J Comi*ruck ve Diem POtTuEH Ve Pi Lame RA CEVG) Ww rod com tluston A Neem PNG, Qo from, WY LHS ¥ or vaya Corea oe GE ~ wa lrva) pom ond ae = VP ad ING > 6. Bad BOR > + Road pve > Rava) LHS = AHS PD rowed —_— — Sy 3 teaaiade se Thee axe ome “voruable', Shere mislens eens can! be Soe or folbe when tare | vaste bles ao aanigned asa vabite » Mahe | no * ye vB annign necks leony tobi | VNif Caw be S eh Pheer s true vor fee: f (eee OG = ; eK nib grater Yran 10 > ' i ee ee \ ae WED ¢ ee OS ebsdeed irene, Read aad = tredicae | re), oF yi) 7 / f bY 5 GOVE Pov sh (pus) aa ra) » also colid Yourpos! Honad posele a Ze Quantities « i we 3 Univewoh — quanti ~~ aA > Wsintentriod wee =< Aen Pla) > Yoo a ola x Plt) & trun | falre 7 - ” be Fro -oxiyt catdeand lowe i » dor which tla) b Aref YRrpoyend the oshaders tent tuning! _ GuarKtoo .% tx sridan th Ga wu clan hay atudid © cabelas |” pla) 2% otidied Calerlar ”’ 0, rly) PTR alee fo) | oe iy tre donatn No mph MGotwoay o chown? 13 @ peson Hey Sh YD mod Correcd- yy WG) Fb tadend of “eta”, tla) 2 0 Adedied “CDexttuy pipe epwrens open tpt ements sl) GS el) ul $b) Pd) “ “oy >) Ala) & nay > 1 Vee pio D yay es ry 10.” An r(a) ee. TY pio Pty Magy min 4 > vl) rn) 'n plsts)A =.= ALO) s . oeplad 2) pan). Vorb) v roy’ wee V1Crs) =) Anko: ) TH gl) mie eo”? Topo vede, Ta roy) Folre. MO yg may “apt otdn pla) Fax gb 6 Trae Ase phn “Troe Ax (A @)) Ns pl) ) . ay Hw = “> 510 me Ue ds eh Mor glad) Fobre ‘ Baya epd Tre.» s ” a) Bod m tod a4 “any Mow Ome geod \ uy Lt Some Vom dow} drink aler H Srome q.ook» don + drink waktr ” play 2 fn & Gow” 6) = Hy w ‘{wod " ala) wa re ar 8 4) ) ay Y No, y Birdy thod dd 9 | ply) 2 6 G0 * als) * oy dinky wader ”’) Ti) 7 ye Aba (eb 3 ota). Hrs rr * Aa (rb) 4 800) 4. Cals) in a G0) hameing wey oe te “bye dy’ ae os Onhy Colpwrd biydn fae dow} Uwe on Nomeny ons Uve on fm colon! Winds “ane ovo, Ww howst bind’ Se n Lver on, shone aCe i her “to lowed . ) Phot . ) Y sles Sst.)) y oR, (r ale) eas) ss. a FP - ax ala raw 3 > sts) els) 2 ol sta) >) ve ( SEY vA ad) : er Lk lay a gls))-2:. wae) A Not vey x & Usa Hs te ria} 9 [ebay n 6a) Yn [Pay a Gb] 4 aTrta) aS: Rowe mL Pwd a. 6.)] > |r ta) on plas) n la) as A rey)) i n Loh) a ol) a BOs) — n Gb) | > Non PO) A Wa OO) vos Bd ¥n Crt) v ate) # Vo Pla) nde ny Ae aly , ' eS = caeve Wal Hs gaQres vats) = ay rGd vy Bx Obs SNe wn} _—_—— za Cro acat)) # aarGy nan O(n) Ne tod abd oe . : 7 7 ; WW 6. _ Co \ © Ns Oo VO; : Opal ¢ P true fer te, a ear der ty aaa ye UL Wor aia Bourded variah Cor Gurath, veuaba) tVrplain the otalenent wi quand Hew . s yudeand ty chan init tae Leone Ninited Mexeo. ey (dad - clon?’ OW = Mote mM vinited Mexteo ” 0 aa Cro) aL OCx))> — @ an, (1,860) ad 8 OD vaco tyre) D va (aco B » vo) @ vy zo (ys#o) avy Cyto > yo #0) ® 4s r0 Cz*= 2) a. Ae (zo an zb=2) M, pabton ye ' Ce Via) as megahe 3 ye MIR 2) tree Wan showest pel Huan i mM AM arvedtar enk> Chane buyper- 5) etry 8 OF av howd poll Huon” i VC an tyb))) Mor a la) of < - eae . »” td rte) = fe poll hein i é ey bey ‘S yon $s : y w Cra) nw al)) wn Carey v 7 ob) ova Crew « old) CO ances , ) pW = an Wb anedcom 2 6 ” ola) = x cabs Charrne bergar a oo wot Crlay > oy) > aT vaCa roy y eb)” > an (7 Crroyy g &))) yh te v) >» Ax( rbd 1 00)) / ae PP tapas folowing atedemen ts 0 quaht; \) Some oad ome eaHonalls, 1 pla) afar Read als = x WB RaHornadl Number Fal rho ob) | TD Nore ob my brother & rope, rls) =e ew ~ broth gl) 2 » b » »v T Gold and Siler ant pouciouy. Perfect. Nx Cre) wo g(x) sax (roy a 9b) thay) = nisGold git) 2x» v& Bilven. als) ~ 9 Wb breclow. Vu Go wv ab)) rh) ) Num bow . . t E We 7 ) Not ove yu tree . ™ geoph. pple) jon ao goer ; otk) = % yee’ syn (1 > gx)) 4) Wok all satiny days. ot _ colds yO) = stay doy oW = x» BD colt VN al ; yl) > @ (0) ) wre’ and Tiger attack tt yey one | Le) Fw iy Cv aby B® by OY ad cto 1 Hacks ro mal, Ya at) wt 00) 9 ( rada CHO) v 1503)) re ino | Nox (be \ +)" > es v 0) ° ve) | Bly) + te YF yo Y , ey dag) Ca AL 1 Vy guy) > Tree : Yo Ray abr y) > ee ) Ss Truss > adh Nay se oy 7 (prod always) ; stay) + LA 3 fy 2atHO : ey GIT Noy g lay) S Pobne Nov Ay 8 ws 4) > T pues a wads Vy 8 6 bay) aa) eras ay An Ay gb. ¥) > Teel oosnneen — 2 OG .y,2) to xe y = Naya’ Eg la yi2) > Trev Ny Ny Ae g Curyr®) > TWrer Aa vy ve 9.42 Aavyh Gg? > Vobse => Treb => foe Va Wy Ne a Ge git) 7 a A. a Lanchon with ony var fa bles We Pe wo Py and WW Aree fer oh we moss ibk Qrriqnomrest ee called stolegy: et Vow& ee yer akleant one Combi- ~ ~akon Al tate == + em anew Ut wy called sedbafuable dual - TH we AD Legicak eH pordion asd wae plas VN with A ond Vo with Rand Twitty Pagd Foi T nit iy collod Ha duok of A. Denoed a ar : Rob or tginad . yunetos, hee tenemos, FOO

You might also like